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DESKM 



1000's Bundle of Joy 





A CWC/I PUBLICATION 



the magazine for TRS80* users 



bur Own 

SIMULATIONS 

Fight Simulator 

Shows You Ho* 

v 



. 



New Column 

Great Spreadsheet 
Tips and Templates 

Surge Stompers 

Save Your Micro 
From Blowing Up 

Scroll Protect 
For the Model 4 

The Ultimate 
Input Routine 



,ii illinium in in 1 1 

74470 ll 65947 l 



05 




e 75 on Reader Service card. 



TANDY... Clearly 

It's evident when you can cover the MS-DOS 
unmatched in performance and value. 



Advanced Technology 
Tandy 2000 

The Tandy 2000 is the 
standard of excellence for 
MS-DOS based personal com- 
puters. Like IBM's PC AT, the 
Tandy 2000 performs up to 
three times faster than the 
IBM PC*. Each Tandy 2000 
disk drive offers over twice 



the PC's storage. And our 
color graphics offer twice the 
resolution, with twice as 
many colors. 

The Tandy 2000 comes 
with the industry standard 
MS-DOS operating system 
that lets you use the most 
popular and sophisticated 
programs on today's market. 



Programs like Lotus 1-2-3, 
dBase II. Multiplan, the 
pfsrseries and SuperCalc3. 

Tandy 2000 delivers a bet- 
ter solution— extraordinary 
quality with higher perfor- 
mance. A 256K Tandy 2000 
starts at just $2499. Your 
company can lease a system 
for only $95 a month* *. 




Engineered for Excellence 

We've been bringing the latest 
in electronic technology to the 
marketplace for over 60 years. 
The Tandy 20O0 and the 
Tandy 1000 represent the 
state of the art in technology, 
quality and price breakthrough. 



TANDY 
2000 




market with a line of computers 



New Low Price on the 
XT's "Mirror Image" 

Here's a system that does 
everything IBM's XT can- 
but costs considerably less. 
A Tandy 1200 HD is compat- 
ible with virtually all soft- 
ware and hardware for the 
XT, yet is now only $2499. 
And that includes 256K, a 
ten megabyte hard disk and 
a parallel printer interface. 



The New Tandy lOOO 

And if you want more than 
just PC compatibility, then 
you need the new Tandy 
1000. Tandy 1000 puts it all 
together— including soft- 
ware. We call it DeskMate", 
and it's word processing, 
spreadsheet analysis, elec- 
tronic filing, telecommunica- 
tions, a calendar and elec- 
tronic mail all on one disk. 



And unlike IBM's PC, the 
Tandy 1000 includes adapt- 
ers to use a monitor, printer, 
joysticks and light pen, as 
well as DOS and BASIC. With 
one-disk it's only $1 199. 

For the best in technology, 
support, service and value, 
stop by your local Radio 
Shack Computer Center to- 
day. We invite comparison! 




Available at over 1200 

Radio Shack Computer Centers and at 

participating Radio Snack stores and dealers. 

Radio /haek 

COMPUTER CENTERS 

A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION 



"80 M.kre Magazine May 1904 ■ 'Plus applicable use/tales tai Tandy 
TOM. 1200 HO and 1000 prices do not include monitors and apply al 
Radio Stock Computer Centers and participating stores and dealers 
landy 1ZM HD was J2999 in Cat RSC 14 MS/registered TM Microsoft 
Carp IIMftegisteied TM International Business Machines Corp 12 3/ 
TM loins Development Corp dBASC II/TM Astiton Tata Multiplan/TM 
Microsoft Corp pfs /registered tM Software Publishing MultiMata/TM 






Send me a 1985 Computer Catalog. 

Mail To: Radio Shack, Dept. 85-A-387 
300 One Tandy Center. Fort Worth, TX 76102 



""I 



Company . 
Address _ 
City 



L 



State 

Telephone 



Zip. 



:_i 



Circle 126 on Reader Service card. 



The Best Gets BETTER: 

JMG Now Offers FREE SHIPPING! 

In an effort to give our customers even better value for their software dollar, we have now eliminated shipping 
charges for all orders over $25 to the continental US or Canada. Simple. Except for an extra charge if you order 
by COD, there are no other charges at all. The price you see is the price you get. Someday, all dealers will 
sell this way, but for now you'll just have to stick with the best — JMG Software. 



from 



NEW! 

inFoconv 

HITCHHIKERS GUIDE 
TO THE GALAXY 

Douglas Adams and Steve Meretzky have 
adapted Adams' best selling book into an 
interactive adventure game. Infocom has 
some great games, but this is one of the 
best! 

Modal 3/4 only (unfortunately) $34.50 

ACCEL 3/4 Basic Compiler 

This compiler from Southern Software and 
Allen Geider is one of the best; it compiles 
almost all BASIC commands, and produces 
fast machine language programs. 

ACCEL 3/4, Mod 1/3 Disk $89.50 



JMG has recently expanded its line with 
some excellent programs, and here is a 
run-down of the new guys on our software 
block: 



T/MAKER 

This integrated software package for the 
Model 4 combines word processing, spell- 
ing checking, spreadsheet, data base 
management, and graphics all into one 
package. An excellent over-all package, and 
a great price. 

1 /Maker, Mod 4 only .... (List $299) $269.50 

ENBase 

This is a "relational data base manager" 
and what that all boils down to is a very 
powerful program. This will handle most 
any data base job you can throw at it, and 
more. 



ENBASE, Model 1 or 3 



(List $140) $129.50 



DIS'n'DATa Dissassembler 

This is a dissassembler with a unique and 
efficient way of automatically separating 
data areas from machine language code. 
It's not 100% foolproof, but it is as close 
as you can get. 

DIS'n'DATa Model l/lll Disk $37.50 

DIS'n'DATa Model 4 $46.50 

OTHERS: 

Disk Drive Analyzer, Model I $84.50 

Disk Drive Analyzer. Model 3/4 $74.50 

(Does what it says, list S89/S79) 

PASCAL80 Model l/lll $69.50 

PASCAL80 for CP/M $36.50 

(A well-praised Pascal Compiler) 
EDIT Mod l/lll from Allen Geider $36.50 

(A full-screen editor for BASIC) 
SBE from Allen Geider $94.50 

("Mid-level language compiler"...) 
VersaBusiness Series $89.50 

(AR. AP, Payroll & Inventory available) 

Versaledger II $134.50 

CNVBASIC for Mod l/lll or 4 $27.50 

(Powersoft's entry in the conversion club) 
And there's more new stuff coming! 



LESCRIPT $94.50 

Our best selling word procesor, loaded with features (many not 
found elsewhere). 

Great printer support, ease of use, full Model 4 support, and 
much more! On a 128K Model 4 you can have over 90K of text 
buffer for use on a single file (not split into multiple buffers, like 
other WP programs do). Model 4 features also available while run- 
ning in Model III mode! The same program will run under most 
DOSes form TRSDOS 2.3 on a model I to DOSPLUS IV on a mod 
4! And at our low price, it's the best word processing value 
anywhere. 

LESCRIPT Models l/IH/4 (List $129.95) $94.50 



KSoft's LOG and SUPERL0G 

Very versatile "Electronic Notebook" programs that allow you to ac- 
cess stored information at the touch of a key, even when running other 
programs. Keep notes, memos, lists, or other information in the 
instantly accessable "pages". SUPERLOG4 for the Model 4 also con- 
tains many advanced features and commands that will make you 
wonder how you ever lived without the program. 

LOG for Model I or III. ..... .' $44.50 

SUPERL0G for Mod I or III LD0S $99.50 

SUPERL0G4 tor Mod 4 (List $119.95) $99.50 



ELECTRIC WEBSTER ... $119.50 

The best Sfvrtbg checker for TRS-80 computers; includes a 50,000 
word dictionary and integrates with most word processors. 
Features fast checking, interactive correcting, and the ability to 
add your own words to its dictionary. Not much more you can 
say about this program, Just that it does the job and it does it 
very well. (Get it quick before the price goes up to $129.50) Specify 
computer & word processor when ordering. 

Electric Webster Model l/lll or 4 (List $149.95) $119.50 

E.W. Grammar or Hyphenation (List $49.95) $38.50 



W0RDPR0CESSING PACKAGE DEAL $199.50 

Buy both LESCRIPT and ELECTRIC WEBSTER together and save 
even more! These two programs work great together, so if you're 
getting into serious word processing this is the "first class" way 
to go. This is a special offer for, as they say, "a limited time." 

SAVE $80 OFF THE LIST PRICE!! 



DOSPLUS 3.5 and DOSPLUS IVa 

DOSPLUS is an excellent alternative to TRSDOS for Models l/lll and 
Model 4. As they say, it's "better, faster and stronger"; in this case 
stronger means more powerful. Both versions come bundled with 
many utilities that are alone worth the price. It won't leap tall 
buildings in a single bound, but it will do the next best ting, which 
is to make life a little easier for you. 

DOSPLUS 3.5 for Model I or III S 59.50 

DOSPLUS IVa tor Model 4 (List $169.95) $119.50 



The Home Accountant $59.50 

A complete personal finance package. A thorough program; 
somewhat slow, but otherwise a very good package. 

Home Accountant, Model III only S59.50 



TAS Public Domain Disks 

These disks are a collection of quality public domain programs from 
all over. There's lots of stuff here, from games to utilities to 
applications and much more. Each disk is a "flippy" disk, and both 
sides are filled to the brim. 

Public Domain Disk Package, 11 to #4 $34.50 

Public Domain Disk Package, f 1 to #6 $49.50 

Single Disk (specify 1 to 6) $ 9.50 











JM 


THE SOURCE OF TRS-80 SOFTWARE! 

IF YOU BOUGHT YOUR SOFTWARE ELSEWHERE, YOU PROBABLY PAID TOO MUCH 

JMG is one of the largest sources for TRS-80 software around; we specialize in software for Models 1, 
III and 4. Our prices are the best, and if you find a better price then we'll beat it (see below). As well, we 
support the programs we sell; we sell only top-quality software, and our 99% satisfaction rate speaks 
for itself. With the best prices, selection and support on your side, you can't lose. Model 4 owners: ALL 
Model 3 programs we sell will work on the Mod 4 in "III mode". 







APPLICATIONS/BUSINESS 

Program Name (List) JMG 

DOTWRITER w/LOS ( 99.95) S 89.50 

P0WERD0T II ( 59.50) $ 49.50 

DATAGRAPH ( 79.95) S 69.50 

Mumford's Disk Indexer ( 39.95) S 34.50 

Howe's System Diagnostic — ( 99.95) S 89.50 

J&M's Disk Drive Analyzer - I ( 89.00) S 84.50 

J&M's Disk Drive Analyzer - III ( 79.00) S 74.50 

ENBASE Data Base Manager . . (140.00) S129.50 

POWERMAIL PLUS (150.00) 5129.50 

POWERMAIL w/Txtmg (175.00) S149.50 

TAS's ZMAIL Mail List ( 29.95) S 24.50 

LESCRIPT (129.95) S 94.50 

LESCRIPT CP/M (199.95) S149.50 

Z0RL0F II ( 69.95) S 49.50 

LAZYWRITER (125.00) S 99.50 

TYPEITALL (129.95) S 99.50 

PowerScript (New Ver) ( 39.95) S 34.50 

ELECTRIC PENCIL ( 89.00) S 79.50 

TEXTPRESS ( 49.95) S 39.50 

ELECTRIC WEBSTER (149.95) $119.50 

E.W. Options (each) ( 49.95) S 38.50 

Home Accountant ( 79.95) S 59.50 

VersaLedger II (149.95) 5134.50 

Versa Series (each) ( 99.50) $ 89.50 



SUPER UTILITY 4/4P $ 69.50 

SUPER UTILITY 3.2 $ 59.50 

SUPERCR0SS XT $ 94.50 

SUPERCR0SS XT w/CnvBasic $112.50 

EDAS / PRO-CREATE $ 69.50 

ALE - Assem. Lang Editor $ 39.50 

M-ZAL Macro Assembler $ 79.50 

Mumford's Instant Assembler $ 44.50 

Instant Assembler Model 4 $ 59.50 

ZEN Assembler $ 34.50 

DSMBLR III / PR0-DUCE $ 23.50 

DIS'n' OATa l/lll $ 37.50 

DISV DATa Mod 4 $ 46.50 

TASM0N Monitor l/lll or 4 $ 34.50 

Howe's Monitor #5 $ 19.50 

LC / PR0-LC Compiler $114.50 

PASCAL80 Compiler $ 69.50 

PASCAL80 for CP/M $ 36.50 

SBE Compiler S 94.50 

ACCEL 3/4- Compiler $ 89.50 

ZBASIC Compiler $ 79.50 

Model 4 Toolbelt $ 39.50 

PR0-ESP Utility set (Mod 4) $ 23.50 

6.2 Plus Enhancements $ 36.50 

BAS 3-to-4 Converter $ 24.50 

Lazycomm terminal $ 29.50 

DISK TERM Terminal $ 59.50 

MULTIDOS Version 1.6 b $ 49.50 

MULTID0S Version 1.7 $ 79.50 

MULTI00S Model 4 $ 89.50 



SUPREME RULER PLUS $26.50 

FLIGHT SIMULATOR $29.50 

NUCLIEX $14.50 

APE $14.50 

SIFTER SHIFTER S 8.50 

BATTLE OF ZEIGHTY $ 8.50 

FOREST FIRE 0ISPATCH $26.50 

INF0C0M GAMES: 

"Standard Level" Each $34.50 

PLANETFALL WITNESS 

ENCHANTER HITCHHIKER'S 

"Intermediate Level" Each $39.50 

Z0RK II Z0RK III 

SORCERER INFIDEL 

"Very Difficult Level" Each $42.50 

DEADLINE STARCR0SS 

SUSPENDED 

OTHER GOODIES: 

BOOKS: 

ROM ROUTINES Documented $16.50 

Model III Assembly Language $15.50 

Microsoft Basic Decoded $23.50 

TRSD0S 2.3 Oecoded $23.50 

BASIC Faster & Better $23.50 

BFBLIB or BFBDEM Disks each $16.50 

BASIC Disk I/O F 4 B $23.50 

DFBL0A0 disk $16.50 

DISKS: On a trial basis we are offering 
Wabash "Datatech" blank diskettes for sale. 
Lifetime guarantee, in soft box with labels 
etc. These are Single Side Double Density 
(other formats available). 
SSDD Wabash (10 pack) $15.00 



OUR NEW PHONE NUMBER: 
(416) 575-2867 

Use this number for ordering and for technical information. 
Phones are usually staffed Monday to Saturday, 10 A.M. to 
7 P.M. (No technical info on Wednesday.) 



OUR PRICING POLICY: 

We will beat any legitimate price advertised for any 
product that we carry. If you find a lower price 
advertised, our price will be Si.00 less, under the 
same conditions (eg. same shipping and other 
charges, etc). To receive the lower price you must 
mention the location of the other ad when ordering. 



AN APOLOGY: 

This Is an open apology to Powersoft and 
Hypersoft for a mistake we made in our 
original pricing of their new product. 
Hypercross/Supercross. While controlling 
dealer prices is illegal ("prlcefixing"), It Is 
JMG's policy to co-operate with our sup- 
pliers as much as possible and observe 
their concerns. Both companies would like 
to maintain a stable market for their new 
program, so we'd like to apologize to them 
and any other people aftected by our inap- 
propriate pricing. Thank you. 



TO ORDER: 

We accept orders by phone or mail. When order- 
ing please specify the Model of TRS-80 you own, 
the exact program(s) wanted, and the method of 
payment. We accept Check, Money Order, VISA, 
MasterCard. (For Electric Webster please mention 
your word processor.) (For Ootwriter & PowerOot 
mention your printer brand.) 



THIS AND THAT: 

Hope you like our latest ad... 
keep your eyes open for new 
things coming soon, such as 
even more new products. Also, 
we will soon venture into the 
Model 1000 world (don't worry, 
we won't leave l/IM/4 behind). 
This Isn't all we have, by the 
way; write for a complete pro- 
duct/price list and our latest 
newsletter. Canadians: write for 
our Canadian price list. Till next 
month • The Prez. 



OUR GUARANTEE: 

We sell only top-quality software. If. 
however, you are unsatisfied with a product 
you have purchased from JMG. you may 
return it (in good condition) within 10 days 
for a refund, less a S2.50 handling charge 
for programs under $50 ($5.00 for programs 
over $50). We also ask that you send us a 
letter stating the reason for your return. 



^0T* 



SQF71MF 



THE FINE PRINT: 



Regular shipping in continental US and Canada Is 
FREE (our choice of method). COO orders add $2.50 
to cover COO costs. PO's accepted for gov't & schools, 
add $5.00 handling charge. Overseas orders will be 
charged actual shipping costs; specify surface or air. 
All prices subject to change without notice. 



3235 LOCKPORT ROAD 
NIAGARA FALLS, NY 14305 

OR 

710 UPPER JAMES ST. 

HAMILTON, ONTARIO 

CANADA L9C 2Z8 

Phone: (416) 575-2867 



Circle 2 on Reader Service card. 




♦/ IS YOUR PRINTER 
° 2 TOO SHORT ~0 
_-. -FOR YOUR S 

SPREADSHEET? 

LONGVIEW turns a VisiCalc (R) spreadsheet on its side 
so that DOTWRITER can print it down the paper instead 
of across. It gives you the effect of a 400-character wide 
printer (or even longer, if your spreadsheet is that big). 

The number of "rows" becomes the limit when you 
print this way: you can fit between 48 (Microline 92) and 
180 (CITOH 1550) rows across the page. 

LONGVIEW is an "add-on" to our Dotwriter system. It 
includes programs and three character sizes, and runs on 
48K-64K TRS-80 Models I, III, and 4/4P (native Model 4 
mode). Please see our ad later in this magazine for 
information and pricing on Dotwriter, and the printers we 
support. 

LONGVIEW is easy to use and comes with ready-to-run 
setups. First, tell VisiCalc to print your spreadsheet to disk. 
Next, rotate the file with LONGVIEW. Then, print it with 
Dotwriter That's all there is to it. 

LONGVIEW $29.95 

(does not include Dotwnter or VisiCalc) 



DOWNLOADABLE 
FONTS 



We have dozens of high-resolu- 
tion, downloadable fonts for 
the Radio Shack DMP 2 1 OOP and 
the Epson LQ-1500. They include 
italics, cursive, headline, and other 
fancy typefaces Each font disk 
includes programs to perform the 
download, and sample files to print 
them for you. 

The print quality of these fonts 
must be seen to be believed. 
ALLWRITE can load these fonts 
"on the fly" and give you right- 
justified, proportional printing. If 
you do not have ALLWRITE, you 
can pre-load a font and use it with 
any software, including BASIC 
(right-justification is only possible 
with ALLWRITE, however). 

Each disk contains at least eleven 
fonts and supporting programs. 
The disks cost $59.95 each, and we 



offer substantial discounts to 
ALLWRITE owners. Please call or 
write to us for print samples, further 
information and pricing. Due to the 
specialized nature of this product, 
we recommend that you see the 
samples before ordering. Disk 
formats are available for TRS-80 I, 
III, 4, and MS-DOS. ALLWRITE is 
available only for TRS-80. 

Information on these products is 
not available at our toll-free answer- 
ing service, so please call or write 
to our Technical Support group for 
details: 

(818)764-3131 

PRtm 

Box 560, No. Hollywood. CA 9 1 603 

Please add $300 for shipping Calif residents add 
sales tax. Weaccept M/C, VISA, checks and COD 



PUBLISHER 
Peter Hutchinson 

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 

Eric Maloncy 

MANAGING EDITOR (EDITORIAL) 
Peter E. McKle 

MANAGING EDITOR (PRODUCTION) 

Deborah M. Sargent 

REVIEW EDITOR 

Ryan Davis- Wright 

COPY EDITORS 

Robert Mitchell (New Products) 

Penelope HambUn 

ASSISTANT EDITOR 

Catherine Gear. 

TECHNICAL EDITORS 

Bradford N. Dixon 

Mare-Anne Jarvela 

Keith Johnson (Load 80 1 

Dave Rowell 

Beverly Woodbury 

PROOFREADER 

Vlnoy Laughner 

EDITORIAL ADMINISTRATION 

Carol Maciocl 

ASSOCIATE EDITORS 
Hardin Brothers 
David Engelhardt 
John B Harrell III 

Terry Kepner 
Thomas L. Qulndry 



ADVERTISING SALES 

SALES MANAGER 
William Smith 

SALES REPRESENTATIVES 
Richard J Alden 
Michael Wozmak 
1-800-441-4403 

WEST COAST OFFICE 

1060 Marsh Road 

Menlo Park. CA 94025 

415-328-3470 

SALES REPRESENTATIVE 

Alisson Walsh 

MARKETING/PROMOTION DIRECTOR 
Jane Butterfield 




4 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Cover Photograph by Edward Jndlce 



The left bracket. (, replace* me up arrow used by Radio 
Snack to Indicate exponentiation on our printouts When en- 
tering, programs published In 80 Micro, you should make this 
change. 

80 formats its program listings to run 64-charectera wide. 
the way they look on your video screen. This accounts for 
the occasion si wrap-around you will notice in oui program 
listings. Don't let It throw you. partlcularty whan entering as 
sembty listings 

Article submissions from our readers are welcomed and en- 
couraged- inquires should be addressed to Submissions Ed- 
ttor, SO Pine Street, Pet e rborough. NH 03458 Include an 
SASE for a copy of -How to Write for 80 Micro ' Payment for 
accepted articles Is made at a rate of approximately ISO per 
printed page: all rights are purchased. 
•TWS-aO. Scripslt. and TRS006 are trademarks of Radio 
Shack, a dfcnslon of Tandy Corp 



» Uicn i ISSN -0744- 78W- s put* 'Shad monthly by DM Com- 
municationsyPeterborough inc . 80 Pine St . Peterporoug- 
NH. 03456. Phone 603-924-9471 Second oass postage pa a 
at Peterborough. NH. and additional mailing o"ices (Cana- 
dian second dees mail registration number 9963 1 Subscrip- 
tion rates In US are 624.97 for one year. 638 tor two years, 
and 653 for three years. In Canada and Mexico 627.97— one 
year only. U.S. funds drawn on a U.S. bank Nationally dis- 
tributed by International Circulation Distributors Foreign 
subscriptions (surface mall). 644.97— one year only. U.S. 
funds drawn on a U S. bank Foreign subscriptions (air mail) 
please inquire In South Africa contact 80 Micro P Boa 
782815. Sandton. South Alnca 2146 All subscription corre- 
spondence should be addressed to SO Micro. Subscription 
Department, P O Bos 981. Farmingdala. NY '1737 Please 
include your address label with any correspondence Post- 
mestec Send address changes to K Micro. Subscnption 
Services, P.O Box 981. Farmlngdale, NY 11737 Send Cane 
dian changes of address to 80 Micro. P.O Box 1061. Fori 
Erie. Ontario L2A 5N8 Canada Return postage guaranteed 



Entire contents ■ copyright '965 by CW Communications/ 
P e t erborough tnc No part of this publicailon may be reprinted, 
or reproduced by any means, without prior written permissior- 
from the pubUahar AM programs are published lor personal 
use only. All nghts reserved 



May 1985 




micro 




On the Cover 



31. DeskMate: Tandy's Software Starter Package 

by Bradford N. Dixon 

In this case, you get what you don't pay for. 

40. Fight Simulator 

by Joe R. Capps 

An inside look at the design and coding of an armed combat 
simulation program. Plus, a list of simulation software for 
Tandy computers. (Models I, III, and 4; Load 80; Model 1000) 

62. Current Events 

by Mark D. West 

A consumer's guide to surge protectors. 

70. Restricted Entry 

by Jose E. Anaya 

Keep bogus input from sneaking into your programs. (Models 

I, III. and 4; Load 80; Models 1000. 1200, and 2000) 

74. Stationary Department 

by Raymond C. Boggs 

Add scroll protection to your Model 4's video display. (Model 4; 

Load 80) 

106. Spreadsheet Beat 

by Russ Couey 

Our new monthly column debuts with a template for analyzing 

IRA investment funds. 



Feature 



58. Fractals in Focus 

by Steve Justice 

High-resolution graphics add finesse to geometric fractal de- 
signs. (Models III and 4; Load 80; Models 1000 and 1200) 



Departments 


6. 


Load 80 Directory 


78. 


Project 80 


8. 


Side Tracks 




by Roger C. Alford 




by Eric Moloney 


92. 


BBS Express 


12. 


Input 




by J. Stewart Schneider 






and Charles E. Bowen 


14. 


Feedback Loop 

by Terry Kepner 


96. 


Basic Takes 


22. 


Pulse Train 




by Richard Ramella 




by Bradford N. Dixon 


100. 


The Next Step 


27. 


Reader Exchange 




by Hardin Brothers 


29. 


Debug 


106. 


Spreadsheet Beat 

by Russ Couey 


31. 


Reviews 


115. 


Tidbit #20 




edited by 

Ryan Davis-Wright 


120. 


New Products 




DeskMate 




edited by 




LS-Utility Disk 




Robert Mitchell 




Easy Writer and 


128. 


Ask Tandy 




Volkswriter Deluxe 








Convert 3 to 2000 







80 Micro, May 1985 • 5 



oad 80 gathers together se- 
lected programs from this is- 

1 sue of 80 Micro and puts them 

on a magnetic medium for your con- 
venience. It is available on tape or disk, 
and runs on the Models. I. III. and 4. 

Load 80 programs are ready to run. 
and can save you hours of time typing 
in and debugging listings. Load 80 also 
gives you access to Assembly-language 
programs if you don't have an editor/ 
assembler. And. it helps you build a 
substantial software library. 

Using Load 80 is simple. If you own 
a tape system, load the Load 80 tape as 



per the instructions provided. If you 
own a Model I or III disk system, you 
boot the Load 80 disk and transfer the 
files to a TRSDOS system disk accord- 
ing to simple on-screen directions. If 
you own a Model 4. vou must convert 
the programs from Model III TRSDOS 
to Model 4 disk using the Model 4 
CONV command. 

If you have any questions about the 
programs, call Keith Johnson at 603- 
924-9471. Yearly subscriptions to 
Load 80 are $ 1 99.97 for disk, or $99.97 
for cassette. Individual loaders are 
available on disk for $2 1 .47 or on cas- 
sette for $1 1.47. including postage. To 
place a subscription order, or to ask 
questions about your subscription, 
please call us toll free at 1-800-343- 
0728 between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Or. 
you can write to Load 80. 80 Pine St.. 
Peterborough. NH 03458. 



Directory 



Endgame 

Article: Fight Simulator (p. 40). 
Systems: Models I and III. 32K 
RAM. one disk drive. 
Language: Disk Basic. 

A combat simulation that dem- 
onstrates simulation program- 
ming techniques. 
Cassette filespec: B. 
Disk filespec: ENDGAME/BAS. 
Prompter 

Article: Restricted Entry (p. 70). 
System: Models I. III. and 4. 32K 
RAM. one disk drive. 
Language: Disk Basic. 

Predefine acceptable user in- 
put. 

Cassette filespec: C. 
Disk filespec: PROMPTER/BAS. 

Scroll 

Article: Stationary Department 

(p. 74). 

System: Model 4. 64K RAM. one 

disk drive. 

Language: Assembly. 

Adds scroll protection to Model 
4 video display. 

Cassette filespec: SCROLL (object 
code). 

Disk filespec: SCROLL/SCR 
(source code). SCROLL/CMD (ob- 
ject code). Source code requires 
ALDS editor/assembler. 

Fractals 

Article: Fractals in Focus (p. 58). 
Systems: Models III and 4. 32K 
RAM. one disk drive, high-resolu- 
tion board. 
Language: BasicG. 
High-resolution modification of 



Michael van de Panne's fractals 

program. 

Cassette filespec: D. 

Disk filespec: FRACTALS/BAS. 

BBS 

Article: BBS Express (p. 92). 
System: Model III. 48K RAM. two 
disk drives. 
Language: Assembly. 

Put the finishing touches on 
your bulletin board system. 
Cassette filespec: BBS (source 
code). 

Disk filespec: BBS/SRC (source 
code). Requires Radio Shack Edi- 
tor/Assembler. 

Extend 

Article: The Next Step (p. 100). 
System: Model 4. 64K RAM. one 
disk drive. 
Language: Assembly. 

Demonstration of an extended 
command interpreter. 
Cassette filespec: EXTEND (ob- 
ject code). 

Disk filespec: EXTEND/SRC 
(source code). EXTEND/CMD (ob- 
ject code). Source code requires 
ALDS editor/assembler. 

Convert 

Article: Special to Load'iO. % 
System: Model III. 32K RAM. one 
disk drive. f* ^L*" 

Converts Apparat editor/assem- 
bler or Radio Shack Series 1 Edi- 
tor/Assembler source files to 
ALDS format. 
Cassette filespec: E. 
Disk filespec: CONVERT/HAS. 



ART DIRECTOR 

Beth Krommts 

PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR 

Dion Owens 

PRODUCTION ASSISTANT 

George Gardos 

AD/GRAPHICS PRODUCTION 

Gary Ciocct 



MANUFACTURING MANAGER 

Susan Gross 

TYPESETTING MANAGER 

Dennis Chrlstensen 

FILM PREPARATION MANAGER 

Robert M. Vllleneuve 

DARKROOM MANAGER 

Nathaniel Havncs 



VICE PRESIDENT/GENERAL MANAGER 

Debra Wetherbee 

VICE PRESIDENT/FINANCE 

Roger Murphy 

ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER 

Matt Smith 

ASSISTANT TO VP/FINANCE 

Dominique Smith 

DIRECTOR OF CIRCULATION 

William P Howard 

CIRCULATION MANAGER 

Frank Smith 

DIRECT AND NEWSSTAND SALES MANAGER 

Ralno Wir Tin 

1-800-343-0728 

DIRECTOR OF CREDIT SALES 

AND COLLECTION 

William M. Boyer 

EXECUTIVE CREATIVE DIRECTOR 

Christine Destrempes 

PUBLIC RELATIONS 

Michele Christian 

FOUNDER 
Wavne Green 



computer publication* m IB maiof countries Hmt rruthon people r**3 on* 
o* mom 0> the proup's publications MCh month Me m oem o' the Qroup m 
elude Argentina's CompunwworlOVArovrfftnj. Australia's Aus tralm Compu 
reneorfd. AvsrreMBn alrcro Compular Uagazmo. Australian PC World end 
Orrectonee. Brant's OerarVews and Urcroklundo. China % Cnina Compular 
world. Denmark's ComputerwortdrOenmon and Micro Verden. Finland i 
M*ro, Franca • la Mono* lnlormerioi/e Goidar <AppM and OPC iiBMi. Gar 
marty't Compurerwocna Mic/ocompvfenaert. PC Wart Soltwara Marsr, CrY 
EdltronlSeminai. Computer Business and Commodore Uagaltrra. Italy s 
Computerworld Italia. Japan a Computerworld Japan ana Porto Comtvorld. 
Ms. .co ? CompulenmondlUarico and CompuUundo. Netherlands' CW Sana 
tux and UrcroSnro, Norway'i Compuferwortd Norge and UikroDala. Saudi 
Arabia's Saudi Computerworld. Singapore's Tha Asian Computerworld. 
Spain's Compurarwortd/fipana and MtcroS'Sremas. Sweden s Computer 
Sweden. MisroQerom. ana Uin Hemdaror. tha UK's Compular Uanaoemenl 
and Compular Buameta Europe tha U S Computerworld HOT CoCo. *> 
Cider. :nloWo"rf Macworld. Micro Ua-nwo'-o PC World Run ' i Ueoe 
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Problems tilth Subscriptions Send a description of the prob- 
lem and your currant and/or moat recent address to: 80 Uicro. 
Subscription Department, P O 8o» 961. Farmingdale, NY 
11737. 

ProWems with load 80 Circulation Address correspondence to 
Load 80. SO Pine St . Peterborough, NH 03458 
P'obitms with Advernsers Send a description o> the problem 
and your current address to 80 Micro. Bt. 101 & Elm Street. Pe- 
terborough. NH 03458. ATTN.: Rita B Rh/ard. Customer Service 
Manager. If urgent, call 1-800-441-4403 

Charge ol Address Send old label or copy of old address and 
new address to: 80 Ulcro. P.O. Box 96 1 . Fermlngdaie, NY 
1 1373 Please give eight weeks advance notice. 
Microfilm This publication Is available In microform from Uni- 
versity Microfilms International United States address: 300 
North Zeeb Road. Dept. PR.. Ann Arbor. Mi 48108. Foreign ad 
dress: 18 Bedford Row. Dept PR.. London, WC1R4EJ, En» 
land. 
Dealers Contact Ralno Wlreln. Retail Sales ManaoeY. SO Micro. 

Pine St., Peterborough, NH 03458. (800) 3430728. 



6 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 101 on Reader Service card 




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A - Analog Alignment Aid 

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S ■ Speed Display 

R Radial Alignment Display 

Z ■ Aiimuth Rotation Display 

H ■ Hysteresis Display 
End Program 




Select any one of seven tests to perform 
preventive maintenance or to isolate problems. 
Simple, single-letter commands make MM easy 
to use! Use MM to align the head, adjust the 
index hole detector, or adjust the speed. 




Check the motor speed of your drives. Or, you 
can even use the Speed Test to adjust the drive 
speed. No need for any test equipment! 



PROTECT YOUR DATA. 

Now you can make sure your data is being 
recorded properly by the use of the revolutionary 
Memory Minder. 

The Memory Minder from J & M Systems, tests 
your disk's performance and calibration without 
any additional equipment! It measures your 
disk's performance and displays it on your 
screen. 

This is the most comprehensive disk diagnostic 
program available for your TRS-80 microcomputer. 
Vbu can even adjust drive alignment while watchin 
the display! / 

Spot problems before they endanger your data! 
If you own a disk drive, you need the Memory 
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Use the MM Radial Alignment Test to check the 
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Use the Quick Test to quickly and automatically 
test five of the most important performance 
parameters of your drive. Monitor your drives 
for long term drift. Isolate problems quickly and 
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TRS-80 Model 111/4 

1 - 48 tpi Single Side (Standard) 

2 - 48 fpi Double Side 

3 - 96 tpi Double Side $129 
Includes 48 tpi & 96 tpi program diskettes 

TRS-80 Model -I 

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TRS-80 Color Computer and TDP-100 

1 - 48 tpi Single Side (Standard) $79 

2 - 48 tpi Double Side $99 

MM also available for other models 
J & M SYSTEMS IS THE DRIVING FORCE! 



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SIDE TRACKS / by Eric Maloney 



Spring Cleaning 
At 80 Micro 



Spring is a time for housecleaning, 
so that's what we're doing. We've 
added a column, let two old ones go, 
and added several features. 

The new column, premiering this 
month, is called Spreadsheet Beat. It 
focuses, as the name implies, on 
spreadsheets. We'll be giving you tem- 
plates, utilities, and hints for whatever 
package you use, including VisiCalc, 
Multiplan, PerfectCalc, and Super- 
Calc. The column will apply to you no 
matter what kind of TRS-80 you own. 

We hope this will be a reader's for- 
um, and we invite you to submit your 
own templates and tips. Turn to p. 106 
and see what it's all about. 

The two columns you'll no longer 
see are 2000 Plus and BBS Express. 

April was the last month for 2000 
Plus. We decided to end it for one ma- 
jor reason: The Model 2000 has never 
caught on with 80 Micro readers. The 
number of readers owning Model 
2000s has hung at around 3.5 percent 
since mid- 1984, which puts the ma- 
chine dead last, trailing even the Pock- 
et and Color Computers. We could no 
longer justify running a column that 
97 percent of our readers can't use. 

Author John B. Harrell will, how- 
ever, continue to submit occasional 
reviews of noteworthy Model 2000 
products. 

Also finishing its run, with this 
issue, is BBS Express, our series on 
writing your own bulletin board sys- 
tem. Authors J. Stewart Schneider 
and Charles E. Bo wen have provided 
all of the program's modules, and fol- 
lowers of the column now have a fully 
operational BBS. Those of you who 
actively call electronic bulletin boards 
will undoubtedly run into a few in- 
stalled systems. 

Back to new features. In June, 
you'll see the debut of a monthly col- 
lection of capsule reviews called Ex- 
press Checkout. These quickies have 
two purposes. First, we can tell you 




about new products earlier than we 
could with full-length reviews. And 
second, we can give you our impres- 
sions of products that might not other- 
wise make the regular review pages. 
These include specialized software, 
MS-DOS software, and new releases 
of older packages. 

In the regular Reviews section, we've 
started a new feature called Counter- 
point. A Counterpoint comprises sev- 
eral minireviews to supplement a fea- 
ture review. You've already seen one, 
accompanying the Tandy 1200 review 
in March. If you missed it, check out 
the Counterpoint that goes along with 
this month's DeskMate review (p. 34). 

Counterpoints will give you a sec- 
ond, third, and fourth opinion of a 
major product. Sometimes the 
Counterpoint authors will agree with 
the first reviewer; other times we ex- 
pect that they won't. In either case, 
you'll get a better idea of how good (or 
bad) a product really is. 

Coming Up 

The feature articles are, of course, 
the bread and butter of 80 Micro. 
We've got a well-rounded line-up over 
the next few months. 

June's cover story will be for Model 
1000 owners only. We commissioned 
technical editor Dave Rowell, who 
wrote the Model 1000 review in April, 



to put together a collection of hints, 
tips, and patches for that system. 

For July, we're working on a guide 
to bulletin board systems for TRS-80 
owners. This will not, however, be 
your ordinary list of phone numbers. 
We're calling hundreds of boards all 
across the country, from which we'll 
select only the dozen or so best. We'll 
tell you which ones to go to for public 
domain software, for technical infor- 
mation, and for expert advice from 
other TRS-80 users. We don't intend 
to be in the office the day the phone 
bill comes in, but we think it's worth 
the expense to let you know about 
some of the most valuable contacts in 
the computer world today. 

August's feature will be "Getting 
Back to Basic," in which we'll focus 
on Basic programming techniques. Of 
particular interest to Model 4 owners 
will be a look at the advantages of 
Model 4 Basic over Model III Basic, in- 
cluding a study of such Model 4 com- 
mands as While. . .Wend and Swap. 

We'll highlight September with a 
piece on transferring files between dif- 
ferent microcomputers. What's the 
best way, for instance, to get a Model 
4 data base file over to the Model 
1000? How can you convert Model III 
Basic programs into Model 4 Basic? 
We'll look at a number of different 
ways you can do these jobs and others. 

Other articles we're working on in- 
clude a MacPaint work-alike for the 
III and 4 hi-res boards, a sort gener- 
ator for the Model III, part II of Andy 
Levinson's popular "Patch Work," a 
comparison of word processors for 
the TRS-80 and Tandy computers, 
and a round-up of easy hardware 
upgrades you can do yourself. 

By the way, some of these article 
ideas came from readers through let- 
ters, phone calls, and surveys. When 
we ask for your advice, we mean it. 
Let us know if there's something 
you'd particularly like to see. ■ 



8 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Nostalgia 

CalTiom 





I U 

CKctHcer'N) Medium 

ULT4 

Circle 91 on Reader Service card 



INCISED TRAJAN 
PJjTirJe iE«igi/5sh 

Pump 

ROMAN 



Pretoria** 

celtxc 

Playbill 




These were printed by DOTWRITER on an Epson MX 80. 



See What You Can Do With 
DOTWRITER 4.0! 

Now available for the Model 4, too! 



*•• 



• • 

80 M/CflO, 

June, 



1985} 



DOTWRITER lets you create 
spectacular, eye-catching 
letterheads, catalogs, invita- 
tions, or even books. It is just what 
you need to turn your dot-matrix print- 
er into a versatile typesetting ma- 
chine. And it's available for the Model 
4 (yes. in native mode) as well as for 
the Models I and III. 

What is DOTWRITER? 

DOTWRITER uses the "bit-inv 
age graphics" of your printer to 
produce the kinds of stunning re- 
sults shown inside the box. It is a 

full-function text printing program, so 
you can inter-mix different character 
sets, do centering, paragraphs, pagi- 
nation, magnification, draw horizon- 
tal and vertical lines, reversals (white 
on black), and even print right-justi- 
fied proportional text. 

DOTWRITER includes the printing 
program, complete documentation, 
and fourteen useful sets of typefaces 
(60 to 90 characters in each set). We 
will include the 160 page Letterset Ref- 
erence Summary at half-price ($10.00) 
with your order. 

Tc use DOTWRITER, just write your 
text with any popular TRS-80 Word 
Processor, add the necessary format- 




ting commands, and DOTWRITER will 
do the rest. 

35 more disks are available 
separately. Each 
has 3-12 complete 
typefaces (60-95 
characters in 
each set). 
These disks cost 
less than $25 each, 
and may be pur- 
chased at any time. 

If you want to create your own 
logos, modify our typefaces, or even 
design entirely new typefaces, then 
you will also want to order the "Letter- 
set Design System" (LDS). We offer LDS 
at half-price when you order it along 
with DOTWRITER. LDS operates in 
Model III mode on the Model 4. 

Versions are available for Epson MX -80 
with Graftrax, MX-100 with Graftrax-Plus, 
RX-80, FX-80, C. ITOH 8510/1550. Microline 
84/92/93; Radio Shack's DMP series 200- 
2100. CGP-220 & Gemini 10X. 15X. Please 
specify printer and computer! 

Our print samples were done on an Ep- 
son. Sizes vary on other printers. Some of 
the samples shown here are taken from the 
additional Letterset disks. 

Two disk drives and at least 48K of mem- 
ory are required. LDS is not available in 
native Model 4 mode. 



Send for free print samples! 

We've only shown you a few of the 230 
DOTWRITER fonts. If you want the 
best in graphics printing, we suggest 
you order DOTWRITER today, toll-free. 

Please specify printer and computer 
when ordering. 



DOTWRITER 




(Models I. Ill) 


$79.95 


DOTWRITER (Model 4) 


99.95 


Letterset Design Systerr 


i 39.95 


Special: DOTWRITER 




and LDS 


99.95 


Additional Letterset 




disks (4-12 per disk) 


24.95 


Letterset Reference 




Summary 


20.00 



ORDER NOW. TOLL-FREE 
(800) 824-7888, oper. 422 

PROSM?. 

Dept. C. Box 560. No. Hollywood. CA 91603 
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Most orders liHed within one day 




The Premier Word Processor for 
Your TRS-80 Model I, III, or 4 




We are proud to offer you 
the one Word Processor 
that will satisfy all your 
writing needs: ALLWRITE. It sets 
new standards for text editing and 
printing, and will give new life to 
your TRS-80. Let us tell you why. . . 
In an attempt to push the public 
into expensive 16-bit computers, many 
manufacturers have been saying that 
the TRS-80 is obsolete. The truth is that 
the software, not the hardware, makes 
the difference. And the best word proc- 
essor of all is now available onJy on 
the humble TRS-80, not on those ex- 
pensive 16-bit machines! 

ALLWRITE is based on the proven 
methods that made NEWSCRIPT the 
most popular independently produced 
TRS-80 word processor, but it also has 
the speed and new features our cus- 
tomers have asked us for. ALLWRITE 
will save you time and let you produce 
the highest -quality, most professional- 
looking letters, term papers, and re- 
ports available on a micro-computer. 

Allwrite Can Save You Time! 

Reads a 25.000 character file (10 
printed pages) from disk in SIX SEC- 
ONDS... does a global search-and- 
replace in FOUR SECONDS . . . outruns 
even the fastest popular micro-printer. 



ALLWRITE'S Screen 

Handling Makes Word 

Processing Easier 

Than Ever 

Change text width at any time; 
wide lines shift left and right as you 
type. ALLWRITE preserves double- 
blanks between sentences, uses the 
entire screen for text, and displays a 
complete Status Screen at the touch of 
a key. Scroll by line, partial screen, full 
screen, to top or end of file, or to any 
marked point. Move cursor by charac- 
ter, word. tab. line, or screen. 

You can set and change on-screen 
tabs and store them on disk. The print- 
time tabbing features are incredibly 
versatile: they allow left, right, and 
centered tabs, and even line up your 
decimal points. 

ALLWRITE shows you where you 
forgot to turn off underlin- 
ing, boldface, italics, or 
double-width. Special on- 
screen Preview feature 
shows page breaks and 
page layouts . . . including 
underlining and boldface 
. . . without annoying blink- 
ing or screen flicker. In 
"Summary" mode, ALL- 
WRITE quickly flags for- 
matting errors without 



These were printed by ALLWRITE: 
shown 20% actual site. 

wasting time printing all the text. 
These standard features make docu- 
ment preparation faster and easier 
than ever! 

State-Of-The-Art 
File Handling 

There is no upper-limit on docu- 
ment size with ALLWRITE. because it 
chains files backwards as well as for- 
wards, even across diskettes. Switch 
from one chained file to another in less 
than six seconds by pressing two keys. 
Select portions of other files for inclu- 
sion at print time... great for stock 
paragraphs. 

ALLWRITE salvages text from bad 
disks! If a sector goes bad, you won't 
lose the entire file, because it will skip 
bad sectors, read the rest of the file. 



TAKES FULL ADVANTAGE OF YOUR 
MODEL 4. 

The model 4 version of ALLWRITE uses 
the entire 80-by-24 screen. On a 64K ma- 
chine, you can edit over 34,000 charac- 
ters of text. On a 128K machine, you can edit 
THREE FILES AT THE SAME TIME! The 
second and third files can be over 32.600 char- 
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characters of text in memory. 









and then show you where the lost text 
belongs. This advanced error recovery 
turns a disaster into a feeling of pro- 
found relief. 

User- Definable Soft Keys 
Reduce Typing Time 

You can store 22 phrases or com- 
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press just two keys to retrieve them. 
This makes frequently -used phrases 
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You can store these definitions on disk 
and build a library of hundreds of pre- 
programmed keys to fit every one of 
your applications. 

Our specially-designed templates 
fit right on your keyboard to let you see 
your settings at all times. Each tem- 
plate is also a Reference ("Cue") Card, 
so it is always right in front of you 
when you need it. without using up 
valuable screen space. 

ALLWRITE Is Easy To Learn 

ALLWRITE's commands and con- 
trol keys are easy to remember be- 
cause they use the first letters of 
common English words: 'CE' stands for 
'Center,' 'Search' and 'Replace' do just 
that, and so forth. The on-line HELP 
menu offers over fifty screens of topics. 

NEWSCRIPT's documentation was 
acclaimed in every review, and 
ALLWRITE's 350-page book is even bet- 
ter. Portions of it are designed for be- 
ginners, with every feature clearly 
explained in step-by-step tutorial 
style. Since you won't always be a be- 
ginner, other parts of the book offer ad- 
vanced topics. There is a cross- 
reference summary chapter, a 14-page 
comprehensive index, and a detailed 
Table of Contents. We've been devel- 
oping computer programs and man- 
uals for over 20 years, and understand 
the importance of good documentation. 

To make installation easy, we in- 
clude Tiny DOSPLUS for the Models I 
and III, and special, pre-tailored ver- 
sions of both TRSDOS 6.2 and DOS- 
PLUS IV for the Model 4, all at no extra 
charge. The Model I and III versions 
work equally well with all major 
DOS's. 

PROSOFT'S On-Going 
Customer Support 

Perhaps the best reason of all for 
having ALLWRITE is the continuing 
support we offer you: friendly, expert, 
direct support that is unsurpassed in 
the micro-computer industry. There is 
no time limit to our support: if you are 
our customer and you need help, just 
call or write. We give free updates for 
90 days, and charge little or nothing 
for minor updates thereafter. 



Customer Comments 

"This is the best software package 1 
have ever received . . .superb, easy to 
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the business word-processor at the 
office: (E.R.L.) 

"ALLWRITE is a professional system 
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cessing. It's powerful and easy to learn 
and use." 

80 MICRO. Nov.. 1984 

"Your company and products have 
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TRS-80!" (J.R.H.) 

"NEWSCRlPTis the Cadillac of word 
processors. ALLWRITE is the Mercedes 
Benzll" <B.E.) 

". . .a very readable manual? (D.S.) 



BENEFITS OF OWNING 
• * ALLWRITE * * 



// Word Processing is important to 
you, PROSOFT's ALLWRITE is the best 
choice you can make. The clean, pro- 
fessional appearance it adds to your 
letters and reports will make an excel- 
lent impression on people. We will be 
happy to send you free print samples 
so that you can see for yourself how 
good ALLWRITE will make you look. 

You probably know that quality 
word processors for CP/M and the IBM- 
PC sell for $300-500. and they don't 
have ALLWRITE's capabilities or speed 
...or PROSOFT's proven, on-going 
support. Now, for a fraction of the cost 
of a new computer, you can have the 
most complete word processor of all. 
And you won't have the headaches of 
starting all over again with a new. 
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Note to college students: with its 
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features. ALLWRITE is ideal for your 
reports and Term papers. 



HUNDREDS OF USEFUL 
CAPABILITIES 

ALLWRITE comes with just about 
every useful word processing feature 
...standard. Here are some high- 
lights: excellent right-justified pro- 
portional printing on most printers 
having that ability; powerful Form Let- 
ter and Mailing Label preparation; In- 
stant counts oi words, characters, 
lines, changes; block Move, Copy. De- 
lete, Putfile, Getfile. and List: delete 
by character, word, line, sentence, 
paragraph, or block; insert and one- 
key insert; great RS-232 printer sup- 
port; accepts all 256 ASCII codes from 
keyboard; intermix pitches on same 
line (printer-dependent); 1.5 line spac- 
ing. 6, 7. 8, 12 lines per inch (printer- 
dependent); does multiple-columns on 
all printers; perfect alignment of hang- 
ing indents; variables, logic state- 
ments, conditional printing; wildcard 
Directories; integrated with Electric 
Webster and DOTWRITER for Models I. 
Ill, and 4 (these are sold separately); 
"Legal" line numbering; paragraph, 
list, and figure numbering; supports 
most popular printers (all "printer driv- 
ers" included); compatible with high- 
memory drivers; fully explains all 
DOS and ALLWRITE error messages; 
wildcard search -replace; tabs, search- 
replace, other settings remembered 
across files; word reversal; up to nine 
levels of boldface; flexible page titles; 
footnotes at bottom of page or end of 
document; Table of Contents and In- 
dex generation; and PROSOFT's un- 
matched text formatting and printing 
capabilities. 



Circle 30 on Reader Service card 



Attention NEWSCRIPT Owners 

You can trade in your copy of NEW- 
SCRIPTat very substantial savings. 
Please call our technical line for 
details How T<) Qrder 

You can order by phone or mail. For 
quickest delivery, call our Technical 
Support line. Please specify your TRS- 
80 model (I, III. or 4. 48K. at least two 
disk drives), and your printer(s). Our 
price includes normal shipping in the 
U.S. and Canada. The sooner you or- 
der, the sooner you will begin to bene- 
fit from the ALLWRITE! Word Processor. 

*249.95 $1 99.95 



ORDER NOW. TOLL-FREE 

(800) 824-7888, oper. 422 








® 



Box 560. No. Hollywood. CA 91603 
(818) 764-3131 for Technical Information and Same-Day Processing. 

Term*: VISA, MasterCard, checks. C.O.D. California residents please add sales tax. 
Most orders Riled within one day. 



INPUT 



2000 Update 

In his November 1984 column, 
John Harrell (2000 Plus, p. 174) 
makes it clear that he's not satisfied 
with our conversion utility, Convert 
2000. While that's his right as a re- 
viewer, we feel that his negative com- 
ments aren't justified. For example, 
Harrell complains that Convert 2000 is 
slow without regard to the reasons 
behind this lack of speed; our utility 
searches for key words one line at a 
time, rather than checking for token 
codes. 

Harrell also reacts negatively when 
he discovers that the program won't 
change PRINT @ statements with vari- 
ables in the arguments. The documen- 
tation clearly states that it's not always 
possible to convert all statements to 
their exact equivalents. Convert 2000 
flags down any statement that's not 
directly convertible and offers sugges- 
tions as to how the programmer can 
work around the problem. Convert 
2000 is one of the most flexible con- 
version programs available and has 
saved us valuable time when transfer- 
ring our Model I files over to the 
Model 2000. 

Dave Dischert and Dan Keen 

Software Horizons 

Cape May, NJ 

Positive Thinking 

I'll grant that the heyday of TRS-80 
market mania has peaked, yet let's not 
overlook the beneficial effects of a 
dwindling marketplace. For example, 
many of the less reputable dealers are 
now extinct while quality-conscious 
companies continue to support their 
winning programs and develop new 
and exciting products as well. These 
dedicated people should be praised in 
the highest terms as they represent 
computing at its best. Hang on to your 
Radio Shack hackbox; the sun hasn't 
set on the TRS-80 market yet. 

Warren R. Morrisett 
Bronx, NY 




QED Reports 

In Pulse Train (January 1985, p. 
24), Bradford N. Dixon refers to re- 
cent Quality Education Data (QED) 
reports on computer to student ratios 
in large school districts. Perhaps 
you'd like to hear from some of the 
less populated areas. 

A neighboring elementary district 
has a current ratio of 12 students to 1 
computer. We have a ratio of 16:1 in 
our kindergarten to eighth grade ele- 
mentary school and 7:1 in our high 
school. The Office of Public Instruc- 
tion for the state of Montana gives a 
statewide ratio of 33:1 for their most 
recent statistic. 

Keep reading these reports and 
passing on the statistics. I enjoy your 
column as well as the rest of the mag- 
azine. 

GaryL. Webber 
Fromberg, MT 

State of the Art 

There seems to be a lot of publicity 
lately on the new Tandy Model 1000. 
With this new machine, we're told, 
Radio Shack has finally rectified the 
things it did wrong with earlier TRS- 
80s. But in all the enumerations of 
Tandy's "new look," a major factor 
in its earlier problems has been over- 
looked. 

The missing factor is quality control 
and service. The original TRS-80 



didn't become known as a "trash-80" 
just from poor marketing, as one is led 
to believe from recent editorials on 
this issue. Every reader of 80 Micro 
should be familiar with the problems 
plaguing the Model I's Expansion In- 
terface connectors that could have 
been avoided if Radio Shack gold- 
plated them in the first place. 

This summer, I decided to upgrade 
to the Model 4 for a number of rea- 
sons, not the least of which was my 
impression that Radio Shack had im- 
proved its quality control. Wrong. It 
took three trips to the Fort Worth 
service center to get my machine fixed, 
and even then they managed to lose 
my packing case. 

What has all this got to do with the 
Model 1000? Just this: It's built by the 
same company that built my TRS-80s, 
and it'll be serviced by the same people 
who've fouled up practically every 
time I've had contact with them. Un- 
less Radio Shack is going to make a 
serious effort to upgrade its standards 
of manufacture and service, all the 
marketing savvy in the world won't 
win back the market share it once pos- 
sessed in the microcomputer world. 

Gary W. Shanafelt 
Abilene, TX 

Something Different 

After buying a TRS-80 Model 4 
computer, I realized the machine had 
an intermittent rebooting problem, re- 
sulting in lost data. The problem con- 
tinued even after servicing. 1 wrote to 
Radio Shack who, to my delight and 
surprise, replaced the computer. 

I don't know how often this hap- 
pens, but it's nice to know that this 
kind of concern is available from both 
Radio Shack and its dealers. 

Marvin Weinberg 
New York, NY 

Send Correspondence to Input, c/o 
80 Micro, 80 Pine St., Peterborough, 
NH 03458. 



12 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



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See Artificial Intelligence at work! 

It you want to show off your computer, run "Doctor SIGMUND" and see their 
expressions as your TRS-80 has an intelligent conversation with you. 
If you have a VS-100 voice synthesizer. Sigmurd actually talks back to you 
Even YOU will be impressed $29.95 
Doctor SIGMUND for Models ". : II and 4 (48K required), available on disk only 




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Send questions or problems dealing 
with any area of Tandy/Radio Shack 
microcomputing to Feedback Loop, 
80 Micro, 80 Pine St., Peterborough, 
NH 03458. 

QHOur religious order uses a 
■Model III and a Model 4 with 
Scripsit and LeScript and a Daisy 
Wheel II printer. I've noticed a cross 
character in the lowercase section of 
the daisy wheel. I've tried, but can't 
come up with the right combination of 
keys to print this character. Could you 
help us? (Rt. Rev. George E. Boyn- 
ton, Seattle, WA) 

AH The cross's character code is 
■ 168. If you check your Le- 
Script documentation, you'll find 
special key combinations to embed 
this character in your printouts. On 
the screen display, though, you'll see 
one of the TRS-80 graphics char- 
acters, not the cross. 

Unfortunately, Scripsit doesn't sup- 
port characters that you can't type in 
from the keyboard. 

QbDo you know where I can get 
■daisy wheels for my Radio 
Shack DWP-210 printer that offer 
a wide variety of typefaces and that 
are compatible with SuperScripsit? 
(Daniel E. Roth, Grass Valley, CA) 

AH Your problem is finding print- 
■ wheels for the DWP-210, not 
compatibility with SuperScripsit. As 
yet, I haven't been able to locate a 
third-party source of printwheels for 
any Radio Shack daisy-wheel printers. 
I keep hoping that one of the print- 
wheel manufacturers win get on the 
ball and tackle the Radio Shack 
market. As soon as I find one, I'D 
mention it in this column. 

QhI have a Model 4 with dual 
■disk drives and a null modem 
with an RS-232 cable connected to a 




Model 12. My problem is converting 
programs from the Model 12 over to 
disk storage on the Model 4. 

So far I've been able to get the 
Model 4 into the communication 
mode using the CO MM program, but 
I can't get the Model 12 to send or re- 
ceive files. Can you help? (Jonathan 
C. Hall, Greenfield, MA) 

A ■First, can you get the com- 
■ puters to transmit anything to 
each other? If you can't, your prob- 
lem might be the hardware connec- 
tion between the machines or your 
communications software. COMM 
should give you everything you need 
for the Model 4. On the Model 12, 
make sure you're using the correct 
RS-232 port (that is, that you have the 
software sending the data to the RS-232 
port connected to your Model 4). 

Once you're sure of your hardware 
connections, concentrate on software. 
Set both computers to the same pa- 
rameters. Set baud rate to 300 at first, 
word length to 7; and stop bits to 1. 
Parity can be even, odd, or none, just 
as long as both computers use the 
same parity, and have the same proto- 
col enabled, usually XON/XOFF. 

If some characters transmit cor- 
rectly, but others don't, change your 
parity, word length, or stop bits. If the 
baud rate is wrong, you'll get garbage 
characters on both ends. Keep experi- 



menting with the parameters until you 
get reliable communication between 
the two computers. 

Now start increasing the baud rate 
of both computers (no reason to waste 
time at slower rates). However, 
be warned that 19,200 baud rarely 
works out. 

Once you're satisfied with these op- 
erations, start on your programs. You 
must send Bask programs in ASCII 
format (saved as FILE NAME.A). 
Since ASCII expands program lines, 
you might get a direct statement error 
message when you try to reload the 
file, indicating that a line is too long. If 
so, you'll have to break down the of- 
fending line. 

Open a storage file on the destina- 
tion computer and send the ASCII file 
to it. Then exit the telecommunica- 
tions program and load the file into 
Basic. It should load properly. If it 
does, all you have to do is modify the 
program for the new computer and get 
to work. If you want to send a ma- 
chine-language program, things really 
get complicated. First, both comput- 
ers must use the same central process- 
ing unit (CPU). Second, you have to 
change all the input and output 
routines to match the new computer's 
input and output locations. Third, you 
need special software to transmit and 
receive these programs, and you must 
set your RS-232 word size to 8 bits, no 
parity. 

QH I bought one of the newer ver- 
■ sions of the Model 4, which has 
clustered arrow keys and a green CRT. 
In Model m mode, the screen has good 
brightness, but in Model 4 mode, the 
screen is dimmer by half, even with the 
brightness control on full. 

When I wrote to Radio Shack in 
Fort Worth, they told me they were 
aware of the problem, but had no 
authorized solution. I've installed one 
of Langtey-St. Clair's green CRTs in a 
friend's Model 4, and Langle/s in- 



14 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Check these features: 

Talker 2.0 and Talker 4.0 software: 

Iff Unlimited translation of English text to 

clear speech. 
H Powerful video or keyboard echo can be 

. switched on or off at any time. 
H Can be used in BASIC with 2 new commands: 

PRINT* "I can talk" speaks any expression. 

PRINT! "Hello" speaks and prints on screen. 
m Reads numbers up to 999 trillion. 
Speaks many abbreviations, such as Mrs., 

Mr., lb., oz., Co., etc. 
□ Walks the dog. 
[?f Many control codes to tailor the system to 

your wishes. (Pitch, speed, etc.) 
tf Only 6 1 AK long. 
[?f Talker relocates itself into available high 

memory. Compatible with any DOS(notCPM) 

The VS-1 00 hardware : 

\$ Same performance as very expensive units. 

t?f Super efficient: About 50 bytes per sentence. 

Of Handsome speaker module included. 

[^ Detailed 48 page manual. 

[?I Ready to plug in and talk right away. 

Kf Uses the famous Votrax SC-01 with 4 pitch 

levels and automatic inflection. 
& Built in audio amplifier with volume control. 




fU V« ,,e poWe' ful 

with the vs-ioo voice synthesizer 




The VS-1 00 system. (Model I shown) 



69 



95 



Includes: 
-VS-1 00 synthesizer 

- Speaker 

- Power supply 

- Manual 




Specify Model I, III, 4 or 4P. 

Model 4P needs short 50 pin extension cable 1 4.95 

TEXT-TOSPEECH SOFTWARE 

• Talker 2.0 for Models I and III 

On disk only 29.95 

• Talker 4.0 for Model 4. Includes Talker 2.0 
for Model III mode. On disk only 39.95 

• Text-to-Speech for tape users 1 9.95 

Small Print;* Model I unit plugs into keyboard or expansion 
interlace 40 pin bus. •Model lll,4,4P: unit plugs into 50-pin I/O bus. 
Model III VS-1 00 works with Model lll,4.4P. Use our"Y-cabies" (see next 
cage) it your bus is already used. 



The VS-IOO: You've never had so much fun with your TRS-80 

"The VS-1 00 and Talker 2.0 are a major 
accomplishment for such a low price" 

'The VS-100 does everything that Alpha 
claims, and does it surprisingly well." 

"It would be hard to find more value and fun." 

80-Micro (December 1984). 

You must agree or 

your money back ! 




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TRS-80 Models 
I, III, IV, 4-P 

Requires 48K. 2 Disk Drives 

$199.95 
1-800-433-5355 

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FEEDBACK LOOP 



stnictions mention that the internal 
brightness control is labeled VR303 
and has a resistor labeled VR320 in 
series with it. They say soldering a 1 
mega-ohm resistor in parallel with 
VR320 should correct the dimness. Do 
you think this solution will work on 
my CRT? Do you have any other sug- 
gestions? (W.T., Fostoria, OH) 

A I First, check to see if the 
■catalog number (not the serial 
number) on the bottom of your com- 
puter has the letter "A" after it. If the 
A is missing, you have an old version 
of the Model 4 with a new keyboard 
and Radio Shack does have a fix. It in- 
volves cutting an integrated circuit 
(IQ pin on the logic board and jum- 
pering it to another IC. If an A follows 
your catalog number, this fix won't 
work. 

Langley-St. Clair's solution mod- 
ifies the contrast control in the Model 
4's video board, and should work on 
your Model 4 if it has a VR320 
resistor. 

If you have a new Model 4, without 
a VR320 on the video board, I'm 
afraid you're out of luck. 

The difference in brightness has to 
do with the area the monitor's elec- 
tron beam must cover each second 
and how often it covers this area. The 
Model 4-mode screen is about 40 per- 
cent larger, decreasing the amount of 
time the beam stays on any one pixel. 
In fact, on my Lobo Max-80, the dif- 
ference is such that I can't use certain 
DOSes in 80-column mode; it rolls 
continuously. When I stabilize it for 
80-column, it's unstable in 64-col- 
umn mode. 

Q>A Japanese exchange student 
■ in my computer operations 
class must compose a letter on a word 
processor to fulfill the class require- 
ments. Her family at home doesn't 
read or speak English. 

Do you know of a patch to disk 
Scripsit 1.0 or 3.2 that lets you use the 
Japanese Kana alphabet in ROM? 
Failing that, does anyone know of a 
word processing program that does? 
We use Model III computers. (James 
Patterson, Fremont High School, Fre- 
mont, MI) 

AB I don't know of any word pro- 
■cessors that do what you want. 
Can anyone else help? Unfortunately, 



finding a word processor that uses the 
Kata Kana character set is only half 
the battle; you also need a printer that 
can print the characters. 

Qm Following a suggestion in 
■ your column, I wrote to 
Microhatch about the possibility of 
installing their BIGMEM Model I 
upgrade on my PMC 81. Microhatch 
said the upgrade should work if my 
PMC shared certain hardware fea- 
tures with the Model I. However, not 
being much of a hardware hacker, 
I'm still not sure it's feasible to install 
BIGMEM. Can you advise me? (Dr. 
L. Piacenza, Republic of Transkei, 
Southern Africa) 

A ■ I've been unable to track 
■ down a PMC hardware man- 
ual, so I can't check out the sche- 
matics. Has anyone out there in- 
stalled the Microhatch BIGMEM on 
a PMC computer? 

Q|I have five Radio Shack Level 
■ I game cassettes that I'd like to 
convert to Level II for my Model III. 
Can you help me? (Jean-Pierre Gug- 
genheim, Bryn Mawr, PA) 

Ah Radio Shack used to include a 
■conversion cassette with the 
Level II upgrade. Unfortunately, 
these tapes are no longer available 
from Radio Shack's National Parts 
division, but you might be able to find 
one through a local Radio Shack 
store. Or, if a reader has a conversion 
tape he or she doesn't need, please let 
me know. 

Q|I went to several Radio Shack 
■stores and a Computer Center 
trying to find out if it's possible to 
dump Model III/4 graphics to a 
DMP-200 printer using control keys, 
or if I need a special program. At three 
Radio Shack stores, they didn't know 
what I was talking about. At another 
store, I was told I needed a special 
program. 

At the Computer Center, they said I 
could dump graphics by pressing the 
down-arrow, asterisk, and shift keys 
on the Model III, or CTRL and the 
colon on the Model 4. I tried this, but 
it didn't work. I'm very confused. Can 
you help me? (Kevin Stuebner, Read- 
ing, PA) 



A ■Sorry, those Model III and 4 
■screen dump commands work 
only for ASCII characters. Printing 
graphics characters requires a printer 
that duplicates the Radio Shack char- 
acter set from 32-256, or a printer capa- 
ble of dot graphics and special software 
to send your graphics to the printer. 

You won't find a printer that dupli- 
cates the Model III or 4 graphics char- 
acters. Finding driver software for dot- 
graphic printers is also a problem, since 
different printers use different encoding 
methods. Aggravating the problem are 
differences in printer resolution. Send- 
ing data in seven-pin chunks to a nine- 
pin printhead causes all kinds of 
problems. 

The only way to get special video 
graphics printed out is to use a screen- 
dump program matched to your specific 
printer. Otherwise you must be content 
with the ASCII routines buih in to the 
Model III and Model 4 DOSes. 

QH My Model III just went 
■ kaput. I can't get TRSDOS 
disks to boot up. The drives turn for a 
few seconds, then stop. Everything 
else seems OK. Please help me pin- 
point the problem. (Horace A. 
L'Heureux, Springhill, FL) 

AB It sounds as if your disk con- 
troller board is out. The best 
solution is to take your computer to 
Radio Shack and have them check out 
the board. The problem could be as 
simple as a bad capacitor or as com- 
plex as an entirely blown board. 

Qlln the September 1984 issue 
■ (p. 18), you wrote that Tandy's 
double-density board isn't compatible 
with most double-density DOSes. 
Since some of us with the Tandy board 
wouldn't mind forsaking TRSDOS 
2.8 DD for more widely used DOSes, 
do you know of a modification for the 
board to make it functionally similar 
to other doublers? (Gary Munson, 
San Francisco, CA) 

A (The problem is that Radio 
■Shack's board uses a different 
address scheme. To convert it would 
require rewiring the board to use 
standard port locations. 

Qal own a Model III and I have 
■several questions. When I print 
labels on my Radio Shack Daisy Wheel 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 17 



* * Logical Systems Gazette * * 



«1985, Logical Systems, Inc 



PC-OOS •*QVtr*4 *•**•*•»••» o> »OV Cvp 
TRtOOt ' I TW' ** HMMnvk of fantfy C«» 



LSI RELEASES 

NEW DATABASE 
MANAGER! 

"LITTLE BROTHER" NOW AVAILABLE FOR 
TRS-80 S MODEL 4/4P AND PC-DOS USERS 



Little Brother is a new data management 
system from Logical Systems, Inc. Unlike 
many other data managers, ease of use comes 
first with Little Brother. Many other systems 
seem to concentrate on making everyone a 
programmer first, and a data manager second. 
Others require the entry of 'hu-mung-ous' com- 
mand lines to achieve even the simplest of 
results. With Little Brother, you don't need to 
program ANYTHING or remember complicated 
command sequences to manage your data. 
Even for the most complex data management 
needs, Little Brother will produce results very 
quickly, often with just a few keystrokes. This 
is because EVERY function in Little Brother is 
menu driven and comes with complete on-line 
HELP information always at your fingertips. 

LSI believes that you should do what you do 
best (i.e. manage your data), and leave the 
'driving' to LSI. They've put all their design and 
programming expertise into Little Brother so 
that your data management needs can be 
satisfied quickly and 'painlessly.' Little 
Brother will handle almost any data base 
needs that you may have. Virtually the only 
limitation is your available disk space. 

Of course, you define the layout of your data 
records. Little Brother will handle up to 65534 
records, and each record can contain up to 
1024 bytes. Little Brother supports up to 64 dif- 
ferent data fields for each record, where each 
field may be from 1 to 254 bytes long. There are 
seven different types of data fields available. 

These are 

Alpha Only the letters A-Z.(a-z) and < spacer 

may be entered. 

Numeric Only digits (0-9), a period and a minus sign 

may be entered. 

Right Justified Same as numeric, except the value 

will be displayed and printed with 'leading spaces'. 

Literal Any ASCII character can be entered 

Dollar Allows entry of 'dollar - values, with up to eighl 

digits allowed to the left of the decimal point. 

Float Allows 'floating point' values to be entered, with 

B digits lo the left and right of the decimal point 

Calculated Allows calculations to be performed using 

any number' tield (i.e. Right Justified, Numeric, Dollar 

or Float). The calculation is user detmed, and may 

include addition, subtraction, multiplication and 

division. Calculations are precise up to sixteen 

significant digits. 

Defining a data base with Little Brother is 
simple. Just enter a descriptive name for each 
field, the type of field that is (e.g. "D" for 
Dollar, "L" for Literal, etc.) and the length of 




Little Brother — Sophisticated but Simple! 



the field. Little Brother even has provisions for 
defining a "Protected Field", so that the data 
for that field will not be displayed unless the 
proper "Password" is entered. Full editing 
capabilities are available when defining a data 
base. 

After the layout of your data is defined, all 
you need to do is establish a "screen", and you 
are ready to begin entering data! Again, you 
are in total control of how your data will be 
entered and displayed on the screen. Up to 10 
different screens may be used to display your 
data. 

After you have entered information, you may 
view or edit any record at any time. It is always 
a quick and easy operation to "Find" 
information with Little Brother. You can even 
create an "Index" to your data by sorting the 
information in any field (except calculated 
fields), so that your data records can be 
accessed in either "ascending" or 
"descending" order. Using an Index will allow 
you to find any piece of information within a 
matter of seconds, even if there are tens of 
thousands of data records in your data base! 

Once you have built a data base, you may 
wish to print the information. Simply define a 
print format, and Little Brother will print the 



records according to your specified format. Up 
to 10 different print formats may be created. 
Little Brother can handle almost any kind of 
print format, so that you can print directory- 
type listings (complete with headers/footers, 
date, time, page numbering, totals and sub- 
totals if desired), mailing labels (in single or 
multiple across format) and even form letters. 
As with any data-related operation when using 
Little Brother, you select what records get 
printed (according to your specified criteria). 
Records can be printed in "sorted" order as 
well, which is great for organizing your report 
(especially useful for "zip code" zoning). 

For 'automating' your processing needs, 
Little Brother can be run in an 'automatic' 
mode, without any operator intervention. 
Frequently used Little Brother procedures 
(such as selecting, sorting and printing 
records) can be saved for future use. Entire 
Job streams' may be produced, so that Little 
Brother operations may be intermixed with 
literally any DOS function that can be Batch 
Processed'. 

Speaking of DOSes, Little Brother is 
available for either the TRS-80 Model 4/4P 
under TRSDOS 6.2, or the IBM PC/PC 
Compatibles under PC/MS-DOS 2.0 and 



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Information Number (414) 355-5454 Shipping and Handling Not Included. 



operates virtually the same on either machine! 
As a matter of fact, data files created on one 
machine can be directly ported and used on the 
other machine (Note: Separate copies of Little 
Brother are required and the movement of data 
files from one machine to another is the sole 
responsibility of the user). 

Order L 50-510 for the Model 4/4P and 
L 86 510 for the IBM-PC. 

'NOTE: Hardware specificalions lor the Model 4 
are: minimum two (loppy disk drives and 128K ol RAM 
(Hard disk owners need only have 64K ol RAM and one 
lloppy disk drive). 

Hardware specifications lor the IBM-PC are. two 
floppy disk drives (or one hard disk and one floppy) 
and 128K 

Enhance TRSDOS 6.2 
BASIC With BEEP 

Are you tired of getting "Syntax Error" 
because you left out the space between 
"EDIT" and the line number? Remember all 
those handy editing features in LDOS 5.1 
BASIC (If you don"t. keep going "cause it gets 
better...) < Down Arrow > to list next program 
line and all that? Well, now you can have that 
convenience in TRSDOS 6 BASIC, along with 
better performance and additional program- 
ming aids. 

BEEP (BASIC Enhancement and Extension 
Package) from Logical Systems adds several 
enhancements to TRSDOS 06.02.00 BASIC. 
BEEP is designed exclusively to run on the 
TRS-80 Model 4/4P under this version of 
TRSDOS 6 (BASIC 01.01.00). 

BEEP provides single letter abbreviations 
for the following commands: AUTO, EDIT. 
DELETE and LIST. To use the abbreviation, 
simply enter the first letter of the appropriate 
command. Plus, when specifying a line 
number with these abbreviations, no space is 
required. Example: to edit line 20 of a program, 
just enter E20. 

In addition, BEEP provides "immediate com- 
mand keys". These are the "period", "comma" 
and "arrow" keys. These keys will act as "im- 
mediate commands" when pressed as the first 
entry on the BASIC command line. 

The immediate functions are: 



Key 



Function 



Comma Edit the current line 

Period List the current line 

Up Arrow List the previous program line 

Down Arrow List the next program line 

Lett Arrow List the first program line 

Right Arrow List the last program line 

Other enhancements found in BEEP are 
move" a program line to a different "place" in 
your program, "duplicate" a program line, and 
high speed program load and save. BEEP will 
load a 26K BASIC program in under six 
seconds, and save the same program in eight 
seconds. Compare this to unenhanced BASIC 
which takes twenty-five seconds to load the 
same program, and twenty-eight to save it. 
Order L-35-209 at $49. 

DSM4 — 

"THE" Disk Virtual 

Sort For Mod. 4/4P 

DSM4 is THE versatile Disk Sort utility for 
the Model 4 user and programmer. DSM4 is a 
high speed, disk virtual sorting utility which 
eliminates the burden of sorting from your ap- 
plications software development project. 
DSM4 will create and maintain index files for 
you. Since the sort is disk virtual, your only 
limitation is the amount of available disk 
space, not available memory. 

DSM4 can sort almost any type of field in a 
random access file. The length of each field 
may be up to 253 bytes. The field types that 
DSM4 will handle include compressed integer, 



single and double precision fields, in addition 
to ASCII data. Single and double precision 
numbers may be in the format used by Model 4 
Microsoft BASIC, or may be in the *C floating 
point format (as implemented by Manx AZTEC 
•C). 

With DSM4. disk files can be up to 65.535 
logical records, with an LRL of from 1 to 1024 
bytes. You may specify up to 24 select fields to 
determine which records will be included in 
the sort. Any type of relation (e.g. 'equal to', 
less than or equal to', etc.) may be applied to 
your selection criteria. In addition, logical 
operators (AND/OR) may be used. For in- 
stance: "sort by *ip all people with a last name 
of either Smith or Jones". Additional fields 
may also participate in the sort. Example: sort 
in zip order and alphabetically by name within 
the same zip. 

Sorting may be in either ascending or 
descending order. DSM4 may be instructed to 
skip records that match a user specified 
"deleted record" value. Optionally, a list of 
these "deleted" records may be written to a 
separate file. You may also save a "template" 
of the sort/select specifications to disk to 
automate the sort. This allows you to set up a 
sort operation that is transparent to even the 
non-sophisticated user. 

Perhaps the most impressive feature of 
DSM4 is the speed of the sort operation. Com- 
pare these statistics to the sorting method you 
are currently using: Select, sort and create an 
index of 1000 records. Selecting and sorting on 
a name, zip code and two double precision 
fields (a total of 41 characters in the sort key) 
will take less than thirty seconds from floppy 
disk, and under twenty on hard disk. 

DSM4 operates under TRSDOS 6.2.0 (not in- 
cluded), and is intended for use with user- 
developed applications software. Please note 
that DSM4 creates an index file, as opposed to 
actually re-ordering the records in the data file 
(though once an index file is created, re- 
ordering the records is a simple matter if 
desired). Order L-35-205 at $99. 

OVERDRIVE — 
For That 
"Extra Burst"! 

How would you like to squeeze that last ex- 
tra bit of speed out of your TRS-80 Model 4 or 
4P? OVERDRIVE will help you get that extra 
burst of performance from your 128K Model 
4/4P running under TRSDOS 6.2. 



* * Special * * 
Model 4 Edition 



OverDrive will perform dynamic track buffer- 
ing on up to two disk drives. Using a portion of 
your alternate memory, any time a sector of in- 
formation is requested from a buffered drive, 
the entire track will be read into memory. 
When additional sectors from the same track 
are requested, the information is transferred 
from memory instead of accessing the disk 
drive, a much faster process. 

In addition to drive buffering, all non-library 
system overlays (SYS1 through SYS5 and 
SYS9 through SYS12) will be placed in alter- 
nate memory for very fast access. 

Besides the performance increase purely 
due to memory buffering, there is usually addi- 
tional improvement because many fewer disk 
accesses will be required. Even on a hard drive 
system (with its normally fast access times) 
there will be noticeable improvement due to 
the fact that much less time will be spent mov- 
ing the read/write heads in between file ac- 
cesses. 

Also, with OverDrive resident a (very!) 
minimum system disk may be used as your 
system drive to maximize your available disk 
space. All this uses just 32K of your 64K alter- 
nate memory, so you can still use memDISK or 
the system SPOOLer if desired. 

Some typical speed increases: 

FED II search of a 28K file 

Without OD With OD Increase 

47 seconds 8 seconds 490% 

Load a 24K BASIC program 
Without OD With OD Increase 

23 seconds 15 seconds 53?'o 

Very Technical Note: OverDrive's speed 
increase will be tremendous when running a 
program that currently just misses the system 
sector interleave pattern. If you didn't 
understand that, don't worry as you don't have 
to understand such things to use OverDrive. 
Order L-35-220 at $99 



LSI Creates 
Special Mailing List! 

Logical Systems wants you on their mailing 
list! To this end, they are offering you a spot on 
the list of users to receive their publications. 
To take advantage of this offer, simply call 
1-800-248-3535 and give your name, address 
and model of TRS-80 computer. This is a TOLL 
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Pnce-5 and specification* tubfect lo change witnout notice 



FEEDBACK LOOP 



Printer II, I don't get an out-of-paper 
signal. I print 1100-1400 labels at a 
time, and Tandy now sells labels in 
1000-piece strips. Do you know how I 
can get this signal? 

Second, when I turn on my printer, it 
always prints an ornate symbol, so text 
starts one print position farther to the 
right than I want. This happens only 
when I first power up. Can I correct 
this? 

Third, do you know of a patch to let 
me use Alpha's joystick with Radio 
Shack's 13 Ghosts? 

Finally, I've found that the chess 
game, Sargon II, takes a long time to 
answer with its move in higher skill 
levels. I've read that people pit these 
chess programs against each other in 
tournaments where they time re- 
sponses, so I know it must be possible 
to speed up response time. Can you 
tell me how they do so and if it's feasi- 
ble for a home player like me? (Arthur 
Melanson, Audobon, NJ) 

An The older model DWP II 
■ printers do have the out-of- 
paper signal. On page 12 of my 
owner's manual for that printer, the 
instructions indicate that pin 12 of the 
connector transfers that signal to your 
computer. 

My DWP II printer was one of the 
first sold, way back in 1980. It has a 
metal rod that activates a pressure 
switch when the paper runs out. Get 
out your manual and examine the dia- 
gram of the interface signal pin assign- 
ments. If it indicates an out-of-paper 
line, then your printer does use that 
signal. All you need is the metal rod to 
attach to it. 

However, you can buy labels from 
most computer supply companies in 
boxes of 5,000 and 10,000. You can 
also use scotch tape to join paper from 
the end of one box to the beginning of 
another. 

I know exactly which symbol your 
printer prints on system power-up; 
I've seen it many times. The only way 
to escape it is to turn the printer on 
after you power-up the rest of the sys- 
tem. Other than that there's nothing 
you can do. The power-up sequence is 
in computer ROM and you can't easi- 
ly change that. 

Since 13 Ghosts is a machine-lan- 
guage program, patching it to use the 
Alpha joystick is a job best left to ex- 
pert programmers. You have to fix the 



keyboard scan routine to look at the 
port the joystick uses and react ac- 
cording to the values found there. Can 
anyone help? 

The chess tournaments are open to 
any and all computer-based chess- 
playing software, so you get every- 
thing from small micros to giant time- 
sharing systems. Most tournament 
sponsors heavily modify the micro- 
computers, usually by replacing the 
CPU with one running two or three 
times as fast. 

One Model I entry at a tournament 
three years ago used a Z80A running 
at 4 MHz, with most of the support 
chips replaced by much faster ver- 
sions. Since the Models I and III nor- 
mally operate at 1 .7 MHz, this change 
alone reduced response time. It also 
operated with a detached keyboard, 
since the CPU was in a special refrig- 
erated box for cooling purposes. 

Usually, these modifications are 
well beyond the capabilities of most 
computer owners. If you're really ser- 
ious, contact Holmes Engineering at 
5175 Greenpine Drive, Murray, UT 
84123. They make speed-up boards 
for the Models I and III. 

Q a I've been a TRS-80 user since 
■ the earliest days, and now use 
a Model 4 and a Model 100, as well as 
two much larger minis. I own many of 
the major software packages from Ra- 
dio Shack and a number from other 
suppliers. In short, I'm hardly a new- 
comer or a novice when it comes to 
microcomputing. 

I've lost track of the number of 
times I've read statements and adver- 
tising copy in magazines like 80 Micro 
to the effect that CP/M "opens the 
door to thousands of programs," 
many of which are in the public do- 
main. But now that I've purchased 
CP/M 3.0, I've had trouble finding 
specific information about CP/M 
software. 

How does one gain that often- 
touted access to CP/M software? 
(Thomas R. W. Longstaff, Water- 
ville, ME) 

AH See my answer to Rafael Sal- 
■ gado in the March 1985 col- 
umn (p. 18) for information about 
commercial and public-domain 
CP/M programs. Be aware, though, 
that Radio Shack's CP/M 3.0 uses a 
non-standard method of disk storage, 



so it can't read CP/M 2.2 data disks in 
any format. I'm sure someone is work- 
ing on a conversion utility, but until it 
becomes available, you'll have great 
difficulty transferring data between the 
two formats. 

QH Because my Model I caused in- 
terference with my amateur ra- 
dio station, I bought a used Model III, 
after being told the III had RFI (radio 
frequency interference) suppression 
that would solve the problem. This, 
however, was far from the truth. The 
noise around 21 MHz is so bad that I 
can't hear any stations. The noise 
seems to be radiated into the antenna 
directly from the computer. 

I have RFI filtering on the radio 
transceiver. When I remove the anten- 
na from the transceiver, most of the 
noise abates. 

When I opened up the computer, I 
saw no shield around the processor 
board. I thought all Model Ills had this 
shield. Is this shield available? Will it 
reduce the RF noise? What other 
changes or modifications do you re- 
commend to reduce interference? 
(Howard Eddy, Hermosa Beach, CA) 

AH Someone sure goofed on your 
■computer: All Model Ills are 
supposed to have that RFI shield in 
position before they leave the produc- 
tion line. You can get the shield at any 
Radio Shack Computer Center, al- 
though you might be able to talk the 
technician into giving you one since 
the computer didn't have one when 
you bought it. The shield will reduce 
significantly the RFI you notice in the 
ham shack. 

To decrease noise further, you'll 
have to get your soldering gun out and 
make sure that the grounding cables on 
the computer frame and shields are all 
solidly in place, with clean connections. 
If you really want to do a job on the 
computer, spray paint the interior of 
the Model III case with a metallic paint, 
then put bohs through the case and 
ground the bolts to the metal computer 
frame. When doing this, make sure you 
don't accidentally short out any con- 
nections or leads, and cover all exposed 
electrical joints with insulation. ■ 



Terry Kepner is a freelance writer 
and programmer, and an associate 
editor for 80 Micro. 



20 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Newclock-80 $69.95 



The right time at the right price! Keep the time and date with quartz accuracy, 
even when your computer is off. The backup lithium battery (included) will last 
for over 2 years. Software on tape or disk, please specify. Use "TIMESET" once 
to set the clock. Use "SETCLK" to set your computer's internal clock (at power 
up) or use "TSTRING" so that the "TIMES" function reads the Newclock 
Connection Model I plugs into the keyboard or expansion interface Model III plugs into the 
50-pm I/O bus. Compatible with all operating svstems. 




Printswitch $59.00 

Do you have 2 printers? Get a Printswitch. Stop plugging and unplugging 
those printer cables With the Printswitch, you can have 2 printers connected to 
your computer and you can select either one at the flick of a switch. Works with 
any printer, plotter, or device that uses the parallel printer port. Simply plug the 
14 inch Printswitch cable into your computer, and plug your existinq printer 
cables into the Printswitch. This is the nicest unit on the market. Superior quality 
board with gold plated edge connectors. For Models I. Ill, 4 and 4P 



Alpha Joystick $27.95 

When it's time for fun, don't be without your Alpha Joystick. Do you know 
that most action games are Joystick compatible 9 Stop pounding on your 
keyboard and enjoy real arcade control. The joystick can also be used with 
BASIC programs; simply do J=INP(0) to read the joystick position (8 directions 
and fire button). Model I: plugs into keyboard or expansion interface. Model III. 
4 and 4P: plugs into 50-pin I/O bus. The Alpha Joystick comes fully assembled 
and tested, ready to plug in and enjoy. (Specify Model I, or Model III.4). 

lnterfacer-80 $159.00 

Low cost input and output device. The outputs consist of 8 relays (rated 2 
Amp @1 25V), easily controlled using "OUT' commands. For example, OUT 0,0 
turns all the relays off. Eight LED's show the states of the relays. The 8 inputs 
are optically isolated, so it's safe and easy to connect external devices 
(switches, sensors, thermostats, etc ) Simple " I N P" commands read the inputs. 
Connection Modi 40pm bus Mod III, 4 4P requires 50-pin I/O bus converter ($39 95) plugs 
into 50-Din I/O bus. Comes complete with power supply cable, and detailed manual 
(Up to 8 interfacers can be connected to vour TRS-80 using our Y- cables) 

Analog-80 $139.00 

8 channel 8 bit Analog to Digital converter. Your TRS-80 can read voltages 
temperatures, pressures, light levels, etc ©Input range: to 5.1 Volts. 
• Resolution: 20mV. • Conversion time: 1 20 microseconds. In BASIC, you can 
take up to 1 00 readings per second. • Port address: selectable. Up to 8 Analog- 
80s can be connected to your TRS-80 for a total of 64 channels! 
Connection Model I 40 pin I/O bus Model III. 4. 4P: requires 50-pin bus adapter ($39.95). 
Comes complete with power supply cable and manual. 



Special Cables 

Disk drive extender cable (8")...C160:$9.95 

Y-CableforModlbus(40pin): •X2-40..S29 •X3-40...S44 »X4...$59 •X5..S74 
Y-Cable for Mod 3 & 4 bus (50-pin): • X2-50 $34 •X3-50..$49 • X4-50 $64 
Disk drive cable (34 pin): •2-drive...C162:$32 »4-drive . C163:$45 
Extension cable, 4 foot: • For printer and drive (34-pin)...C165:$22 

• For Mod I bus (40-pin)...C167:$24 • For Mod 3 & 4 bus (50-pin) ..C169:$28 
Keyboard to E/l (40-pin, 8").. C1 61: $21 It this is confusing, send for our Cable Flyer 

Our cables are made with high quality gold plated connectors to ensure utmost reliability 



NO RISK 

We know that ordering by mail can sometimes 
be a hassle but with Alpha, you are fully 
protected 

1 ) Our 1 5 day money back guarantee protecls 
you from disapointment 

2) All our products are tested on a TRS-80 and 
waranteed fo 90 days (parts & labor) 

3) We ship 90% of our orders within 24 hours 

4) We are committed to help you 



Green Screen $1 2.50 

Do your eyes a favor, put on a green 
screen. Tens of thousands are in use 
for a good reason: they work. Con- 
trast is enhanced and eye fatigue is 
greatly reduced Our green screen is 
curved: it fits right on the face of the 
tube. (Fits Models 1.11,111,4.12,16) 




THE 

GREEN 
SCREEN 



Circle 17 on Reader Service card. 



ALPHA 

79-04 Jamaica Ave. Woodhaven. NY 11421 



(718) 296-5916 



Toll Free Order Line 

800-221-0916 

Ordar, Only. MY 6 Into call 

(716) 296-5016. 

Hours: 9-6 Eastern Standard Tlma 



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And Handling We Accept Vita 
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APO. Add lO»i>.Deaier Discounts 
Available COD ac-d $3 00 M'a 



PULSE 



Things Are Tough 
All Over 



Tandyland 



edited by Bradford N. Dixon 



"The computer business 

will continue to be a zoo. 
Maybe it's just entering the 
zoo stage." So says John 
Roach, Tandy Corp.'s 
chief executive officer. 

Roach, coming off an- 
other disappointing quar- 
ter at Tandy, told the Fort 
Worth Star-Telegram that 
he expects the market 
shakeout to end before 
next year, but he says 
fewer retailers will be 
around when it's all over. 

Tandy's second-quarter 
profits in fiscal 1985 
dropped 24 percent com- 
pared to 1984's second 
quarter. The drop marks 
Tandy's third consecutive quarter of 
earnings declines (see Fig. 1). 

Although the profit drop was com- 
panywide the reasons for the com- 
puter division's profit problems aren't 
hard to find. Price-cutting and fierce 
competition have taken their toll on ail 
computer manufacturers. And the 
cost of developing and introducing 
four new computers, the Tandy 200, 
1000, 1200, and 6000, was bound to 
eat into profits. 

Mark Manson, an analyst with Don- 
aldson, Lufkin, and Jenrette Securities 
Corp., characterizes 1984 as painful for 
Tandy, but says their new computers 
should boost sales. Manson also thinks 
sales of noncomputer products, espe- 
cially cellular phones, digital audio 
equipment, and stereo adapters for 
television sets, will improve Tandy's 
profit margin. 

In spite of the dim figures, the Tandy 
1000 made a strong debut in the market- 
place. "For the first 40 days of its life- 
time," Roach says, "the 1000 sold more 
than any other computer we've ever in- 
troduced." The sales are an encouraging 




Figure I. Tandy's quarterly profits. 

start to the second half of Tandy's fiscal 
year. "It's certainly nice to be in a posi- 
tion where we have to worry about mak- 
ing enough [Model 1000s] to satisfy de- 
mand," mused Roach. 

The microcomputer shakeout of 1984 

has spilled over to become the micro- 
computer shakeout of 1985, but at least 
who will survive is becoming clearer. 

Market watchers expect IBM to keep 
its spot at the top of the micro heap, 
and Apple appears likely to maintain 
its second-place position. After that, 
the picture gets murky, but it looks as if 
Compaq, Tandy, and Commodore will 
hang in there. 

Tandy's large distribution chain is a 
real advantage in the battle for sur- 
vival. Other companies lose out when 
they have to develop and maintain 
sales channels, while Tandy can rely 
on its well-established retail network. 

As for the future, Tandy can expect 
to face short-term problems that may 
limit growth, including the overall 
market slump and declining third- 
party support for Tandy's older ma- 



chines. But, in the long 
run, the company's size 
guarantees it a major role 
in the microcomputer 
market. 

Some analysts suggest 
that Tandy's profit woes 
might prompt the com- 
pany to spin off the com- 
puter division as a sepa- 
rate entity, allowing Radio 
Shack to reemphasize its 
low-priced electronics 
business. 

However, this seems 
unlikely. Garland Asher, 
vice-president in charge of 
finance, tells 80 Micro 
Tandy has never discussed 
starting a new company to 
handle computers. 



Intensive marketing seems 

to be the key to Tandy's 1985 game 
plan. Late in 1984, Radio Shack held a 
month-long sale on the Tandy 1200, 
knocking $1,000 off the $2,999 sticker 
price. 

The trend continued into 1985, 
when Tandy launched what may be 
the first two-for-one computer sale. 
Throughout January, you could buy a 
Tandy 1200 or 2000 for $2,500 and get 
an 8K Model 100 free. In the past, 
when Radio Shack was ready to kill a 
product, it dropped the price drastical- 
ly and held special sales, so this gim- 
mick might presage the Model 100's 
demise. 



MicroTrends 



The U.S. Department of Commerce 

has decided to lift export controls on 
what it considers to be less sophis- 
ticated personal computers like the 
Commodore 64, Apple He, and Radio 
Shack's Model 100. 

However, the Commerce Depart- 
ment will continue to regulate IBM's 
PC/AT and Apple's Macintosh to 



22 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



TRS-80 AND IBM-PC 

Word Processing Program 



Computers Supported 
IBM-PC 
IBM-XT 
Tandy 1000 
Tandy 1200 
Tandy 2000 
Model 4 
Model 2 
Model 12 
Model 16 
Modem 4 CP/M 
Model 2 CP/M 
Max -80 
LNW 




[80 x 24 DISPLAY using TRSDOS 6 or any MODEL III DOS. 
G Built-in FORM LETTER and MAIL-MERGE capabilities. 
CJ Build-in HELP SCREENS. 

55 seperately programmable MACRO FUNCTION KEYS. 
"Performs PROPORTIONAL-SPACE right-margin justification 

on over 120 different printers (all drivers included FREE). 
: I Integrates with ELECTRIC WEBSTER spelling checker. 

Keyboard entry and printing of 31 European Characters and 

special symbols. 

IBM-PC, XT, Tandy, -1000, Tandy-1200, Tandy-2000 versions 

for color or Monochrome, now only $199.95. 

MODEL 2/12/16 versions now available for TRSDOS 2.0, 

TRSDOS 4.2 and CP/M. 

LeScript also available to run on TRS-80 MODEL I, MODEL 

III, LNW-80. LNW-TEAM (80 x 24), Holmes VID-80 (80 x 24), and 

Lobo MAX-80 (80 x 24). $199.95 



CAli 1 -305-259-9397 



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FREE SHIPPING WITHIN THE U.S.; OUTSIDE THE U S ADD $10 00 FOR SHIPPING 
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Fill out and return this coupon to receive a free trial-size copy 
of the LeScript word processing system - a $25.00 value 



Name 


-'■ Jdress 


Cilv 






Slate Zip 


Telephone 

My system is: 
D Model 1/111 
c Model 4 
-: MAX-80 
= LNW-TEAM 

Send to ANITEK • PO 


a Holmes VID-80 
a Model ii 
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Box 361136 • 


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□ CP/M VID-80 

□ TANDY-2000 
D IBM PC 

Melbourne. FL 32936 



PULSE TRAIN 



keep them from reaching Soviet-bloc 
countries or China. 

The relaxed export restrictions 
come at a good time for Tandy, now 
that European Radio Shack stores 
have merged with outlets that sell 
Great Britain's Applied Computer 
Techniques' Apricot computers. 

For the industry as a whole, the new 
export rules could open up a multibil- 
lion-dollar market for American com- 
puters. But even as the government 
eased hardware restrictions, it tight- 
ened export controls on some soft- 
ware. The Commerce Department 
must now review programs involving 
networking, artificial intelligence, 
computer-aided design and manufac- 
turing, and high-level languages such 
as ADA before their release for 
overseas sales. 

Where does the average computer 
buyer get his microcomputer? That's 
the question Strategic Inc. asked in a 
recent survey. Of the owners polled, 
the vast majority, 56 percent, bought 
their units from retail stores, while 10 
percent bought them from mass mer- 
chandisers, and 8 percent bought 
wholesale (see Fig. 2). 

Of the remaining sales, 8 percent 
were bought through original-equip- 
ment manufacturers, 4 percent through 
the mail, 3 percent via direct sales, and 
1 1 percent through other outlets. 

If you're writing and selling pro- 
grams from your home, you might be 
breaking the law. It seems many com- 
munities have established zoning laws 
to keep doctors and dentists from 
opening offices in residential neigh- 
borhoods. If local authorities decide 
to get tough, they can apply these laws 
to home programmers. 

That's what happened to Leah 
O'Connor, a Chicago woman who 
writes and sells games from her home. 
The city ordered her to stop operating 
her business or face a $100-a-day fine. 
When the zoning board learned 
O'Connor had no employees and was 
violating no other zoning laws, it 
dropped the threat of a fine. 

Chicago's 28-year-old zoning ordi- 
nance was written when home micro- 
computers were still in the realm of 
science fiction. According to current 
estimates, home-based computer busi- 
nesses number in the millions nation- 
wide. Boston and San Francisco have 
updated their zoning laws to reflect the 



1 


Mh»r* €■■■ — »■ Bm* 


CiwrtiM 

9 m x ttmm 


•% 


* !• X M kRk 

i # • X HUul. 


A 


• S X Mr «*!• 


f 11 X Mir 



Figure 2. Categories of computer sellers ranked 
by number of sales. 

changing times, but in many commu- 
nities, the law simply hasn't caught up 
with reality. 



Update 



Linda Miler of Radio Shack's Mar- 
keting Information department writes 
to correct an error in the December 
1984 Pulse Train story about Tandy's 
PC Maker program (p. 21). It seems 
PC Maker does format double-den- 
sity, double-sided disks. 

Miller says the program also works 
with the Tandy 1000 and 1200 to 
assure transportability of data be- 
tween all Tandy MS-DOS computers, 
and stresses that PC Maker is free to 
registered Tandy 2000 owners. 

And there's more in the mailbag from 

Fort Worth. Radio Shack's director of 
market planning, Ed Juge, points out 
that the graph in February's column 
(p. 22) illustrates Tandy's warehouse 
shipments in dollars, not units. 

Tandy doesn't release information 
on the actual number of units shipped 
or sold, so you have to figure it out 
roughly, given the dollar amounts of 
warehouse shipments and knowing 
the cost of each computer. Juge tells 
us, "Unit sales were up nicely, but we 
have to sell a lot more just to stay up 
with last year." 



Hot Items 



White some software publishers are 

turning to exotic copy protection 
methods to foil pirates, MicroPro In- 
ternational is going in the opposite 
direction. 

Effective Feb. 1, 1985, MicroPro 
dropped copy protection from its new 



word processing programs WordStar 
2000 and WordStar 2000 Plus. 

The reason? Protection made it 
harder to install the programs. "We 
are responding to the customers' need 
for software that is easy to use," said 
H. Glen Haney, MicroPro's chief ex- 
ecutive officer. But Haney stressed the 
move "is not a passive invitation to 
software pirates." MicroPro con- 
tinues to protect its products; as 
Haney puts it, "we are pursuing copy- 
right enforcement through other 
channels." 

Software licensing agreements tend to 

draw flak on the issue of software 
piracy. According to Fred Volking, 
director of marketing for Bellsoft Inc. 
of Bellevue, WA, "Most users don't 
set out to become software pirates, but 
the software industry virtually forces 
them into lives of crime." 

Volking observes that most software 
license agreements require small busi- 
nesses to buy multiple copies of soft- 
ware at full price, leading many to 
make illegal copies. Bellsoft is trying a 
different approach by offering a mul- 
tiple license agreement: You can make 
copies for up to 10 computers, saving 
money if you feel bound by agree- 
ments and saving guilt if you don't. 

A more radical scheme to protect soft- 
ware comes from Mother Jones' Son's 
Software Corp. (MJSS). The com- 
pany puts a "soulcatcher clause" at 
the end of its licensing agreement, 
which otherwise sounds pretty tradi- 
tional. 

As they put it, the license doesn't 
have teeth, it has fangs: "Violate this 
agreement and our attorneys will see 
to it that life on this earth, as you 
know it, is completely ruined. Also, 
you agree that 30 days after you 
violate this agreement, ownership of 
your eternal soul automatically passes 
to us, and we have the right to nego- 
tiate the sale of said soul to the first 
smoking blood-drenched apparition 
with fangs (SBDAWF) that meets our 
price. The SBDAWF may collect your 
soul at any time of his/her choosing." 

For those not inclined to take this 
seriously, MJSS appeals to common 
sense: "Given the remotest chance 
that some supernatural entity could ac- 
tually enforce the soulcatcher clause, 
you'd be a real bozo to take any 
chances."! 



24 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 175 on Readei - • • . i : 


SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC 

Is your computer working correctly?* 
Are you sure? Find out for certain with 
System Diagnostic, which has complete 
diagnostic tests for every component of 
your TRS-80" Model 1. 3 or 4 
•ROM: checksum tests 

• RAM: three tests including every location 

and data value 

• Video Display: character generator. 

video RAM. video signal 

• Keyboard: every key contact tested 

• Line Printer character tests with ad- 

justable platen length. 

• Cassette Recorder: read. wnte. verify 

data 

• Disk Drives: disk controller, dnve select 

track seek, read sectors, formatting, read/ 
write/verify data with or without erasing, 
disk drive timer, disk head cleaner 
Single or double density. 1 -99 tracks 

• RS-232-C Interface: connector fault 

data transmission, framing, data loop, 
baud rate generator 
System Diagnostic $99.95 


TYPITALL The most powerful TRS-80 Word Processor 

TYPITALL is a word processor which is "Merge data from a disk file during printing 
upward compatible with SCRIPSIT" for the Names, addresses, or any other text can be 
TRS-80" Models 1, 3 and 4 If you know inserted during pnnting 
SCRIPSFT\ you can start using TYPITALL im- * Print during editing (spooling). 
mediately F.ven if you have never used a word * Assign any sequence of keystrokes to a 
processor before, you will find TYPITALL single i ontrol key 
ease to learn, and full of so many powerful #C /" "P * lb HELP screens a. any time 

i ,i , _..«■ i ■ ,i . ...„.j "Move cursor forwards or backwards by 

features tli.it von 11 wonder whv other word ' 

... .. ,- „ i , character, word. line, or paqe 
processors don t have them hollowing is a list „ . '', 3 ,, 
' ,_.„- ir . T . A ,,. , ,n . "Reenter the proqram with ail text intact 
of some of TYPITALL s features II you need , , , ,f . , . , 

it you accidentally exit without saving the 
to know more, ask for our free catalogue ) 

• Send any control or graphic/special char- .Spelling checker with 29.500 word 
M lei to the printer dictionary available 

•Print the formatted text on the screen • Verify 3.500 word document in less than 
before going to the printer two minutes. 

• Send the formatted text to a disk file for •TYlM Model 4 (80 x 24 display, 
later printing TRSDOS 6) and Model l/lll versions 

"// you like SCRIPSIT'. you II probably love TYPITALL - 80 Micro. 

TYPITALL Demo Version $49.95 

TYPITALL Complete Version $129.95 


TYPITALL with Spelling Checker $179.95 


HOME BUDGET and 
CHECKBOOK ANALYST 

Combines the functions of a check- 
book program with budget analysis, 
comparisons, summanes and projections. 

First, it is a checking program, which 
can be used to maintain your checking 
account F.nter deposits, print check regis- 
ters, compute your current balance 

The program analyzes your income and 
expenses, keeps track of your budget 
Computes monthly and year-to-date in- 
come and expense summaries, and pro- 
tections for the year based on data through 
a known month Monthly expenses can be 
compared to a pre-established budget 

Model 1/3/4 disk version $59.95 
Model 1/3/4 cassette version . . $29.95 
Mod. 2/12 or IBM PC version . . $69.95 


TRS-80 " MODEL III 
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 

A complete course in assembly 
language, written for the beginner. 
Contents include: 

• The Z-80 instruction set 
•TRS-80" Model III ROM and RAM 
•Using the Rditor/ Assembler 
•Reading, printing, and moving data 

• Arithmetic operations with integers 

• Floating-point and BCD numbers 

• Logical and bit operations 

• Cassette input and output 

• USR subroutines in BASIC 

• RS-232-C data communications 

• Disk input and output 

• The TRSDOS 1 3 disk operating system 

With the book you can also purchase 
Monitor *5. a comprehensive machine 
language monitor and debugger program 
(Monitor *5 also avail for Models 1 & 4 ) 
Book only $16.95 


MAILING LIST 

Maintains mailing lists of over 1250 
names per disk file Add. change, delete, 
or find names Sort according to the data 
in any field Labels printed in 1. 2. 3. or 
4 columns, with adjustable tabs 
Model 1. 3. or 4 version $69.95 
Mod. 2/12 or IBM version . . . $79.95 


SMALL BUSINESS 
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 

A complete system for using your 
computer to manage a small business 

• Order Entry: enter orders, print in- 

voices, change past invoices Use pre- 
printed forms or plain paper 

• Bookkeeping: complete general ledger 

by user-defined categories. Print month- 
ly or year-to-date summanes and ledgers. 
•Accounts Receivable: show balances 
due from unpaid invoices at any time 

• Accounts Payable: show amounts you 

owe for unpaid bills in any category 

• Inventory: complete summary of prod- 

ucts sold by part number and prices 
charged Limited to 1.000 8-character 
part numbers (2.000 for MS-DOS) 

•Installation package tailors the pro- 
grams to your business. 
Available for. TRS-80" Models 1. III. 

4. 2. 12. 16 (TRSDOS). or 2000. IBM-PC. 

and most CP/M computers 

Need more information? Ask for 

our detailed description of this program 

with sample forms and reports 

All versions $250.00 


SMALL BUSINESS 
ACCOUNTING 

Based on Dome Bookkeeping Record 
»bl2. this program keeps track of income, 
expenses, and payroll for a small business 

Complete ledgers are maintained for 
both income and expenses The pro- 
gram computes monthly, through last 
month, and year to date summaries 

The payroll section (not included in 
cassette version) contains provision for 
up to 99 employees with up to six cate- 
gories of deductions The program can 
print both checks and summaries of pay- 
roll for one employee or all employees 

Model 1/3/4 disk version .... $59.95 
Model 1/3/4 cassette version $29.95 
Mod. 2/12 or IBM PC version . $39.95 


Monitor #5 only $22.95 

Book and Monitor #5 $29.95 


SMART TERMINAL 

The intelligent communication pro- 
gram Use your TRS-80 to communicate 
with other computers, bulletin boards, in- 
formation services, time sharing, or for 
data transmission. 

• Memory buffer holds data to be 

transmitted or received. 

• Automatic transmission from buffer. 

• Automatic storage of incoming data. 

• Character translations 

• Data files compatible with word proces- 

sors and BASIC programs 

•True BREAK kay 

Model 1 . 3 or 4 version $74.95 

Model 2/12 CP/M version . . . $79.95 









Howe Software 

14 Lexington Kd Neu < iiy. NY 10956 

Developing software fin IKS-Hll 
i ompulers sun e 147^ 



24-Hour IOLL -FREE Order Number 
Outside ( alifornia call 

(800) 428-7825. ext 169 

Inside C alifornia < all 
(800) 428-7824. ext 169 

Visa. Master (aid. m COD orders only 



I or information i all 
(914) 634-1821 

Add S.T til) postage 8. handling 
New York residents -idd sales tan 






Circle 81 oo Reader Service card 




You've Cot 

TOTAL ACCESS 



i specializing in TRS8C 



Rose 



TO YOUR COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE 
NEEDS. CALL ROSE TODAY! 



QUALITY DISK DRIVES 

These drives are complete with power supply cover and 
external drive connector For TRS-80 Model I ■ 4 IBM 
PC and others All drives are Double Density and step 
at 6ms or less SS mean* single lead DS is double 
head Specify white or silver color cover Add $5 per 
drive shipping unless otherwise specified AN drives have 
a one year warranty on parts and labor 



gptuna 



FULL SIZE 5.25" 
IVES 

40tk Swyje Side Tandon TM 100-1 
40tk Dual Side Tandon TM 100-2 
BOtk Dual Side tendon TM101-4 

ETE HALF-HIGH 5.25" 



HNGt* 



lea 40m SS TEAC FD-MA m dual case 

2ea 40tk SS TEAC FD 55A m dual case 

1ea 40Tk DS TEAC FD 56B In dual case 

2ea 40tk DS TEAC FD-S5B n dual case 

lea 80tk DS TEAC FD-55F In dual case 

2ea 80tk DS TEAC FD 55F in dual case 

COMPLETE 8" DRIVES m no 

2ea SS TM848 IE s In dual case with (an 
2ea DS TM848 2E s m dual case with fan 



DISK 

$ 167 
197 
297 

DISK 

$ 167 

317 
167 
357 
217 
387 



$64 7 
697 



BARE 5.25" A 8" DRIVES *» u ^ 

40tk SS. Full Si/e Tandon TM 100-1 $ 12/ 

40tk OS FuH Sue Tandon TM 100-2 167 

80tk DS Fu« Sue. Tandon TM101-4 267 

40tk SS, Half-High TEAC FD55-A 147 

40tk DS Half High TEAC FDBS-B 187 

80tk DS Half -High. T£AC PDBS-f 237 

8 SS Thmfcne. Tandon TM848 IE 269 

8 DS ThmNre Tandor TM848-2E 333 

TRS-80 MODEL HI/4 DISK KITS 

Internal drive kit complete with disk controller, 
power supply, mounting brackets cables and all 
hardware plus step by step .nstructions This kit 
contains everything you need (except the Disk 
Operatirg System, drive and a screwdriver) to 
convert your cassette Model 111 or 4 to fast 
reliable disk operation Don't confuse this quality 
kit with the high-priced npoffs Thousands of 
satisfied customers cannot be wronq You can 
join them for only .«•>»••»•« " •". ..... $ 189 

Same as above with 1 -40tk SS drive 299 
Same as above with 2 40tk SS drives 419 

DOUBLE^E^SiTY CONTROLLERS 

Aerocomp DDC Really the best by test $99 

Aerocomp DDC with LDOS 159 

Aerocomp DDC with NfcWDOS 80-v2 179 

OTHER DRIVE GOODIES « t. *m. 

TRSDOS 1 3 Disk & Manual for Model III $ 24 

TRSDOS 2 3 Disk & Manual for Model I 24 

TRSDOS 6 * Disk & Manual for Model 4 19 

LDOS for the Model I or III 69 

NEWDOS 80 v2 for the Model I or ill 99 

2-dnve cable for Model l/iH/4 24 

2 -dnve external cable for IBM PC 48 

4-dnve cable for Model I 34 

E (lender cable I long 9 
5 25 power supply tt end white or silver 59 

8' power supply fan & enclosure beige 149 

TRS-80 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 

12 Green Phosphor Monitor 79 

12 Amber Phosphor Monitor 84 

16K 200 nsec RAM Guaranteed 1 year (8 chips) 9 
64K 200 nsec RAM Guaranteed 1 year (8 chips) 34 
64K RAM plus Genuine PAL for Model 4 upgrade 44 

MEDIA A SUPPLIES 

5 Diskettes SSOD. Lifetime Guar Pk of 1 $16 

5' Diskettes DSDO. Lifetime Guar Pack of 10 19 

5' Fhpsoo. holds 75 Diskettes 19 

8' Diskettes SSDO. Lifetime Guar Pack of 10 29 

8' Disketted DSOD Lifetime Guar Pack of 10 34 

8' Fhpsort holds 50 Diskettes 24 

5 26 or 8' Head Cleaning Kit 9 

Letter Sire 20 lb Tr»ttor Paper 2900 sheets 25 



- ROSE GETS RIGHT! — 

NOW— ROSE'S 
MOD 4 CP/M 

$69 
^^^P ^Br^ Complete with Manual 

Rose has latched onto this slick version of CP/M 2.2 that allows you to 
run most of your favorite CP/M programs with ease It even lets you read 
and write otner manufacturers" disk formats What could be nicer? They 
are in stock ready for you to use and enjoy 



PRINTERS A ACCESSORIES 

PPOWRITER 120cps 10 Wde Friction/Tractor 319 

PROWRITER 2 I20cps 15 Wide Friet/Trac 595 

STARWRITFR F10 40cps Da-sy vVheel 895 

LPRINTMASTER F10 55cps Fast Daisy Wheel 995 

ftutishauser Bidirectional T'actor 150 

Rutisheuser Sheer feeder. A Best One 495 



CP/M & 80 COLUMN 
for your MODEL III 

No need to buy a new computer when you 
can use the Holmes VID-80 modification 
and yet CP/M 2 2. 64K RAM and 80 
column video This kit is easy to install and 
requires no soldering Even a dolt like you 
can can end up with a complete 64K 
CP/M computer with an 80 column screen 
that is still able to run all your existing 
Model III software For the first time you 
will be able to use CP/M programs that 
normal people do. such as dBASE II and 
WordStar The regular price of this kit is 
$524 Now Rose will get you going for 
only $209 

SUPER SALE 

I'll ship you the Holmes deal above PLUS 
WordStar 3 3 installed and ready to rut 
for only $399 

SPECIAL SOFTWARE DEALS 

WordStar 3 3 (Specify MM or R'S format) S 195 

MarfMerg. SpeMStar StanrxJex. a" 3 for just 99 

WordStar Professional (Above 4 Progamsl 2/5 

DataStar Data Entry & Retrieval 125 

ReportStar Reporr Generator 105 
InfoStar Advanced DBMS lAbove 2 Proo/amsl 195 

dBASE II Complete With Disk Tutorial 345 

Super Utility Plus 3 2 by Kim Watt 59 

CP/M 2 2 for Model 4 by Monte Zuma 169 

Turbo PASCAL by Bor Land Requires CP/M 44 

Turbo Toolbox by Bor land 45 

Turbo TUTOR by Bor Land 35 

Pickles & Trout CP'M 2 2-n for the Model 

2 12 16 Floppy Version 179 

Same thtnq but the Radio Shack Hard Disk 219 



ORDER NOW! 
TOLL-FREE 

800-527-3582 

Orders Only Please 

Call m your order or write to us at the address 
below Texas residents call us at 2 1 4-337 4346 
and deduct S2 00 from your order but you 
should remind me cause sometimes I forget H 
you need technical information or service please 
call the Texas number as the Toll Free lines are 
just for orders only Prices are subiect to change 
without notice and are mail order only I accept 
AMERICAN EXPRESS MASTERCARD and VISA 
and I will not charge your card until I ship your 
goodies You can send a check or a money 
order I also accept COD orders but they require 
cash or a cashier's check upon delivery If 
shipping charges are not shown please call for 
the correct amount Add $5 00 handling charge 
if your order is less than $50 00 Shipping 
charges quoted m this ad are for the lower 48 
states only Orders to Canadian address add 
$20 00 to pay for doing all those papers for 
customs Texans add State Sales tax No lax 
collected on shipments outside of Texas Be 
sure you know what you are buying 
SOFTWARE IS SOLD ON A REPLACEMENT 
BASIS ONLY NO REFUNDS If it is defective 
call us for instructions Please order from me 
now— l need the money and I will not iack you 
around I reserve the right to charge up to a ten 
percent restocking charge if you jack me around 
All merchandise carries the original manufac- 
turers' warranty and all repairs or adjustments 
will be made by the manufacturer or his 
designated representative 

NEXT DAY SHIPMENT of Goods m Stock 

TOTAL ACCESS 

P.O. Box 790276 
Dallas, Texas 75379 
214-337-4346 



26 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



READER EXCHANGE 



Student Special 

A student in my Z80 Assembly-lan- 
guage course discovered this easy al- 
ternative to the traditional PEEK 
method of breaking down a VARPTR 
address into 2 bytes: 

1000 DEFINT X,Y 

1010 X = VARPTR(Y) 'ADDRESS OF Y 
1020 XI = X AND 255 "LOW BYTE 
1030 X2 = S(X AND -256)/25 'HIGH 

BYTE 
1040 POKE 32766.X 1 
1050 POKE 32767, X2 

POKE the bytes into RAM so that 
a USR statement can call them. 

Phyllis Lefton 

Manhattanville College 

Purchase, NY 10577 

Calling ROM 

I stumbled on a ROM call that 
checks the condition of the printer 
from the printer status port (address 
0F8H), saving you programming time 
as well as cutting down your pro- 
gram's byte count. The call, located at 
hex address 44BH (1099 decimal), is: 

CALL 44BH ;GET PRINTER 

STATUS 
JR Z.ONLINE ;GO IF PRINTER 
READY 
(enter Not Ready routine here) 

After the call, the computer sets the 
Z flag if the printer is ready. NZ tells 
you that the printer isn't ready; the 
computer then changes the contents of 
the A register. 

Dan Gookin 
15202 Willow Road 
Lakeside, CA 92020 

Thrifty Idea 

Are any of you new Model 4P own- 
ers outraged over the price of Radio 
Shack's parallel printer cable ($39)? 
Here's an alternative that saves you 
about $20: Buy a Model 100 printer 
cable (Radio Shack catalog number 




26-1409, $14.95), and a 34-position 
card-edge connector (Radio Shack 
catalog number 276-1564, $4.95). 

Install the card-edge connector to 
the ribbon cable with the blue-striped 
conductor at position 1 , and plug the 
connector into the Model 4P with the 
blue stripe toward the outside of the 
case. I left the Model 100 header con- 
nector in place on my cable, and can 
now use the one cable for both com- 
puters. 

Michael Shrout 

200 N. 35th Ave., #98 

Greeley, CO 80631 

Requests for Help 

I'd like to correspond with people 
interested in exchanging programs and 
programming ideas. I'm 16 years old 
and use a Model III with two disk 
drives. 

Ellen Lackey 

128 Newcastle 

Jackson, MS 39208 

Reader Assistance 

After ordering the tape-based ver- 
sion of Simutex's ZBasic compiler, I 
was informed that they've discon- 
tinued the disk. I'd like to hear from 
anyone interested in selling their ver- 
sion 2.2 or anyone who knows where I 
might be able to get it. Also, I'm in- 



terested in obtaining the discontinued 
Active printer interface cable (Radio 
Shack catalog number 26-141 1). 

Paul Brunelle 

115 Delaronde Road. 

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 3W2 

Canada 

My version of Postman, the mass- 
mailing system for the Model III, is 
missing the Post-Rite portion that lets 
you write form letters and incorporate 
them with the addresses in the main 
program. Can anyone lead me to a 
copy of this portion of the program? 

Robert W. Smyka 

12407 25 Mile Road 

Utica, Ml 48087 

I have a Model III with two disk 
drives (and access to a Model 4) and am 
looking for a program that will help 
local high school coaches to keep 
track of team statistics. I'd also like to 
be able to save this information to 
disk. 

Gary Sell 

Box 262 

Goodland, IN 47948 

Error Trap 

The note in Reader Exchange (Feb- 
ruary 1985, p. 30) concerning J.L. 
Kissel's "Tape Transfer" is incorrect. 
To make the correction to Kissel's 
listing, change the code at sector 00, 
offset CO, from 53 to 5E. 

Bob Hardy 

71014 Austin 

Fort Hood, TX 76544 

In Table 3 of "Tandy Rides Again" 
(April 1985, p. 50), we misidentified 
one manufacturer. Educational Micro 
Systems Inc., not Educational Micro- 
ware Inc., produces Convert 3 to 
2000.— Eds. 

On p. 94 of our April 1985 issue, we 
inadvertently indicated that the pro- 
grams in Basic Takes were available 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 27 



Circle 206 on Reader Service card 



Orel* 440 on Reader Service card. 



Introducing 

Super Utility 

4/4R 

The indispcnsiblc first-aid kit for TRS-80 
users only from PowerSoft. 



JUtVt 



en the healthiest 
computer needs 
occasional "doctoring*! 
And that's precisely what 
Super Utility » »P is for 
I<> help you handle 
routine check-ups. take 
care of minor 
emergencies and 
perform major surgery 
with relative ease. 

So effective it mends 
everything but a 
broken heart. 
The latest generation of 
PowerSoft's highly-rated 
program contains over 
60 different utilities. So 
you can examine file 
locations. ^^ 

Reformat ,y\jr^' 
W i thou t -^» m 

erasing 
data, Test 
or ma- 
nipulate 
memory Save 
valuable data 
and disks. Revive 1 
dead files. And 
much, much more. 
So easy you can 
perform near miracles 
in no time. 
Version Four 
enhancements make 
Super Utility » 4P easier, 
faster and more efficient 
than ever. It boots 
and loads 5096 taster 
I 'tili/es (> iK tor faster file 



copies and /^~--»> 
backups. C^/"*^ 



figurabie^f* 





with most 
Model 

I III i 

operating 

systems 

for fast, easy 

transfer of files. And 

introduces three 

function keys, including 

a user-definable key. for 

easy single stroke 

operations. 

So economical you 

can't afford to be 

without it. 

At only 179.95, SI I d' 

can be yours. And that 

includes both a 

master and backup disk, 

I »H page manual, binder 

and full support. The 

more you know about 

your TRS-80, the more 

you'll want SU4/4P. The 

leas you know about your 

TRS-80. the more you'll 

need M'-r-iH 

So place your order 

today by calling or 

writing: 



PowerSoft Prmlucts 

17060 Dallas Parkway 

Suite 114 

Dallas, Texas 75248 

214/733-4475 




VISA and MasterCard welcome. 

SU 4/4P 17995 

SU + 3 2 Model I III ( i ) 179.95 

Please add $3 00 S/H in ISA & Canada; 

$10.00 Foreign (airmail) 



3.5 Inch MicroDrive a^qo 
with Integrated Software $799 complete- 



See what a difference 
our portable disk drive 
and software will make! 




INCLUDES 

• T/MAKER" an Integrated Software Program with- 

— Wordprocessor — Spreadsheet 

— Spelling Checker — Relational Data 
50.000 Word Dictionary Base Manager 

• Communications Software (MODEM) 

• Popular CPi'M'" 2 2 Disk Operating System 

• Additional 32K Bytes Ram for 64K Bytes Ram Total 

• Battery Powered 3 5 in Drive. 360K Bytr>s per Diskette 

• Battery Charger Cables & Mounting Hardware Included 

Attaches to your MODEL 100. NFC8201 and OM 10 

CALL OR WRITE 

PIC, 18013 Skypark Circle. Suite D. Irvine, CA. 92714 

714-261-0503 

'Does not include Compute' M C . Visa or check plus $5 shipping ana 6 ! -. sales U» 
California residents only 



Circle 46 on Reader Service card. 



Copy CP/M - TRS-80 - PC/MS-DOS! 

•HYPERCROSS/XT 2.0 Direct Disk To Dtek File Transfer* 
Now you can CROSS me barrier between disk formats! Using HYPERCROSS you can 
directly COPY files between TRS-80 disks and many different CP/M and IBM PC disk 
formats on your own TRS-80 or MAX -80 You can also FORMAT an alien disk, display 
the DIRECTORY, and KILL files if you have different computers at home and work, use 
HYPERCROSS to transfer manuscripts BASIC. FORTRAN PASCAL or C programs. 
Viscalc files, data bases and binary files. 

'New features - Mass files transfers and Alien to Allen Copy Now you can copy many 
files at once using the new TAG feature in HYPERCROSS which allows you to tag any 
number of files tor mass copy or deletion. You can also copy directly from one alien 
disk to another with only two drives. 

•Formats supported: IBM-PC and MS-DOS compatibles include DOS 1.1, 2.0/2.1 
single and double sided and Tandy 2000. CP/M includes Aardvark, Access. Altos, 
ATR, CCS. Cromemco. DEC, Eagle, Epson, HP, IBM CP/M 86, Heath /Zenith, Kaypro, 
LNW. MAX-80 Morrow, NEC, Osborne. Otrona, Sanyo. Superbrain. Teletek. Televideo, 
TRS-80: Holmes, Hurricane Compactor, MM Shuffle Board, Montezuma, R/S CP/M 
30+. Xerox. Zorba and standard 8 inch CP/M. 

Hardware required: 48K and 2 drives minimum. Model 1 needs a doubter. Some 
formats need double sided or 80 track drives. 80 track skip supported 
PRICES including disk, manual and shipping: 

Hypercross CP/M Single sided formats only $49.95 

Hypercross PC/MS-DOS Single sided formats only $49.95 

Hypercross XT V2.0 with 70 CP/M and PC formats $99.95 

Please specify TRS-80 Model I. III. 4/4P. or MAX-80 

NEW S upplementary format package 

Now available - an additional 60 formats making 130 in all including: Rainbow 

MS-DOS. MAX-80. Olympia. 71. Toshiba. Sharp. Heath -Magnolia, all 8 of the new 

Montezuma version 2 2x formats and many others $39.95 ppd. or $20 if ordered with 

XT version. 

HYPERZAP 3.2c Disk Magic! 

If HYPERCROSS is the program for files then HYPERZAP is the program for sectors, 

tracks and whole disks! On the market for 2 vears. HYPERZAP is more than just 

another disk copying program - it is the program for analyzing, copying, repairing. 

creating floppy disks of all kinds It will copy any TRS-80 format as well as many others 

such as CP/M, PC, CoCo etc. Specially designed to handle mixed density sectors on 

any track in any sequence. Many features for reading, writing, editing track and sector 

data. Hyperzap is the tool that lets you be in charge 

Make your own sell booting disks. Take your own CMD file and turn it into a dual 

booting Mod 1 /III/ IV disk. 

AutopHot mode allows learn, saves and repeats procedures. Disk comes with 

fascinating examples showing how to backup Funsoft, Copycat 3 and others - magic 

indeed! 

Hardware needed: 48K 1 drive minimum. One version for all TRS-80 models 1 . 3 and 4. 

Manual and disk $49.95 ppd. 

May your * TRS-80 * live forever! 

HYPERSOFT 

PO Box 51 1 5, Raleigh, NC 27609 

(919) 847-4779 6-11 pm EST 

•All trademarks are the properties of the companies represented. 



28 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



READER EXCHANGE 



on Load 80. The programs do not ap- 
pear on the loader. — Eds. 



New Bulletin Board Systems 

The Post Office 
Great Falls, VW 
703-759-4053 
Sysop: David Havill 

Tec-Vec Computer Systems 

Manitoba, Canada 

204-885-7921 

Sysop: Henry C. Yau 

Fort McMurray BBS 
Fort McMurray, Alberta 
403-791-9367 
Sysop: Peter Steeper 

Austin Headquarters BBS 

Austin, TX 

512-469-5936 

Sysop: Andre S. Chen 

Fast80 (Master System) 
Surrey, BC 
604-594-7398 
Sysop: Mel Patrick 



DEBUG 



Several readers are having prob- 
lems with the DIM statement in 
FastBas ("Running Like the 
Wind," January 1985, p. 42). The 
usual solution is to remove the 
statement lines that precede the line 
with the DIM statement. As stated 
in the article, FastBas accepts only 
one DIM statement. You must put 
the DIM statement in the first line 
of the program, preceded only by a 
Clear statement. You even have to 
remove REM statements to insure 
proper compiling. 

Thomas L. Quindry 

TLQ Enterprises 

6237 Windward Drive 

Burke, VA 22015 

Barry LaLone's Tidbit #17 (Jan- 
uary 1984, p. 157) implies that it's 
possible to get 96 tracks out of a 



MULTIDOS disk with a 40-track 
drive. MULTIDOS users should 
not, under any circumstances, use 
this procedure. The method de- 
scribed in Tidbit #17 is based on 
false assumptions and is dangerous 
to your good disks; it's not possible 
to produce a disk using the back-up 
function and an improper track 
count. If it were possible, MUL- 
TIDOS would surely be the best 
selling DOS on the market. MUL- 
TIDOS, however, will produce 96 
tracks during regular back-up only 
if you have 80-track drives and 
hardware that formats out to % 
tracks. 

David Welsh 

President, AlphaBit 

Communications, Inc. 

13349 Michigan A ve. 

Dearborn, MI 48126 



The Loveline BBS 

New York, NY 

212-823-9232 

Sysops: Anne and Bow Capola 



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REVIEWS 



DeskMate: Tandy's 
Software Starter Package 



by Bradford N. Dixon 

• ••* 

DeskMate runs on the Tandy 
1000 and requires one disk 
drive. Tandy/Radio Shack, One 
Tandy Center, Fort Worth, TX 
76102. Free with Tandy 1000 
purchase. 

Easy to use: ir ir ir ir ft 

Good docs: * * * * ft 

Bug free: • • • * ft 

Does the job: * ir * ir ft 

One of the things that 
impresses me about 
the Model 1000, in addi- 
tion to the fact that I got 
an IBM PC-compatible for 
$1,199, is the bundled 
software Tandy includes 
with the hardware. I've 
never seen a more complete set of soft- 
ware accompany a new computer, cer- 
tainly not from the Tandy Towers. 
DeskMate, Tandy's appropriately 
named package, provides six applica- 
tions (a word processor, a spread- 
sheet, a filer, a daily calendar, tele- 
communications, and electronic mail) 
that, taken in toto, provide an im- 
pressive software starter system. And 
all of DeskMate's programs "com- 
municate" with one another, making 
the package truly integrated. 

Although 1000 owners may even- 
tually upgrade to more advanced pro- 
grams (and in some cases you really 
have to), DeskMate will serve new 
users quite well. One of the modules, 
the telecommunications program, is 
good enough to serve users for the life 
of their 1000. Others, like the calendar 
and mail packages, either have so little 
utility or are so amateurish that you'll 
never use them or you'll replace them 
with more sophisticated software at 
some point. 



edited by Ryan Davis-Wright 




The Main Menu 

When you boot up DeskMate after 
answering the MS-DOS date and time 
prompts, the screen displays a calen- 
dar for the current month with the 
date highlighted, a box labeled Events 
for Today, and the integrated pro- 
grams (with a directory of their files) 
arranged in a row underneath (see the 
Photo). 

The software comes up in black and 
white on Tandy's CM-2 color mon- 
itor, but you can get a color menu by 
pressing the control key along with 
either the Fl, F2, or F3 keys. 

DeskMate highlights the text pro- 
gram on boot-up, but you can pick 
any of the five applications by reposi- 
tioning the cursor with the arrow keys. 

DeskMate's main menu functions 
appear in a bar at the bottom most 
portion of the screen, along with the 
F1-F10 function keys assigned to 
them. The functions let you change 
the system date and time, rename a 



file, display the free space 
on the current disk, en- 
gage or disengage the 
alarm function, set up 
host communications pa- 
rameters, assign Desk- 
Mate a password, select a 
series of data files for dele- 
tion, duplicate a data file, 
delete a single data file, 
and swap drives. 

You display DeskMate's 
subfunctions menu by 
pressing the Fll key; this 
lets you access the current 
program's help menu, dis- 
play DeskMate's calcu- 
lator, see the alarm event 
information, turn the 
alarm on and off, display 
a telephone book, set 
printer parameters, and 
change the system date 
and time. You invoke the subfunc- 
tions by pressing the alternate and 
F1-F7 keys (see Table 1). 

Text 

You couldn't really consider Text a 
full-function word processor. In fact, 
it's closer to the Model 100/200's Text 
program than to a commercial word 
processor. Like these, you're always in 
the insert mode; when you enter char- 
acters on an existing line, the current 
text shifts to the right without over- 
writing any of the old material. 

Model 1/III/4 users may find Text a 
bit frustrating compared to Scripsit 
because it lacks some of the latter's 
special functions, like centering and 
justifying. But Text was never intend- 
ed to be anything more than a simple 
text entry and printing program. 
Given these limitations, it performs 
the basic word-processing operations 
well. 

Text uses the 1000's function keys 
to good advantage. It's easy to manip- 



80 Micro, May 1965 • 31 



"I am amazed at the broad spectrum of 
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REVIEWS 



ulate your work after you enter it. 
Finding strings of words in your file is 
as simple as pressing the search key 
(Fl) and entering the string you want 
to find. If you need to substitute one 
string with another, pressing the F2 
key prompts you for the string you 
want to find, then asks for the replace- 
ment string. Unfortunately, Text asks 
if you want to replace the string at 
every occurrence; I would have pre- 
ferred automatic replacement, with 
the option of being queried. 

Other Text features include a For- 
mat command to preview your docu- 
ment on-screen before you print it out 
and a merge function that accepts text 
from one file and adds it on to the cur- 
rent file. You can also move blocks of 
text around within a file. 

Of course, Text lets you print out 
files in whatever format you want. 
Press the alternate and the F6 keys, 
and a menu of print options lets you 
define the printout's format. You can 
print an entire document or only that 
portion displayed on the screen. 

Worksheet 

Worksheet is a 99- by 99-cell 
spreadsheet that supplies all the basic 
spreadsheet functions necessary to set 
up accounting forms, budget sheets, 
or perform what-if calculations on nu- 
meric data. If you need help, the alter- 
nate and Fl keys bring up instructions 
on how to use it. 

As in Text, you can find strings in 
the workspace or specify cells you 



The Star Ratings 

80 Micro's star ratings reflect our review- 
er's impression of a product. 

In most cases, the overall rating is an av- 
erage of the ratings in each of the four spe- 
cific categories. However, some overall 
ratings may be higher or lower than this av- 
erage, depending on the reviewer's subjective 
opinion. 

The stars mean: 

* • • • * Superior; • • ■* * Excellent; 

* • • Good; • • Fair; • Poor. 

The ratings terms translate as follows: 
Easy to use: How easy is it for the new user 
to use the hardware/ software/book? 
Good docs: Is the documentation clear and 
helpful in explaining the product's use and 
anticipating user problems? 
Bugs: Did the reviewer encounter any bugs 
while using the product? 
Does the job?: How well does the product do 
what it was designed for? 



Ill 1*5 
2 3 4 5 4 
9 10 11 12 13 
14 15 16 17 II 11 2t 
2122 2314232(27 
212138 



"*rt 



~"iri! 



11:8b Call few. fe: Lock. 

Jill *lw */ P.I I P.I. 



6:3% Call kWrah. fc: UHUU 

•4:45* Cufint April foil's Parti * tmm. 






. * .r' "'•* 




' 






Photo. DeskMate 's main screen. 



want to edit. The worksheet calculates 
data according to the formulas you 
enter and prints the information using 
the same print commands Text uses. 

One of Worksheet's nice features is 
that it lets you merge a document writ- 
ten in Text with information in the 
spreadsheet. Also, if one of your pre- 
vious spreadsheets has information 
needed for the current job, you can 
merge one spreadsheet file with the 
one you're working on. Worksheet 
displays all the functions needed to 
manipulate data at the bottom of the 
screen, a nice feature. 

Because Worksheet works like most 
commercial spreadsheets, you'll have 
little problem making the transition to 
full-fledged spreadsheets when you've 
outgrown Worksheet's capabilities. 

Filer 

DeskMate's Filer is a free-form data 
base manager that supports records 
with as many as 21 fields of up to 255 
characters each. You are limited only 
by your imagination in setting up the 
forms for the data base, so the variety 
of applications can be very flexible. 

You can search for and sort data by 
any field in the record. The Fl key in- 
vokes the Find function to search 
through the data base, and it supports 
a wildcard function. 

You start the search by entering 
Boolean operators to select informa- 
tion that is equal to, greater than, or 
less than data in the search field. The 
F3 key displays all the records that 



match your find criteria. You can add 
or delete information from a record, 
or eliminate entire fields. You print 
out the records that match your search 
criteria by pressing the F4 key. 

As with Text and Worksheet, Filer 
has a merge function that takes infor- 
mation from any other DeskMate file 
and merges it with Filer's current one. 

Filer offers a unique data base ap- 
plication that automatically dials any 
phone number you highlight in a rec- 
ord by pressing the F2 key. While you 
can't use this option to call Compu- 
Serve or an electronic bulletin board, 
you can use it to make phone calls 
(you have to set the telecommunica- 
tions program for voice dialing before 
you call from Filer, however). 

Telecom 

Telecom, the telecommunications 
module, is the most advanced of all 
DeskMate's applications. When ac- 
cessed from the main menu, Telecom 
displays a menu of 10 parameters. It 
supports autodial modems and you 
can specify the number of times the 
modem redials a busy number. You 
select the baud rate from a range of 
110-9,600 bits per second, as well as 
the parameters for word length, num- 
ber of stop bits, parity, ASCII charac- 
ter and line feed filter options, and 
XON/XOFF file transfer protocol 
control. All Telecom lacks is an option 
to invoke XMODEM transfers from 
bulletin boards systems. 

If you frequently access data bases 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 33 



REVIEWS 



COUNTERPOINT 



While some reviewers will ques- 
tion DeskMate's role as a software 
sampler, others will say, "Don't 
look a gift horse in the mouth." It's 
true that compared to Framework or 
Symphony, DeskMate's pretty bad; 
but compared to other free software, 
like Exploring the Apple lie or 
PCjr's ROM-based Meet Your Key- 
board, it's terrific. 

DeskMate is worst when it forgets 
its modest purpose and assumes it's a 
program you'll leave on 24 hours a 
day. Calendar and Alarm work 
beautifully, but will anyone type in 
all that appointment data? I don't 
anticipate many offices using Mail, 
and I can't envision many people 
booting up DeskMate, entering the 
host mode, then leaving on a two- 
week trip and sending back messages 
via their Model 100. 

But, as a group of genuinely inte- 
grated, albeit limited, programs with 
a consistent user interface, Desk- 
Mate is remarkable. Not only will 
novice 1000 buyers learn what a 
spreadsheet is and how to set up a 
data base, they'll learn advanced ap- 
plications like how to splice spread- 
sheet rows into a business letter. And 
once they've bought better pro- 
grams, they'll still use DeskMate for 
jaunts outside their specialties. 

— Eric Grevstad 

Deskmate tries to address the be- 
ginner's hoary question, "Now that 
I have a computer, what do I do 
with it?" But for experienced users, 
DeskMate just doesn't offer needed 
functions. 

I bought a 1000 as a home com- 
puter. I don't turn it on before I go 
to work, so the calendar and alarm 
functions have limited utility for me. 

I don't have a modem, so the elec- 
tronic mail, host, and phone func- 
tions aren't particularly useful. Cre- 
ating a name and address data base 
with Filer doesn't interest me at all. 
A desk-bound black book can't sup- 
plant the portability of the real thing. 
And I use a calculator and paper to 
handle my household finances, so I 
don't need Worksheet. 

That leaves Text. I spent about 10 
minutes with it and went looking for 
a real word processor. It just doesn't 



have the features I need for writing. 

My primary purpose for Text, 
editing Basic programs, isn't even 
mentioned in DeskMate's literature. 
Tandy probably omitted this for the 
same reason it didn't include a Basic 
manual with the 1000, whatever that 
maybe. 

I realize that DeskMate wasn't de- 
signed for the likes of me: an exper- 
ienced user with narrow needs. Desk- 
Mate is a simple package designed to 
give inexperienced users a taste of 
different computer applications. As 
for curmudgeons like myself, we 
know what we want before we buy a 
computer. 

— John Mello 

The Tandy 1000 is unabashedly 
promoted as an IBM PC twin. But 
five minutes into DeskMate had me 
thinking not of Big Blue, but of the 
Model 100. 

I liked the simple documentation: 
There's a quick-reference brochure for 
those who dive into the lake without 
testing the water, and a simple man- 
ual for the more reflective types. 

I'm most familiar with the Model 
loo's text program and while Desk- 
Mate is similar, it is also easier to use 
and more versatile. The most inter- 
esting application turns the bottom 
of the screen into a 21-function cal- 
culator, while retaining the text 
above. 

Worksheet is serviceable, and 
Filer provides a way to store, re- 
trieve, sort, and otherwise juggle in- 
formation. This may well be Desk- 
Mate's strongest point. 

An alarm mode that reminds me 
I'm late for a meeting? A calendar to 
plan my month? A phone list with a 
maximum of 78 entries? These are 
interesting, but not very useful. 

DeskMate requires an 80-column 
monitor, so it's useless without a 
high-resolution monochrome or col- 
or display. If you had planned to 
avoid the cost of a monitor and use 
your TV set with your Tandy 1000, 
you won't be able to escape the 
40-character mode. In that case, 
DeskMate will be useless, even 
though it's included as part of the 
1000 package. 

—Richard Ramella 



and bulletin boards, you can create 
auto log-on files that automatically 
call any entry in your log with just a 
few keystrokes. You can also preset pa- 
rameters for favorite bulletin boards 
and save them to the log-on file. To run 
Telecom with those parameters directly 
from the main menu, position the cur- 
sor over the desired Telecom log file 
and press the enter key. 

You enter the terminal mode by 
pressing the F5 key, which displays a 
blank screen and a new choice of func- 
tions for the 1000's function keys. 
Telecom provides buffer controls and 
keys for uploading and saving buffer 
contents, and pressing the alternate 
and Fl keys list helpful hints. If you 
find your parameter settings incorrect 
after you connect with a remote host, 
hit the F12 key to return to the Tele- 
com menu, change the parameters, 
then return to the terminal mode to 
continue telecommunications. 

Telecom is comparable to many 
commercial terminal programs on the 
market. It's easy to learn and use, and 
unlike some of DeskMate's other inte- 
grated parts, you'll probably never 
have to replace it with a more power- 
ful program. 

Calendar 

The Calendar module is an event 
scheduler intended as your electronic 
appointment book. You can record 
future events with this date and the 
time. Calendar provides a convenient 
week-at-a-glance format so you'll know 
exactly what's going on and when. 

As in other applications, the Fl key 
initiates a search through your calen- 
dar for events of particular interest. 
However, if you want to see what's on 
tap for a specific date, use the date key 
(F2) and DeskMate displays informa- 
tion for that date on the screen. 

DeskMate's alarm function, which 
you set from the program's main 
menu, shows important appointments 
in the Events for Today window in 
DeskMate's opening display. 

The Calendar program also lets you 
merge files from other modules. You 
can select portions of a calendar file 
and save them as a document file, then 
merge them into Text or Worksheet 
with a single keystroke. 

I found the best use of this program 
is its integration with the alarm func- 
tion. It's easy to lose track of time 
when you spend hours in front of the 



34 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



REVIEWS 



computer. If I set the alarm before 
working in Text or Worksheet, Desk- 
Mate signals me at a preset hour. 

Mail 

Mail acts as a computer-based note- 
pad where people can write messages 
addressed to a specific person. You 
could describe it as a local bulletin 
board without the board. 

To leave a message, you hit the F2 
key, answer the From prompt and 
write a brief description of the mes- 
sage. Then enter the name of the recip- 
ient and the program goes into the text 
mode. You can enter as much text as 
you want, with no restrictions on length. 
To send the message (i.e., file it for the 
recipient), you press the F12 key. 

You can search through the Mail 
file by message author, date, or de- 
scription. You get a display of mes- 
sages by pressing the F3 key; alterna- 
tively, you can print out a message by 
pressing the F4 key. 

Mail has great potential for having 
some fun, especially if many people 
use your particular Tandy 1000. On a 
more practical basis, Mail would be 
useful as a message center for people 
in and out of contact with their office 
who need to receive their messages. 

The Documentation 

One of the pleasant surprises I 
found with DeskMate is its documen- 
tation. It comes with three booklets to 
help you get the most out of the soft- 
ware. The DeskMate Reference Man- 
ual is an in-depth booklet that con- 
tains all the information you'll need to 
use the program. It is separated into 
chapters by program module, so you 
don't have to rifle through its 82 pages 
to find how to get back to the main 
menu from Telecom's terminal mode. 

DeskMate also comes with a tuto- 
rial guide that holds your hand from 
the time you open the Tandy 1000 box 
and hook it up until you're acquainted 
with all its features. Also, Tandy in- 
cludes a quick-reference guide for 
times when you don't need a full ex- 
planation. Taken together, Desk- 
Mate's documentation is the best I've 
seen for any Tandy program. 

Conclusion 

It's easy to see why Tandy is so high 
on their newest computer and its 
bundled software. DeskMate's a 
product that hits the mark in every ap- 



plication a new user might need. And 
it's hard to equal as a "comes-with" 
package— it makes the Tandy 1000 a 
ready-to-go MS-DOS machine with a 
variety of applications. ■ 



Late-Breaking News 

As this review went to print, 
Tandy announced an upgraded 
version of DeskMate, version 1.1. 
According to Tandy, the new 
DeskMate provides the following 
enhancements: 

• The alarm beeps eight times in- 
stead of three. 

• The printer driver form-feeds be- 
fore printing the next page. 

• The Swap function lets you store 
DeskMate data on drive B. 

• The main menu offers improved 
color selection. 

• The spreadsheet stores color def- 
initions for file columns. 

• The spreadsheet rounds numbers 
instead of truncating them. 

• You can reset Find criteria with- 
out returning to a data base's first 
record. 

• The filer module provides an in- 
crease in capacity to 550 records for 
the 128K Tandy 1000. 

• The telecommunications pro- 
gram includes a delay function for 
slow modems. 

• The calendar module offers an 
expanded buffer that lets you store 
up to 100 events. 

• The calendar's intermittent file 
input/output errors are corrected. 

• You can merge files on two dif- 
ferent drives. 

• You can overwrite host files. 

• The Host mode disconnects a 
phone line if a user gives an incor- 
rect password three times. 

• The printer setup lets you use 
arrows. 

• The Phone feature gives you 
faster dialing. 

You can order DeskMate 1.1 
from your local Radio Shack Com- 
puter Center; it's free to registered 
Model 1000 owners. The enhanced 
DeskMate includes no instructions, 
but a text file on the disk outlines 
new procedures. 



A Utilities Grab-Bag 
ForTRSDOS6.X 

by Hardin Brothers 

• •••* 

I S-l tility Disk runs on the Model 4/4P (64k | 
and requires TRSDOS 6.X. Logical Systems 
Inc., 8970 N. 55th Street, P.O. Box 23956. Mil- 
waukee. Wl, 53223, 414-355-5454. $49. 
Easy to use: ir ir ir * •& 
Good docs: ir ir ir ir -ir 
Bug free: • * • • • 

Does the job: ir ir ir ir ir 

1 think TRSDOS 6.2 is the best op- 
erating system ever developed for 
8-bit computers (and maybe for any 
personal computer). But like any 
DOS, it may lack the utilities necessary 
to meet all your computing and pro- 
gramming needs. Logical Systems 
Inc., the creators of TRSDOS 6.X, 
fills the utilities gap with their 
reasonably priced package of eight 
programs called the LS-Utility Disk. 

The utilities include a calculator 
program, an expanded keystroke mul- 
tiplier, an input/output device filter, a 
printer driver, a disk sector analyzer, a 
program that reads 35- and 40-track 
disks on an 80-track system, a char- 
acter filter, and an enhanced job con- 
trol language file. The programs 
aren't related to each other in any 
way, but rather seem to be a collection 
of utilities LSI decided not to sell 
separately. 

CALC/FLT 

You install CALC/FLT, a keyboard 
filter, with the TRSDOS Set and Filter 
commands. It's a simple calculator 
program you invoke whenever you 
press clear/shift-C. It clears (and 
saves) the top line of the screen, 
displays a prompt, and waits for a 
command. This calculator can convert 
values from decimal to binary or hex- 
adecimal (hex), from binary to hex 
(but not to decimal), and from hex to 
binary or decimal. It can also add and 
subtract hex numbers. 

The calculator's range is limited to 8 
bits for binary numbers, four digits 
for hex numbers, and the integer range 
(-32768-32767 and 0-65535) for dec- 
imal numbers. Once you invoke the 
calculator, you can perform as many 
base conversions and calculations as 
you want, then press clear/shift-C to 
return to your program. CALC/FLT 
restores the top screen line and the cur- 
sor to their former positions. 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 35 



REVIEWS 



KSMPLUS/FLT 

You can use TRSDOS 6.X's key- 
stroke multiplier (KSM) program for 
program development, but it has sev- 
eral limitations. KSMPLUS over- 
comes some of them. 

Three different versions of KSM- 
PLUS are available. The simplest is 
KSMPLUS1, which adds four new 
special-function keys. You can also 
define the F1-F3 keys (both shifted 
and unshifted) as KSM keys, for a 
total of 32 predefined KSM key- 
strokes. 

With KSMPLUS 1, pressing clear/ 
shift-X displays, but doesn't execute, 
the last DOS command you entered. 
You can then edit the command. This 
offers a distinct advantage over 
TRSDOS 6.X's control-R function, 
which automatically reruns the last 
DOS command without giving you 
the opportunity to change it. 

Everyone will find the other three 
special-function keys useful: clear/ 
shift-T makes KSMPLUS send a Top- 
of-Form command (CHR$(12)) to the 
printer, clear/shift-Z generates the 
current system date in MM/DD/YY 
format, and clear/shift-S generates 
the current system time in HH:MM: 
SS format. 

KSMPLUS2 includes all the KSM- 
PLUS 1 features plus one other: you 
can redefine any KSM key while 
KSMPLUS is active. Pressing clear/ 
shift-E puts you in a key-edit mode. 
You can change or add to the defini- 
tion of any KSMPLUS key (including 
F1-F3). The only limitation is that you 
define enough free memory space 
when you enter KSMPLUS to store 
the new definitions. 

KSMPLUS3 is identical to KSM- 
PLUS2, except that after you define 
or redefine a KSM key, KSMPLUS3 
restores the screen to its condition 
before you started editing. 

PRCODES/FLT 

If your printer provides true back- 
spacing, PRCODES/FLT adds three 
functions to the TRSDOS *PR driver. 
It prints all zero characters as slashed 
zeros, and it supports boldface print- 
ing and underlining. 

You install PRCODES/FLT with 
up to four optional parameters. The 
first defines your printer's backspace 
character. PRCODES/FLT supports 
printers that require a single back- 
space character and those that require 



a 2-byte command sequence to back- 
space (for example, ESC-8). 

Once installed, you can use a single 
nonprinting character to toggle bold 
printing and underlining on and off. 
PRCODES/FLT creates boldface 
printing by forcing the printer to back- 
space and reprint each bold character. 
One parameter lets you specify how 
many times you want to print over 
each character. 

Unless otherwise instructed, PR- 
CODES/FLT creates underlining by 
backspacing and printing an underline 
character. 

If your printer already has slashed 
zeros, bold-strike, and underlining ca- 
pability, you may not find this filter 
useful. On the other hand, if it doesn't 
have those features, PRCODES/FLT 
may be a better (and cheaper) alterna- 
tive to buying a new printer. However, 
PRCODES/FLT only operates on 
characters sent through the TRSDOS 
printer driver. Since many word pro- 
cessors handle printer output directly 
without using the DOS driver, 
PRCODES may not operate success- 
fully with your word processing 
program. 

READ40/CMD 

If you use 5 V* -inch, 80-track drives 
with your Model 4, you know the 
frustration of not being able to read 
40-track disks on those drives. READ- 
40/CMD creates a special driver in 
high memory that allows an 80-track 
drive to read a 40- or 35-track disk. 
You could use it to copy the files on a 
40-track disk to another drive, then 
disable it to return to normal 80- 
track service. 

The driver that READ40/CMD 
creates is capable only of reading in- 
formation from a disk; you can't use it 
to write to that disk or with the 
TRSDOS Repair command. How- 
ever, you can use it to read TRSDOS 
1.3 disks with the Convert utility in- 
cluded in TRSDOS 6.X. In addition, 
you can invoke DOS functions like the 
Directory, Copy, and Back-up com- 
mands using the READ40 drive as a 
source. 

Since I don't have an 80-track drive, 
I was unable to test READ40/CMD. 
However, one of its functions is to 
display an informative drive table of 
all eight possible logical drives. 
READ40 would do so on my system, 



but the documentation fails to indicate 
what the table means. 

TRAP/FLT 

TRAP/FLT is the simplest program 
on the LS-Utilities disk. It traps any 
individual character sent to or from 
any logical device, and keeps that 
character from appearing in the input 
or output stream. For example, you 
may want to prevent the computer 
from sending a CHR$(23) to the dis- 
play to stop someone from accidental- 
ly turning on the expanded (40-) char- 
acter mode while a program runs. You 
could do so by filtering the display 
driver *DO with a copy of TRAP/FLT 
to capture and discard all CHR$(23) 
bytes sent as output. 

TRAP/FLT is capable of trapping 
only a single character. If you want to 
use it to trap more than one character, 
you can either install it several times or 
use MAXLATE/FLT instead. 

MAXLATE/FLT 

KSMPLUS (and TRSDOS 6.X's 
KSM/FLT) only filter keyboard input 
and only respond to a limited range of 
input characters. MAXLATE/FLT 
filters any input or output to a logical 
device (screen, keyboard, printer, 
RS-232 line, disk file, and so on). 

MAXLATE can change any input 
or output character to any other 
character or group of characters (or to 
a null). First, you have to create a 
translation table either with the 
TRSDOS Build command or with a 
text editor. The translation table mere- 
ly lists the characters you want MAX- 
LATE to intercept, plus the new char- 
acter or characters to which you want 
them changed. You can express values 
in the translation table in either hexa- 
decimal or ASCII format. 

For example, if you wanted to cre- 
ate an output filter attached to a 
printer that translates every zero to the 
string "0 (zero)" and every letter O to 
"O (oh)", the translation table would 
look like this: 

30 = "0 (zero)" 
4F = "O (oh)" 

You can make more than one copy 
of MAXLATE active at any one time, 
with each translating either the input 
or output of any logical device. The 
LS-Utilities package includes two 
predefined MAXLATE files: one 
changes the Model 4 QWERTY key- 

Continued on p. 1 10 



36 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 406 on Reader Service card. 



arcle 449 on Reader Service card. 



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Circle 27 on Reader Service card. 



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PowerSCRIPT 4.2 

The state-of-the art UNIVERSAL add-on 

enhancement for SCRIPSIT- users! 

Now supports TRUE Model 4/4P 

80 column version of SCRIPSIT 

Supports ALL released versions of 

SCRIPSIT*- for 4/III/I. 

Get the MOST from your printer! 

Our PowerSCRIPT modification for SCRIPSIT (all versions) gives you 
everything that SuperSCRIPSIT does, except for proportional print- 
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With all the smarter printers out there, it doesn't make sense to use 
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We could recommend every one of them. IF YOU WANTED TO BUY 
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Some features that get added to SCRIPSIT via PowerSCRIPT 4.2: 

• Send commands to printer to activate special formats and functions, even 
embedded in the middle ol the line! 

• Get an ALPHABETICAL Directory from within PSCRIPT and FETCH. KILL, or 
CHAIN, any file right from the display! No more going back to DOS' 

• Keyboard can be customized tor special needs or keys 

• Special characters can be generated from keyboard without using special 
printer codes! 

• Removes protection lor your own use 

• Any code from 1 through 255 can be sent to printer through special format 
line. 

• Video PAGE FORWARD OR REVERSE at a key-stroke! 

• Multiple files can be CHAINED together at print time 1 

• Will not crash programs protected in HIGH MEMORY 

• END " returns to DOS READY quickly instead of rebooting operating system 

• Built-in HELP command' HELP can be modified by user 

• Optionally select line feed after carriage return. 

• Support lor user definable filters included. 

For Model 4/4P. III. or I (lower case only ) Works with most Model l/lll operating 
systems or TRSDOS 6.0-6.2 on the Mod 4 Will work OK wrth TRSDOS 2.7DD. 
except for DIR from PSCRIPT Purchaser must own appropriate version ot disk 
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PowerSCRIPT 4.2 Still only $39.95 

SuperSCRIPSIT" Users... 
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Circle 124 on Header Service card. 




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TANDY 



TANDY 1000 

25-1000 Model 1000 128K 1 Disk Drive $1199.00 

25-1003 Modem Option 1000/1200 179.95 

25-1004 Memory Exp 128K 1000/1200 299.95 

25-1005 Disk Drive Expansion 1000 299.95 

25-1006 RS-232C Interface 1000/1200 99.95 

25-1007 Hard Disk Control Board 329.95 

25-1009 2ND Memory Board 249.95 

25-1501 MS-DOS Reference T-1000 34.95 

25-1502 BASIC Reference T-1000 34.95 

25-1155 Scripist 1000 299.95 

25-1145 Lotus 123 1000 495.00 

25-1151 DR Graph 1000 195.00 

TANDY 1200 

25-3000 Tandy 1200 1 Disk & 10 Meg HD $2495.00 

25-3010 VM-3 Green Monitor 219.00 

26-3212 CM-2 Color Monitor 549.95 

25-3040 Monochrome Display Adapter . . . 219.00 

25-3043 Graphics Display Adapter 299.00 

25-3044 Graphics Master 695.00 

25-3061 Captain Multifunction Board 795.00 

25-3130 MSDOS/BASIC 89 95 

25-3170 Wordstar Professional 395.00 

25-3160 Framework 695.00 

25-3161 PFS File 140.00 

25-3190 dBase III 695.00 

TANDY 2000 

26-5103 Tandy 2000 2 Disk Drive $2499.00 

26-5104 Tandy 2000 1 Disk & 10 Meg HD 3950.00 

26-5111 Monochrome Monitor 199.95 

26-5112 Color Monitor 649.00 

26-5140 Hi Res Graphic Monochrome Bd. 359.95 

26-5141 Hi Res Color Graphics Chips 149.95 

26-5160 Internal 128K Memory Board . . . 299.00 

26-5300 Lotu3 123 495.00 

26-5311 Microsoft Multiplan 195.00 

26-5320 Framework 695.00 

26-5352 dBase II (Data Base) 595.00 

26-5330 Multmate ^ 249.00 



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PORTABLE-COLO 



MODEL 200 

26-3860 24K Model 200 Portable Comp $ 999.00 

26-3866 24K RAM Mem. Exp. Chip for 200 249.95 

26-3804AC Adaptor 5.95 

26-3805 Accoustic Coupler 39.95 

26-3816 8K RAM Memory Expansion Chip 1 19.95 

26-1409 Printer Cable 14.95 

26-1410 Modem Cable 19.95 

26-3809 Briefcase 49.95 

26-3811 Soft Carrying Case for 100/200 39 95 

26-1183 Bar Code Reader 99.95 

26-3806 Disk Video Interface 799.00 

26-3829 Multiplan ROM for 100 149 95 

COLOR COMPUTERS 

26-3127 64K Extended Cotor Computer 2 $ 219.95 

26-3136 16K Extended Color Computer 2 159.95 

26-3129 Thinline Disk Drive O for Co Co . 349.95 

26-3018 Extended Basic Kit 39.95 

26-3030OS-9 With Editor Assembler 69.95 

26-3012 Deluxe Joystick 39.95 

VIP Integrated Library 149.95 

VIP Writer 69.95 

VIP Calc 69.95 

Telewriter Disk 

Botek Interface 

MONITORS ~ 

30261110 Amdek 300 Green $ 179.00 

30261120 Amdek 300A Amber 199.00 

30261130 Amdek 310A Amber 230.00 

30261150 Amdek 300 Color Composite 349.00 

30261160 Amdek 500 Cotor RGB/Comp . 525.00 

30261170 Amdek 600 Cotor RGB 599.00 

30261210 Comrex 5600 Green 12" 1 19.95 

30261220 Comrex 5650 Amber 12" .... 129.95 

30261230 Comrex 6550 Color Composite 329.95 

30261260 Comrex 6700 Color RGB Hi Res 549.00 

30261510 Teknika MH22 RGB/Composite 399.00 
30261410 NEC 12"Cotor Composite 



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FOR INFORMATION CALL 1-517-625-4161 



AN prtea. and oftara may ba changad or (MM »*hou« r«k». **>artlaad prte^ ara a^ prte^. C^n lw ah*o*r^ chargaa. C ' -oeeptad. (WOO charga par carton on C.O.O Can tor furthar COO 
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PRINTERS 



PERSONAL-BUSINESS 



LIST OUR 

PRICE PHICE 



MODEL 4 

26-1069 Model 4 64K 2 Drive Computer $1299.00 

26-1080 Model 4P 64K Portable Computer 1299.00 

26-1122 64K Memory Expansion 79.95 

26-1127 Model 4 Internal Drive 1 499.95 

26-1123 Model 3 to Model 4 Upgrade Kit . 799.00 

26-1084 Model 4P Modem Board 149.00 

26-1085 Model 4P Travel Case 24.95 

26-1530 Multiplan Model 4 199.00 

26-1595 Super Scripist Model 4 199.95 

26-1635 Profile 4 Model 4 249.95 

26-2216 CP/M Plus Model 4 . 149.00 

26-2231 Double Duty Utility 69.95 

MODEL 12 A 6000 ~ 

26-4005 Model 12 80K 2 Drive Computer . $3999.00 

26-6021 Model 6000 512K 2 Dr Computer 4499.00 

26-6022 Model 6000 512K 15Meg HD 5499 00 

26-6014 Model 12 to 6000 Upgrade 1595 00 

26-6015 Model 6000 512K Memory Board 1095.00 

26-6016 Model 6000 512K Memory Kit 849.00 

26-6017 Card Cage For Model 12 199.00 

26-6052 DT-100 Data Terminal 795.00 

26-4155 15 Meg Hard Drive Primary 1995.00 

26-4171 35 Meg Hard Drive Primary 2995.00 

26-4157 Installation Kit for Primary HD 349.00 

COLUMBIA A SANYO ~ 

10021020 VP2110 Columbia Ptb 2 Dk 128K $2495.00 

10021030 VP2220 Columbia Ptb 2 Dk 256K 2695.00 

10021040 MPC4210 Columbia 2 Dk 128K . 2495.00 

10021050 MPC4220 Columbia 2 Dk 256K 2695.00 

10021060 MPC4610 Columbia H Dk 128K 4195.00 

10021070 MPC4620 Columbia H Dk 256K 4395.00 

10021080 MPC47 50 Columbia Pro 10 M 512K . 4995.00 

10021090 MPC4950 Columbia Pro 30 M 512K 5995.00 

10041020 MBC555-2 Sanyo 1 Drive 128K 999.00 

10041040 MBC555-2 Sanyo 2 Disk 128K 1495.00 

10041550 CRT-36 Sanyo Green Screen . 199.00 

10041560 CRT-70 Sanyo Color Screen . . . 749.00 



$ 950.00 
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RADIO SHACK PRINTERS 

26-1276 DMP-105 Dot Matrix Printer 
26-1275 TRP-100 Portable Thermal Printer 

26-1271 DMP-110 50/25 cps Printer 

26-1255 DMP 120 Printer 120cps Matrix . . 
26-1268 CGP-220 Color Ink-Jet Printer . . . 
26-1257 DWP 210 14 cps Daisy Wheel . . . 
26-1277 DMP-430 24 Wire Matrix Printer . 
26-1270 DWP-510 43 cps Daisy Wheel . . . 
26-1274 DMP-2100P 24 Dot Wire Matrix . . 
26-1272 LMP-2150 Line Printer . . . 

26-1269 PT-64 Printer Controller 

26-1498 SW-302 Printer Switch 

EPSON/COMREX PRINTERS 

20001010 RX-80 Dot Matrix Printer . 
20001020 RX-80 FAT Dot Matrix Printer 
20001030 FX-80 Dot Matrix Printer ... 
20001040 JX-80 Color Dot Matrix Printer 
20001050 HI-80 4 Pin Plotter . 
20002010 RX-100 Dot Matrix Printer 
20002020 FX-100 Dot Matrix Printer 
20003010 LQ-1500 18 Pin Head with Intt 
20003510 CR-IIE Comrex Com Riter 

20001510 FX-80 Tractor 

20004080 NLQ Parallel Intrlace 

20004030 RX/FX 2K Serial Board . . . 

PRINTERS 

20021010 Okidata Microline 82 

20021020 Okidata Microline 92 

20022040 Okidata Microline 93 

20041020 Star SG10 Printer . 
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124 S. nniN ST. PERBU ffllCH 18872 



FIGHT SIMULATOR 



« 




3Ti 





I 



he term "computer simula- 
tion" means different things 
to different people, but in my 
line of work it means a kind of synthetic 
experiment. 

As an operations analyst with a 
specialty in computer-based simula- 
tions, I've designed models of armed 
combat, surveillance and border patrol 
operations on the U.S.-Mexico bound- 
ary, and air defense. I've also simulated 
procedures for safeguarding nuclear 
materials. In each simulation, my pur- 
pose was to determine how the interac- 
tions of random factors affect the real- 
world process I simulated. 

In this article, I'll explain what a 
simulation does and how it works. As a 
sample program, I'll use a relatively 
simple Model III combat simulation 
called Endgame. 

The Method 

The simulations I design use the 
Monte Carlo simulation technique, 
which involves artificially acting out a 
random process many times, storing 
data from each repetition, and analyz- 
ing that data. 

As with any Monte Carlo simulation, 
I you must first create a model of the pro- 
cess you're simulating. The model is sim- 
ply your perception of the process's crit- 
ical components and how they interact, 
so opportunities for error are limitless. 
In fact, most bad simulations are based 
on an underlying model that's flaky. 

40 • 80 Micro, May 1985 




In formulating this model, you need 
a clear idea of the kind of information 
you want to get from the simulation; 
when you plan any kind of experiment, 
you need a clear understanding of just 
what it is you're trying to find out. In 
Endgame, I'm mainly interested in the 
losses each side incurs, and in which 
weapon types in the opposing force in- 
flict these losses. 

Since the whole point of a simulation 
is to mimic real-life circumstances com- 
plete with chance occurrences, a simula- 
tion assigns random values to factors 
that affect a situation. The values 
selected depend on a probability curve; 
some events are likely to happen the 
same way every time, while others are 
less predictable. The quality of your 
model depends on the quality of the 
probability distributions for the key fac- 
tors in a simulation. 

When I say "random" I mean, of 
course, pseudorandom values. Most 
programmers use a congruence algo- 
rithm of one sort or another for ran- 
domness that yields a series of numbers 
that behave, for practical purposes, like 
random numbers. (For more back- 
ground on Monte Carlo simulation 
techniques, see "The Business of Plan- 
ning," September 1983, p. 74.) 

In addition to using a good model, 
you must replicate the simulation 
enough times to get valid (stable) re- 
sults. A simulation's stability, or relia- 
bility, depends on the number of times 



& 



iy 



you repeat the simulation. This means 
that fast execution speed is highly de- 
sirable, because in some cases you 
might want to replicate the experiment 
hundreds of times. 

When you see a simulation built on 
an excessively complex model, it often 
turns out that the designer included ex- 
traneous components in the interest of 
"realism." But a simulation isn't reality 
and nothing you do can make it real. If 
you build your model in terms of 
realism, instead of selecting those com- 
ponents that influence the process, 
you're not engaged in an experiment but 
in imitative magic. This approach creates 
confusion about what the simulation can 
and cannot tell you, and results in a 
slow-running program with abundant 
crannies in which bugs can hide. 

The Endgame Model 

Endgame is a critical-event-se- 
quenced Monte Carlo simulation; that 
is, as time passes, the program sees that 
specified events occur in a certain order. 

Endgame simulates the passage of 
time by seeding random values in its 
event clocks, which the main routine 

System Requirements 

Models I, III, 4, and 1000 

32KRAM 

Disk Basic 






A professional simulation engineer describes 
the design and implementation of a 
Model HI/4 combat simulator. 










Variable Description 

IQ60) Event clocks (starting with Blue) 

IG(60) Target 

IL(60) Status flag (al = ABve, 0= defunct) 

IR(60) Range to target 

IV(4) Projectile velocity 

JB{60) Random dithering bias on X coordinate 

JL(4) Time to aim weapon 

KD(4) Mean time to detect (seconds) 

LP(32) Target priority 

LT(60) Weapon/target type 

MF(8) Rounds fired accumulator 

MX(32) Killer/victim accumulator 

NP(2) Number of elements per side (1= Blue, 2 = Red) 

PA(4) Presented area of target (square meters) 

PV(4) Average projectile velocity (meters/second) 

PZ(16) Conditional kin probability, point blank range 

P 1(16) Conditional kin probability, 2000 meters 

QF(8) Accumulates sums of squares from MF 

QL(32) Accumulates sums of squares from MX 

XM(4) Mfl error of weapon 

ZF(8) Accumulates MF each replication 

ZL(32) Accumulates MX each replication 

IX Side (1 = Blue, 2= Red) 

IZ Side(IZ = 3-K) 

J X Serial ID of acting element 

JY Serial ID of target element 

KX Basic event code 

L X Event clock index of acting element 

LZ Event clock index of target element 

JT Elapsed time 

IS 18 (time resolution is 18 counts/second) 

KL 18 (one second) 

IT 32,4000 Cmfinity) 

MB High memory address where number of Blue resides 

MR High memory address where number of Red resides 

MT High memory address where number of Blue + Red resides 

IE Address - 1 of IE in high memory 

IH Address - 1 of IH in high memory 

IK Address - 1 of K in high memory 

IO Address - 1 of IO in high memory 

JR Address - 1 of JR in high memory 

LO Address of event code of acting element 

KG Maximum game time 

KF Flag to trigger postprocessing 

JH Flag for printout 

GT Elapsed time accumulator 

QB Blue losses accumulator (sums of squares) 

QR Red losses accumulator (sums of squares) 

QT Elapsed time accumulator for sample mean 

TB Blue losses accumulator for sample mean 

TR Red losses accumulator for sample mean 



Table 1. Endgame's principal variables. 



Variable Description 

IE (255 bytes) Exponential structure 

IH (480 bytes) Probability of hit versus range 

IK (480 bytes) Conditional kfll probability versus range 

IO (60 bytes) Event codes corresponding to event clocks 

JC (60 bytes) X coordinates 

JR (250 bytes) Range look-up table 

KC (60 bytes) Y coordinates 

Table 2. Data blocks in high memory. 




scans for the lowest value, called a low 
clock. The time in the low clock is the 
present; the values in the other clocks 
represent the future. As the value of the 
low clock changes, time progresses. 

Endgame recognizes five critical 
events in the combat simulation: Initiate 
Search for Target, Select Target, Fire at 
Target, Assess Result of Fire, and End 
of Battle. These events and their interac- 
tions, together with user inputs and the 
probability distributions associated 
with them, constitute my model of a fire 
fight. 

Although many analysts would con- 
sider my model woefully lacking in real- 
ism, I think that for the limited type of 
engagement h represents, it's quite ade- 
quate. It makes sense to expand a model 
only if the added factors significantly in- 
fluence the simulation's outcome. 

Survival of the Fittest 

Of all the warlike simulations de- 
signed during the past three decades, 
none has seen more use than the End- 
game simulation, which involves a 
small-unit, direct-fire ground battle, 
typically dominated by armored fight- 
ing vehicles. 

Governments use this kind of simula- 
tion in selecting new designs for fighting 
vehicles, whether they be tanks, infantry 
fighting vehicles, or mobile assault guns. 

Three factors characterize such de- 
signs: power train and on-board fuel ca- 
pacity, the weapons system proper, and 
armor protection. Any concession, in 
terms of weight or volume, to one of 
these features comes at the expense of 
the other two. 

Analyzing and testing of weapons sys- 
tems provides information on a vehicle's 
mobility, weapons performance, and ar- 
mor protection. But the operations 
analyst looks for more than isolated per- 
formance trials of these systems. He 
wants to know what combination of ma- 
jor design features will best help the vehi- 
cle survive and fight effectively under 



42 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



In the Endgame 
scenario, Red and 
Blue forces face each 
other on a battlefield. 
The individual 
fighting units am 
weapons, not men. 



J 



various threats in an attrition environ- 
ment. (When an operations analyst 
speaks of "attrition environment," he 
means approximately, "A guy could get 
Idled in a place Eke this.") 

Endgame is an example of this kind 
of design testing. True, it's a limited ex- 
ample; the elements can't move, and the 
maximum size of the forces is on the 
small side. But my objective was a pro- 
gram that could easily fit in a 32K 
system. 

Program Listing 1 is the main pro- 
gram. Program Listing 2 is the dock 
scan routine's source code. Table 1 lists 
the program's principal variables; Table 
2 describes data blocks in high memory. 
Tables 3 and 4 show modifications for 
the Models 4 and 1000, respectively. 

The Players 

In the Endgame scenario, Red and 
Blue forces face each other on a battle- 
field extending 2,500 meters east and 
west and 1,000 meters north and south. 
The Blue line of battle is the extreme 
western edge of the field. The engage- 
ment range, a user input, determines the 
nominal position of Red's battle line. 

The program uses a range resolution 
of 100 meters to calculate the probabili- 
ty of a hit or kill and a round's flight 
time. So you can think of the battlefield 
as a neat grid of 100-meter squares. 

The program's individual fighting 
units are weapons, not men. I loaded the 
program with data describing four types 
of armored fighting vehicles; they're the 
same for the Red and Blue sides. 

Although these weapon systems are 
hypothetical (in the interest of keeping 
me out of jail), you can make some as- 
sumptions based on the data describing 
each one. Type 1 is almost certainly a 
heavy battle tank. It probably weighs in 
at close to 60 tons and fires a flat- 
trajectory, kinetic-energy round that 
would penetrate just about anything on 
the battlefield. 

Type 2 is a light tank that fires a 



SET HINDI AT 61666. 

Replace corresponding lines In Program Listing 1 with the following: 

1MI CLEAR :DEPINT I-HxGOTO 25M t 'This is ENDGAME/BAS 

2336 CLSi PRINT CHR$(23) :PRIRTC498, "KILLER/VICTIM MATRIX' 

2811 DBF D8R6-tHF668iDEF USRl-fcHP6SD:PP$-'POSTPROCBSSING' 

2821 JR-iHF5D8-l : IE-4HP4D9-1 i IH-tHFll 9-1 I IX-4HP2F9-1 

2838 IO-iHF6DD-l:HB-tHF6DB:NR-tHF6DC:MT-&HP6D8 

2848 JC-iBF6D2-l:RB-RP(l) i MR-HP (2) iNT-NB+NRsKC-JC+66 

4198 IF LH-1 THRU PRIHT8676, Ml; ELSE PRIHT6678, BL6; 

4218 FOR 1 — 4896 TO -3883:READ J: POKE I.JsHEXT I : RETURN 

4221 DATA 229,221,225,221,118,8,221,182,1,34,214 

4226 DATA 248,281,229,221,225,221,118,8,221,182,1 

4238 DATA 34,75,247,58,74,183.254,1,48,7 

4248 DATA 62,1,58,74,247,24,4,175,58,74 

4258 DATA 247,221,42,75,247,253,33,221,248,14 

4266 DATA 1,58,74,247,254,1,48,14,58,216 

4276 DATA 248,79,61,22,8,95,253,25,221,25 

4286 DATA 221,25,58,216,246,71,33,255,255,34 

4296 DATA 81,247,237,91,81,247,221,162,1,221 

4366 DATA 116,6,183,237,82,48,18,25,34,81 

4316 DATA 247,221,34,217,246,121,56,88,247,253 

4326 DATA 126,6,56,79,247,58,74,247,254,1 

4336 DATA 32,9,221,35,221,35,253,35,12,24 

4346 DATA 7,221,43,221,43,253,43,13,16,198 

4358 DATA 58,88,247.79,58,219,248,183,185,56 

4366 DATA 13,62,1,56,77,247,58,88,247,56 

4378 DATA 78,247,24,17,62,2,56,77,247,58 

4386 DATA 219,246,79,58,86,247.183,153,56,78 

4396 DATA 247,33,77,247,17,6,6,6,4,221 

4468 DATA 42,214,246,126,35,221,119,6,221,25 

4416 DATA 16,247,126,35,221,119,6,126,221,119 

4426 DATA 1,261 



Also, replace the Model III [ character with * in lines 161 
1766, 1796, 1886, 1818, 1866, 1898, 3958, and 4686. 



Table 3. Endgame modifications for the Model 4. 



1726, 1736, 



CLEAR :DEFIHT I-NiGOTO 2586 s 'This is ENDGAME/BAS 

NX=NX+1:KF-6:IP NX-HE THEN KP-liCLSi LOCATE 5,17iPRINT ■ENDGAME'; 

CLSiLOCATE 9,13<PRIHT "EILLER/VICTIH MATRIX' 

CLS:GOSUB 2676 :GOSOB 3821 : LOCATE 5,17 1 PRINT 'ENDGAME' » :GOSUB 3781 

IF LH-1 THEN LOCATE 9,26:PRINT H$; ELSE LOCATE 9,26iPRINT BL$: 

FOR 1—28488 TO -26385: READ J i POKE I,J>NEXT I: RETURN 

DATA 139,7,163,214,176,263,144,144,144,144 

DATA 144,144,144,166,74,183,66,1,116,7 

DATA 176,1,162,74,183,235,5,176,6,162 

DATA 74,183,139,55,191,221,176,181,8,138 

DATA 14,216,176,178,1,166,74,183,66,1 

DATA 116,16,138,22,216,176,188,8,136,268 

DATA 254,288,1,198,1,198,1,199,184,255 

DATA 255,163,81,183,161,81,183,139,28,57 

DATA 195,115,18,137,36,81,183,137,54,217 

DATA 176,136,22,88,183,138,53,136,54,79 

DATA 183,166,74,183,68,1,117,7,78,78 

DATA 71,254,194,235,5,78,78,79,254,262 

DATA 226,268,166,88,183,136,196,138,36,219 

DATA 176,183,6,46,216,126,4,136,196,183 

DATA 1,254,199,136,62,77,183,136,38,78 

DATA 183,198,77,183,139,62,214,176,185,4 

DATA 8,138,4,136,5,76,131,199,6,226 

DATA 246,139,4,137,5,263 



Delete lines 4486 to end. 

Also, replace the Model III [ character with * in lines 1688, 1726, 1736, 
1766, 1796, 1886, 1818, 1868, 1898, 3956, and 4666. 



Table 4. Endgame modifications for the Model 1000. 



Program Listing I. Endgame /B AS. 



1000 CLEAR 768sDEFINT I -N: GOTO 2580 t 'This is ENDGAME/BAS 

1011 'MEMORY SIZE?-45000:MOD I, MOD III. 20 JAN. 1985 

1020 IF IL(LX)<1 THEN IC (LX) -IT :KX«0: RETURN 

1030 POME LO,2^IC(LX)=JT+PEEK(IE+INT(RND(.l)*MM)+l)*KD(L) ! RETURN 

1040 KX=5:KB=(lZ-l)*NP(IX)+l:KE=KB+ITP(IX)-liK-IHT(RHD(.l)*MP(IX})+ 

1+KB-l 

1050 M-(IX-l)*I6+(L-l)*I4:FOR 1-1 TO I4:MP-M+I 

1060 FOR J-l TO NP(IZ) :X-K4-liIF K>KB THEN K-KB 

1070 IF IL(K)=0 TED) 1090 

1080 LS-R:IF LT(X)-LP(KP) THEN IG(LX)«E"l J-HP(IX) :I-I4:KX-2 

UHNfl iiiriini/osjn* 



80 Micro, May 1965 • 43 



kinetic-energy round. Type 3 is a little 
murky, but may fire a shaped-charge 
round and depend on a pulsed laser for 
good range information. 

Type 4 is probably some sort of ar- 
mored personnel carrier, judging from 
its huge profile. Its weapon appears to 
be some sort of guided missile, prob- 
ably controlled by a joystick. 

The Simulation 

After you type in Listing 1 and save it 
to disk, you must set high memory 
before loading and running Endgame. 
To do so, re-enter Bask, typing in 



45,000 at the memory size prompt. 

When you load and run Endgame, it 
issues a series of prompts: 

Order of Battle? 
Target Priorities? 
Fngagnucut Range? 
Max. Game Time? 
How Many Replications? 
How Many Event Histories? 
Win You Want Hard Copy? 

If you respond to each prompt by 
pressing the enter key, Endgame simu- 
lates a default game. The first two 
prompts require fairty detailed inputs if 



your response is anything except pressing 
the enter key or typing in N; the other 
prompts require only a single entry. 

"Order of battle" is military jargon 
for the number and types of units in the 
opposing forces. The default gives Red 
and Blue identical forces: 12 fighting 
vehicles, three each of the four weapons 
types described above. 

If you want a different order of bat- 
tle, type in Y and the program prompts 
you for the total number of elements on 
each side and also for the number of 
each type. The program doesn't check 
for contradictory input, so if you 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 45 



Listing I continued from p. 43 

1090 NEXT J:NEXT It IC(LX) -JT+JL(L) +INT(RND( .1) *KL) +1 : POKE LO f 3tRET 

URN 

1100 IP IL(LZ)-0 THEN IC(LX)-JT+INT(RND(.l)*KL)+li KX-0: POKE LO r Ili 

RETURN 

1110 JD-ABS ( PEEK (JC+LX) -PEEK (JC+LZ)) i POKE LO,4 

1120 KD-ABS ( PEEK (KC+LX) -PEEK (KC+LZ)) :IM-1 

1130 M-PEEK(JR+( (JD-1)*I0)+KD) i IC(LX) -JT+(M*1800)/IV(L) 

1140 K-(IX-1)*I4+L:MF(K)-KF(K)+1:IR(LX)-M:RETURN 

1150 IF IL(LX)-0 THEN IC(LX)-IT ELSE IC (LX) -JT+JL(L) +INT(RND( .1) *K 

L)+l 

1160 IP IL(LZ)-0 THEN IC (LX) =JT+INT(RND( .1) *KL) +1 : KX-0 :POKE LO , 1 : R 

ETURN 

1170 M-IR(LX) :N«(M-1)*I6+(L-1)*I4+LT(LZ) iPOKE LO,3 

1180 IJ-IjIF (INT(RND(.l)*!tM)+l)>PEEK(IH+N) THEN RETURN 

1190 IJ-2:IF (INT(RND(.1)*MM)+1) >PEEK(IK+N) THEN RETURN 

1200 IL(LZ)-0:IF PEEK(IO+LZ)<I4 THEN POKE IO+LZ, liIC(LZ)-IT 

1210 IJ-3:IF LT(LZ)-4 THEN IC(LZ)-IT:POKE IO+LZ r l 

1220 N-(IX-1)*I6+(L-1)*4+LT(LZ) :MX(N)-HX(N)+l:POKE LO,Il 

1225 IF IL(LX)<1 THEN IC(LX)-IT ELSE IC(LX) -JT+INT(RND( .1) *KL) +1 

1230 RETURN 

1240 KJ-USRl(VARPTR(IC(l))) 

1250 IZ-3-IX:LZ«IG(LX) tL-LT(LX) : IJ=0 :LO-LX+IO: IM-0 

1280 IF JT>KG THEN KX-5 

1290 IF KX<5 THEN 1330 

1300 IF JT->IT THEN JT-KG 

1310 GOSUB 1660 :IF KF-1 THEN RETURN 

1320 GOSUB 1580 :GOTO 1240 

1330 ON KX GOSUB 1020 ,1040 ,1100 ,1150 

1340 IF KX-0 THEN 1240 

1350 IF KX-4 AND IJ-0 THEN 1240 

1360 IF KX-3 AND IM-0 THEN 1240 

1370 IF KX<5 THEN 1410 

13 80 IF JT->IT THEN JT-KG 

13 90 GOSUB 1660 :IF KF-1 THEN RETURN 

1400 GOSUB 1580 tGOTO 1240 

1410 IF IW<I1 THEN 1240 ELSE JZ«LZ+(IX-1) *NP(1) 

1420 IF JH-1 THEN LPRINT USING F$; JT/IS» iLPRINT S$(IX) >JX| 

1430 PRINT USING F$j JT/ISj : PRINT S$(IX);JX| 

1440 IF KXOI1 THEN 1470 

1450 IF JH-1 THEN LPRINT'Initiates Search" 

1460 PRINT"Initiates Search'xGOTO 1240 

1470 IF KXOI2 THEN 1500 

1480 IF JH-I1 THEN LPRINT" Targets ";S$(IZ)|JZ 

1490 PRINT "Targets ";S$(IZ) ; JZxGOTO 1240 

1500 IF KX>I3 THEN 1550 

1510 IF JH-1 THEN LPRINT'Fires at ">S$(IZ)|JZ; 

1520 IF JH-1 THEN LPRINT"Range" ;IR(LX) *100+JB(LX) +JB(LZ) 

1530 PRINT'Fires at "SS(IZ);JZ;" Range"; 

1540 PRINT IR(LX)*100+JB(LX)+JB(LZ) xGOTO 1240 

1550 IF JH<1 THEN 1570 

1560 LPRINT" vs " »S$(IZ) / JZj" Assess ";R$(IJ) 

1570 PRINT" vs a fS$(XI)fJZy" Assess ";R$(IJ) tGOTO 1240 

1580 J5-IO»NT-NP(l)+NP(2) jFOR 1-1 TO NT:IC(I) -INT(RND( .1) *36) +1 

1590 J5-J5+liPOKE J5,l 

1600 IL(I)-1«NEXT IiPRINT"Replication #";NX+1 

1610 IF JH<1 THEN RETURN ELSE IF IW<1 THEN RETURN 

1620 LPRINT CHR$(12) 

1630 LPRINT'Bvent History, Replication # "jNX+1 

1640 LPRINT" " 

1650 RETURN 

1660 NX-NX+1iKF-0iIF NX-NE THEN KP-1:CLS jPRINT8272,L$; 

1670 HJ-0:MK-0:IF KF-1 THEN GOSUB 4180 

1680 FOR 1-1 TO 32iZL(I)-ZL(I)+MX(I):QL(I)-QL(I)+MX(I)[2 

1690 IF K17 THEN MK-MK+MX(I) ELSE MJ-MJ+MX(I) 

1700 IF KF-1 THEN GOSUB 4180 

1710 MX(I)-0iNEXT ItIW-IW-1 

17 20 TB-TB+MJ : QB-QB+MJ [ 2 x TR-TR+MK : QR-QR+MK [ 2 

1730 GT-GT+JT/lSiQT-QT+(JT/IS) [2 

1740 FOR 1-1 TO 8iZF(I)-ZF(I)+MF(I) 

1750 IP KF-1 THEN GOSUB 4180 

1760 QF(I)-QF(I)+MF(I)[2:MF(I)-0:NEXT I 

1770 IF KF-0 THEN RETURN ELSE M$-PP$tGOSUB 4180 

1780 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT CHR$(12) 

1790 ZE-NEiGT-GT/ZBtQT-(QT/2E)-GT[2 

1800 TB-TB/ZEiTR-TR/ZEtVB-(QB/ZE)-TB[2 

1810 VR-(QR/ZE)-TR[2iIF VR<EPS THEN VR-0 

1820 IF VB< EPS THEN VB-0 

1830 VB-SQR(VB) iVR-SQR(VR) 

1840 GOSUB 4180 tIF QT<EPS THEN QT-0 

1850 QT-SQR(QT) :FOR 1-1 TO 32:GOSUB 4180 

1860 V-(QL(I)/ZE)-(ZL(I)/ZE) [2tIF V<EPS THEN V-0 

1870 ZL(I)-ZL(I)/ZEiQL(I)-SQR(V*(ZE/(ZE-l))):NEXT I 

1880 FOR 1-1 TO 8: GOSUB 4180 

1890 V-(QP(I)/ZE)-(ZF(I)/ZE) [2:IF V<EPS THEN V-0 

1900 ZF(I)-ZF(I)/ZBtQF(I)-SQR(V*(ZE/(ZE-l))):NEXT I 



Listing 1 continued 




specify a total Blue force of 30 elements 
and also specify 16 heavy tanks and 18 
armored personnel carriers, you're in 
for a sick, sick simulation. 

The maximum number of total ele- 
ments in a game is 60; the only restric- 
tion on Red or Blue force sizes is that 
their sum can't exceed 60. 

Blue's default target priorities are, 
from highest to lowest, Red type 4, type 
3, type 2, and type 1. Red's default 
target priorities are Blue type 1, type 2, 
type 3, and type 4. 

If you specify different target prior- 
ities, the program prompts you for 32 
inputs: first through fourth Red target 
priorities for each of four Blue weapon 
types, and Blue target priorities for each 
Red weapon type. 

The default engagement range value 
is 500 meters. You can specify values 
from 100-2,500 meters. When the pro- 
gram assigns coordinates to weapons, it 
puts the first element in a force in the 
southernmost square, the next in the 
square immediately to the north, and so 
on. If the force has more than 10 ele- 
ments, the program recycles to the 
southernmost square. 

With a nominal engagement range 
of, say, 500 meters, some of the actual 
element-to-element engagement ranges 
may well be more than 1 ,000 meters. 

The default game time is 60 seconds. 
When you run the program, you'll see 
that a lot can happen in 60 seconds. 
Endgame thinks of infinity as 1 ,800 sec- 
onds, a half-hour. 

You're free to select any game time 
within this infinity, but a word of cau- 
tion: A long game time can combine 
with a long target-detect time to 
overflow an event clock and blow up 
the program, because detect time uses 
an exponential distribution. 

The default number of replications is 
12. You shouldn't specify fewer than 
two replications; otherwise, the program 
bombs in the postprocessor, since it uses 
the N - 1 statistic to calculate variance. 



46 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



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Listing I continued 

1910 CLSt PRINT "OUTPUT SUMMARY FOR ">NE;" REPLICATIONS 

1921 IP JH>0 THEN LPRINT'OUTPUT SUMMARY FOR " >NE; "REPLICATIONS" 

1931 PRINT tIP JH>0 THEN LPRINT" " 

1941 PRINT" ELAPSED TIME (Sec) -"; 

1950 PRINT USING PO$;GT; :PRINT USING FP$;QT 

I960 IP JH<1 THEN 1990 

1970 LPRINT" ELAPSED TIME (Sec.) - "; 

1980 LPRINT USING FO$»GTj : LPRINT USING FP$;QT 

1990 PRINT i IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT " " 

2000 PRINT'TOTAL LOSSES" 

2010 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT "TOTAL LOSSES": LPRINT" " 

Listing I continued 



25 94 Seconds Blue 2 VS Red 1 Assess KILL 

26 86 Seconds Blue 8 Initiates Starch 

26 11 Seconds Blue 18 Fires at Red 7 Ran* 483 

26 39 Seconds Blue 4 Initiates Starch 

26 44 Seconds Blue 1 Firts at Red 4 Ran* 731 

26 56 Seconds Red 3 Tarftts Hut 11 

26 89 Seconds: Red 5 Tarftts Hut 11 

26 94 Seconds Blut 5 Firts at Red 4 Ran* 518 

27 11 Seconds Red 11 Firts at Hut 6 Range 632 
27 28 Seconds Blut 1 us Red 4 Assess HISS 
27.33 Seconds Red 18 Tarftts Blut 11 

27.39 Seconds Blut 6 Initiattt Starch 

27 .83 Seconds Red 11 vs Blut 6 Assess HISS 

27 94 Seconds: Red 8 Tarftts Hut 1 

28 22 Seconds Blut 1 Firts at Red 4 Ranft 731 



Photo. An Endgame event history. 



OUTPUT SUMMARY FOR 12 REPLICATIONS 


ELAPSED TIME (Sec.) - 60.63( 


0.56) 


TOTAL LOSSES 




Bluet 6.58( 1.19) 
Red: 6.75( 0.92) 




ROUNDS FIRED 




Blue 


Red 


Type 1 1.25( 0.87) 
Type 2 3.08( 1.44) 
Type 3 5.50( 2.11) 
Type 4 6.58( 1.78) 


5.92( 1.88) 
5.17( 1.80) 
2.08( 1.56) 
1.17( 0.72) 


Figure 1. Screen dump of Endgame's output summary. 



KILLER/ VICTIM MATRIX 








Blue 




Red 


Targets 




Weapons 


TYPE 1 


TYPE 2 


TYPE 3 


TYPE 4 


TYPE 1 


0.00( 0.00) 


0.00( 0.00) 


0.08( 0.29) 


0.83( 0.72) 


TYPE 2 


0.00( 0.00) 


0.08( 0.29) 


0.75( 0.75) 


1.08( 0.51) 


TYPE 3 


0.00( 0.00) 


0.17( 0.39) 


1.33( 0.89) 


0.58( 0.67) 


TYPE 4 


0.00( 0.00) 


0.50( 0.80) 


0.83( 0.58) 


0.50( 0.67) 


Red 




Blue 


Targets 




Weapons 


TYPE 1 


TYPE 2 


TYPE 3 


TYPE 4 


TYPE 1 


1.00( 0.85) 


1.75( 0.75) 


0.33( 0.49) 


0.00( 0.00) 


TYPE 2 


1.42( 1.08) 


0.75( 0.97) 


0.33( 0.65) 


0.00( 0.00) 


TYPE 3 


0.42( 0.67) 


0.33( 0.49) 


0.08( 0.29) 


0.00( 0.00) 


TYPE 4 


0.17( 0.39) 


0.00( 0.00) 


0.00( 0.00) 


0.00( 0.00) 




Figure 2. Screen dump of Endgame's killer /victim matrix 






Generally, the more replications you 
run, the more stable your output. 

The event history is a screen text dis- 
play of every event in the battle as it 
happens (see the Photo). The default 
value is 1; so, in the default simulation, 
you'll see an event history on the screen 
for the first cycle only. A replication 
runs slightly faster if you don't call for 
an event history. You can specify any 
number of event histories up to the 
number of replications you select. 

If you answer the hard copy prompt 
by pressing the enter key or by typing in 
N, you'll get no printout. Any other re- 
sponse produces a screen dump. 

Once you've answered the prompts, 
the program displays a summary of 
your inputs. If you're ready to start the 
simulation, press the enter key; if you 
press any other key, the program re- 
turns you to the beginning of the input 
prompts for changes. 

After the input, the program displays 
the order of battle. The value on the left 
is an individual weapon's serial identifi- 
cation (ID) within its force; in the event 
history, "Blue 6" or "Red 9" refers to 
this serial ID. The number in parenthe- 
ses is the weapon's type, and the four 
numbers to the right show the weapon's 
target priorities. 

The program now begins preprocess- 
ing, which takes about five minutes if 
your computer runs a 2 MHz clock, and 
about half that at 4 MHz. 

After preprocessing, the actual simu- 
lation begins. If you specify one or 
more event histories, a running account 
of the battle appears on the screen. 

Endgame runs the specified number 
of replications and prepares a statistical 
analysis. After a minute or two of post- 
processing, the screen displays the num- 
ber of rounds fired and the number of 
killed for each side (see Fig. 1). When 
you continue to the next page, you'll see 
the killer/victim matrix, a weapon-by- 
weapon breakdown of the simulation's 
results (see Fig. 2). 



48 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



The clock scan 
alternates between 
first Blue weapon 
to last Red and last 
Red to first Blue. 
This alternating scan 
direction avoids bias. 



The first statistic in each category is 
the mean vahie for all repetitions. The 
second, shown in parentheses, is the 
standard deviation, which measures the 
outcomes' spread. 

After viewing this data, you can 
return to the input routine. This time, 
the default game is the one you specified 
previously. On repeat runs, Endgame 
does not go through preprocessing. 

The Game Loops 

In execution, Endgame is a monoto- 
nous loop. The program repeatedly 
scans the array containing event clocks 
for each weapon to find the low clock, 
which is associated with an event code 
specifying one of the model's five critical 
events. Endgame then caDs a routine to 
execute this event, loads new values into 
event codes and event clocks if neces- 
sary, and scans the event clocks again. 

This loop continues until the event 
code indicates an end of battle, at which 
point the program calls the output pro- 
cessing routine to store pertinent data 
from this cycle, restores initial battle 
conditions, and goes back to the idiot 
loop of scanning, processing, loading, 
scanning, and so on. 

The preprocessing and postprocess- 
ing routines are vital parts of the pro- 
gram, but they probably won't make 
sense until you know what goes on in 
the inner game loops. So I'll start my 
discussion of the program in the middle 
and work from there toward the begin- 
ning and the end. 

The main routine, lines 2580-2660, 
dimensions a few variables and begins 
calling subroutines. I'D pick up the ac- 
tion where the program caDs the sub- 
routine at line 1240. 

Since line 1240 caDs the Event Clock 
Scan routine (see Listing 2), I'll briefly 
explain what's going on up there in high 
memory. The routine scans the event 
clocks and selects the low clock. 

The routine knows the number of 
Blue weapons in the battle (NB), the 



Us/big I continued 

2020 PRINT S$(l)|"i"|iPRINT USING PO$;TB; 
2030 PRINT USING FP$;VB 
2040 IP JH<1 THEN 2070 

2151 LPRINT S$(1)i"x"ixLPRINT USING FO$xTB; 
2*61 LPRINT USING PP$»VB 

2070 PRINT S$<2) ;":"; : PRINT USING FOSxTR; 
20 80 PRINT USING FP$;VR 
2696 IP JH<1 THEN 2121 

2100 LPRINT S$(2) i"x"jxLPRINT USING PO$:TRj 
2111 LPRINT USING FPSxVRx LPRINT" "xLPRINT" " 
2128 PRINT i PRINT" ROUNDS FIRED" 

2138 IP JH>B THEN LPRINT"ROUNDS PIRED": LPRINT" " 
2148 A$-" Blue Red" 

2158 PRINT A$xIP JH>8 THEN LPRINT ASxLPRINT" " 
2168 POR 1-1 TO 4:PRINT"Type "ill" "| 
2178 IP JH>8 THEN LPRINT"Type "ilx" "j 
2188 PRINT USING PO$xZP(I) j :PRINT USING FP$;QF(I)l 
2198 PRINT" "; 

2288 IP JH<1 THEN 2238 
2218 LPRINT USING PO$;ZP(I); 

2228 LPRINT USING FP$ ;QF( I) ; x LPRINT" "; 

2238 PRINT USING PO$;ZF(I+4); 
2248 PRINT USING PP$;QP(I+4) 
2258 IP JH<1 THEN 2288 
2268 LPRINT USING FOS; ZF{ 1+4) ; 
2278 LPRINT USING FPS;QP(I+4) 
2288 NEXT I:PRINT"Press <ENTBR> to Continue" 
2298 G$-INKEY$xIP G$-"" THEN 2298 
2388 A$-"KILLER/VICTIM MATRIX" 
2318 REM: PRINT A$ 

2328 IP JH>8 THEN LPRINT" "xLPRINT" "tLPRINT A$:LPRINT" " 
2338 CLStPRINT CHR$ ( 23 ) xPRINT8524, "KILLER/VICTIM MATRIX" 
2348 POR L-l TO 308: NEXT LtCLS 
2356 POR 1-1 TO 2 iIZ-3-I: PRINT 

2368 AS-" "+S$(I)+" "+S$(IZ)+" Targets" 

2378 PRINT A$xIP JH>8 THEN LPRINT A$ 

23 88 A$="Weapons TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 3 TYPE 

4" 

23 98 PRINT A$xIP JH>8 THEN LPRINT A$ 

2488 REM: IP JH>8 THEN LPRINT A$xLPRINT"Weapons"; 

2416 FOR J-l TO 4 

2428 IF JH>6 THEN LPRINT"TYPE"| J; 

2436 L-(J-l)*4+(I-l)*16xPRINT"TYPE"jJ;:FOR K-l TO 4:L-L+1 

2446 PRINT" "|iPRINT USING FO$;ZL(L) ;i PRINT USING PP$jQL(L) ; 

2451 IP JH>6 THEN LPRINT" "; xLPRINT USING FO$;ZL(L)j 

2468 IF JH>8 THEN LPRINT USING FP$;QL(L) ; 

2478 NEXT KtPRINTiIP JH>8 THEN LPRINT" " 

24 88 NEXT J 

2498 IF JH>8 THEN LPRINT" " 

2588 NEXT I 

2518 PRINT'Press <ENTER> to continue" 

2526 G$-INKEY$xIP G$-"" THEN 2528 

2536 CLSt RETURN 

2548 FOR 1-1 TO 32xZL(I)-B:QL(I) -B:MX(I) -BtNEXT I 

2558 NX=0tTB-8tTR-8iQB-B:QR-BtTM-8tTV-B:GT-B:QT=B 

2568 FOR 1-1 TO 8:ZF(I) «B:QP(I) -BtMF(I) -8.-NEXT I 

257B RETURN 

2588 DIM IC(61) ,LT(66) ,LP(32) ,KD(4) ,MX(32) f MP(8) ,IL(6B) 

2598 DIM JB(60) ,NP(2) ,IP(32) ,IR(60) ,IG(68) 

2688 DIM ZL(32) ,QL(32) f ZF(8) ,QF( 8) ,PZ(16) ,P1(16) 

2618 DIM S$(2) ,N1(1B),PA(4) ,DT(4) ,XM(4) ,PV(4) 

2626 CLStGOSUB 2676 xGOSUB 3B2B tPRINT8272,L$j :GOSUB 3788 

2638 GOSUB 4218 

2648 KJ=USR(VARPTR( IX) ): GOSUB 1588 

2656 POKE MB, NB: POKE MR r NR:POKE MT r NT 

2666 GOSUB 1246 tGOSUB 2548 tGOSUB 3828 iGOSUB 1588 :GOTO 2668 

2678 IX-8tJX-fiKX-8xLX«BxJT-B 

2688 PI-3.14159xTP-2»PIxS$(l)-"Blue"xS$(2)-" Red" 

26 98 W$(l) -"First" xW$( 2) -"Second" :W$(3) -"Third" 

2788 W$(4)-"Pourth"xRS(l)-"MISS":RS(2)-" HIT"xE$-CHRS(13) 

2718 R$(3) -"KILL" xMM-255:IS-18:IT-324Bfl « XL-IS 

2728 DATA 4, 3 ,2,1, 4,3,2, 1,4,3,2,1,4,3, 2, It 'Blue 

2736 DATA 1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4 t 'Red 

2748 FOR 1-1 TO 32:READ LP(I) iNEXT IiKG-1888 

2758 NP(l)-12xNP(2)-12iNB-NP(l) »NR-NP(2) :NT-NB+NR 

2766 DATA 1,1 ,1,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4: 'Blue OB 

2778 DATA 1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4: 'Red OB 

2788 FOR 1-1 TO NTxREAD LT(I):NEXT I:BL$=" ■ 

2798 KO»l:LJ-5:NE-12:IW-l:PRS-" PREPROCESSING" :GG$-CHR$( 13) 

2888 FOS-"##.li":FP$-"(##.##)":F$-"T =*#♦#.## Seconds:" 

2816 DBF USR8-&HBB88:DBF USRl-&HB88D:PP$-"POSTPROCESSING" 

2828 JR-&HB5D 8-1 : IE-6HB4D9-1 x IH-&HB11 9-1 x IK-&HB2F9-1 

2838 IO=fcHB0DD-l:MB=fcHBBDB:MR=*HB8DC:MT-fcHBBD8 

2848 JC-.HB6D2-1:NB-NP(1) :NR-NP(2) :NT-NB+NR:KC-JC+6B 

2858 11-1 : 12-2 : 13-3 : 14-4 : IB-IB : 16-16 : JF-8 

2868 L$="":FOR 1-1 TO 3: POR J«l TO 34 



Listing I continued 



80 Micro. May 1985 • 49 



Listing I continued 



2870 READ K:L$=L$+CHR$(K) :NBXT J 

2880 IF I<3 THEN L$-L$+STRING$(34 f 24) +CHR$(26) 

2890 NEXT I:CL5 

2900 DATA 191,131,131,131,128,191,164,128,191,128 

2910 DATA 191,131,131,169,128,190,131,131,131,128 

2920 DATA 128,182,185,128,128,191,164,152,191,128 

2930 DATA 191,131,131,131,191,140,128,128,128,191 

2940 DATA 128,137,191,128,191,128,128,170,128,191 

2950 DATA 128,128,128,128,191,128,128,191,128,191 

2960 DATA 128,128,191,128,191,140,128,128,191,176 

2970 DATA 176,176,128,191,128,128,191,128,191,176 

2980 DATA 176,154,128,175,176,176,187,128,191,128 

2990 DATA 128,191,128,191,128,128,191,128,191,176 

3000 DATA 176,176 

3010 RETURN 

3020 N$="N":INPOT"Order of Battle" ;N$: IF N$="N" OR N$-CHR$(110) OR 

N$="" THEN 3090 
3030 N=0:FOR K=l TO 2:PRINT "How many ";S$(K) j : INPUT NP(K) 
3040 FOR J=l TO 4: PRINT" How many type "; J;: INPUT H 
3050 IF M-0 THEN 3070 

3060 FOR L=l TO M:N=N+1:LT(N) =J:NEXT L 
3070 NEXT JrNEXT K:NB=NP(1) :NR=NP(2) :NT=NB+NR 
3080 POKE HB,NB:POKE MR,NR:POKE NT, NT 

3090 P$="N":INPUT"Target Priorities" ;P$: IP P$-"N" OR P$-CHR$(110) 
OR P$="" THEN 3150 
3100 N=0:FOR 1=1 TO 2:IZ=3-I:CLS 
3110 FOR J-l TO 4: FOR K=l TO 4:N=N+1 

3120 PRINT S$(I);" WPN TYPE "iJj" : ";W$(K)j" PRIORITY "; 
3130 PRINT S$(IZ);" Target Type";: INPUT LP(N) 
3140 NEXT K:PRINT:NEXT J,I:CLS:LJ$="N" 

3150 LJ$="N": INPUT" Engagement Range (200 - 2500 meters) "jLJ$ 
3160 IF LJ$="N" OR LJ$=CHR$(110) OR LJ$="" THEN 3170 ELSE LJ=VAL(L 
J$)/100 

3170 KG$="N":INPUT"Maximum Game Time (Seconds) "; KG? 
3180 IF KG$="N" OR KG$=CHR$(110) OR KG$="" THEN 3190 ELSE KG=VAL(K 
G$)*IS 

3190 NE$="N":lNPUT"How Many Replications" »NE$ 

3200 IF NE$="N" OR NE$=CHR$(110) OR NE$="" THEN 3210 ELSE NE=VAL(N 
E$) 

3210 IW$="N": INPUT"How Many Event Histories" ;IW$ 

3220 IF IW$="N" OR IW$=CHR$(110) OR IW$="" THEN IW=KO ELSE IW=VAL( 
IW$) :KO=IW 

3225 IF IW>NE THEN IW=NE 

3230 JH$="N":INPUT"Will You Want Hard Copy";JH$ 
3240 JH=0:IF JH$<>"N" AND JH$OCHR$(110) AND JH$<>" THEN JH-1 
3250 CLS:POKE MB,NB:POKE MR,NR:POKE MT,NT 
3260 FOR 1=1 TO 2:L=NP(1) *(I=2) :FOR J=l TO NP(I) 

3270 K=INT(RND( .1) *NP(I) ) +1-L:N=LT(K) :KH=K:K=INT(RND( .1) *NP(I) ) +1- 
L 

3280 LT(KH)=LT(K) :LT(K) =N:NEXT J:NEXT I 

3290 PRINT'SUMMARY OF USER INPUTS" 

3300 IF JH>0 THEN LPR I NT "SUMMARY OF USER INPUTS" 

3310 PRINT:IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT " ":REM: A$:LPRINT" " 

3320 K=KG/lS:PRINT"Max Game Time = ";K;" Seconds" 

3330 IF JH-1 THEN LPRINT"Max Game Time = ";K;" Seconds" 

3340 L=LJ*100:PRINT"Engagement Range - ";L;" Meters" 

3350 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT" Engagement Range = ";L;" Meters" 

3360 PRINT'Number of Replications - ";NE 

3370 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT'Number of Replications = "jNE 

33 80 IF IW<1 THEN IW=0 

33 90 PRINT'Number of Event Histories =";iw 

3400 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT"Number of Event Histories -;"IW 

3410 IF JH>0 THEN PRINT"Hard Copy Output" 

3420 IF JH<1 THEN PRINT"No Hard Copy" 

3430 IF JH<1 THEN 3450 

3440 LPRINT'Hard Copy Output": LPRINT" " 

3450 PRlNT'Press <ENTER> to Continue" 

3460 G$=INKEY$:IF G$="" THEN 3460 

3470 IF G$OGG$ THEN CLS:GOTO 3020 

3480 CLS:N«0:FOR 1=1 TO 2:J=0:JJ=0 

3490 PRINT S$(I);" Order of Battle":PRINT 

3500 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT" " 

3510 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT S$(I)>" Order of Battle": LPRINT" " 

3520 J=J+1:N=N+1:JJ=JJ+1:K=LT(N) :L=(I-1) *16+(K-1) *4 

3530 IF J>9 THEN 3550 

3540 PRINT" "»:IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT" "; 

3550 PRINT J;" (";Kj") "; 

3560 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT J;" (";K;") "; 

3570 POR M=l TO 4 : L-L+l : PRINT LP(L);" "; 

3580 IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT LP(L)|" "j 

3590 NEXT M 

3600 PRINT: IF JH>0 THEN LPRINT" " 

3610 IF J=NP(I) THEN 3630 ELSE IF JJ-12 THEN 3630 

3620 GOTO 3520 

3630 JJ«0:PRINT"Press <ENTBR> to Continue" 



Listing 1 continued 




number of Red weapons (NR), and the 
total number of elements (NT). So 
when it selects the low clock it knows 
which side that clock belongs to (IV), 
the serial ID of the weapon on that side 
(JX), and the event clock index (LX). 
Since it scans the event codes (in data 
block IO), it also knows which event 
code is associated with the low clock. 
Finally, since this is a critical-event- 
sequenced simulation, the routine 
knows that JT, the value in the low 
clock, is by definition the current time. 

Note that this clock scan alternates 
between first Blue weapon to last Red 
weapon and last Red to first Blue. This 
alternating scan direction avoids bias. 
When events cluster densely in a simula- 
tion like Endgame, more than one clock 
may contain the low clock value. By 
alternating the direction of scan, End- 
game ties are settled alternately in favor 
of Blue and Red. 

Line 1240 and the machine-language 
subroutine it calls in high memory are 
the workaholics of the simulation. When 
the program invokes line 1240 it's say- 
ing, in effect, "Take a look at the event 
clocks and tell us what happens next." 

This USR call at line 1240 returns 
values for five integer variables, LX, JX, 
KX, LX, and JT. (If the Z80 knew I was 
using DC it would probably have a fit. 
One of its index registers has this name, 
so I've cleverly called this variable 'TV" 
in the Assembly-language routine.) 

LX tells you which side is acting: Blue 
if DC's value is 1, Red if it's 2. IZ, the 
side being acted on, is naturally defined 
as 3-DC. DC is the serial ID, within the 
Blue or Red force, of the active element. 

KX, the event code, indicates what 
kind of event begins or culminates at 
this instant. LX is the clock index of the 
active element and also its valid sub- 
script in the Basic arrays IC, IG, IL, IR, 
and JB. Thus, the clock index of the ele- 
ment acted on (LZ) is IG(LX), so you 
can readily find this element's serial ID 
within its own force. 



50 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 51 



The fifth variable the USR call re- 
turns, JT, indicates the time. 

The link between the Basic program 
and the machine-language subroutine is 
easily apparent; I've actually sent 
VARPTRflQD) along in the USR call 
at tine 1240. The caD to GETHL at the 



second entry point in Listing 2 loads the 
address of the event clocks into the HL 
register and we're on our way. 

But what about communications in 
the other direction, from object module 
to Basic? Look at line 2640 in the main 
routine. This USR caD passes VARP- 



364* G$>INKEYS:IF G$- a " THEM 3641 

365B IP G$OGG$ THEN CLS:GOTO 3820 

3661 IP J-NP(I) THEN CLS:GOTO 371B 

3671 CLStPRINT S$(I);" Order of Battle ( contd .)" t PRINT 

3680 IP JH<1 THEN 3521 

3690 LPRINT S$(I)»" Order of Battle (contd.) "iLPRINT" " 

37ff GOTO 3521 

3711 NEXT I 

3720 J7-JC:N»0:FOR 1-1 TO 2:IP 1-1 THEN J-0 ELSE J-LJ 

3730 K-0:FOR L-l TO NP(I) :N-N+1: JB(N) -30-INT(RND( .1) *50) +1 

37 41 K-K+1:IF K>10 THEN K«l 

3751 J7-J7+1-.POKE J7 r J:POKE J7+60,K 

3761 NEXT L:K-0:NEXT I:H$-PP$:NX-f :CLS 

3771 RETURN 

378B DATA . 9, . 9, 1.3, .3:H$-PR$ 

379f POR R-l TO 4: READ XH(K) :NEXT K 

38BB DATA 5,4,7,18 

3818 POR K-l TO 4:READ PA(K) :NEXT R 

3828 DATA 11,8,5,2 

3838 POR K-l TO 4:READ PV(K) :IV(K) -PV(K) *188:NEXT K 

3848 DATA 18,18,10,18 

38S8 POR K-l TO 4 : READ KD(K) :NBXT K 

3868 DATA 98,98,98,98 

3878 POR K-l TO 4 : READ JL(K) :NBXT K 

3888 DATA .8, .9, .9,1, .6, .7, .7, .9, .7, .7, .7 ,.7, .7, .7, .7, .7 

3898 POR K-l TO 16:READ PX(K) :NEXT K 

3988 DATA .5, .8, .8,1, .4, .6, .6, .8, .7, .7, .7, .7, .7, .7, .7, .7 

3918 POR K-l TO 16:READ Pl(K)xNEXT K 

3928 Jl-JR:J2«IH:J3-IK:J4=IE:J5=IO:J7-JC 

39J8 POR J-l TO 25 

3948 POR K-l TO 18 

3958 N-SQR(Jl2+K(2)+.5 

3968 GOSUB 4188 

3978 Jl-Jl+l:POKE J1,N 

3988 NEXT K,J 

3999 POR 1-1 TO 39:J6-8:R-I*18S 

FOR J-l TO 4:X-XM(J):S-((R/1888)*X)[2:V-S*TP 

POR K-l TO 4:A-PA(K) 
4828 N-(l-EXP(-A/V))*NNtJ2-J2>l:POKE J2,N 
4838 J6-J6+1:D-(PX(J6)-P1(J6))/28«P-P2{J6)-D 

4848 N-P*MM:J3«J3-fl:POKE J3,N 
4858 NEXT K, J j GOSUB 4188 
4868 NEXT I 

Z-l/255:DZ-ZtPOR 1-1 TO MM 

KT-KT+1:IP KT-18 THEN KT-8 

N=ABS(LOG(Z))*18+1:J4-J4+1:POKE J4,N 

Z-Z+DZ:IP KT-8 THEN GOSUB 4188 
4118 NEXT I 
4128 N$-PP$:CLS: RETURN 

IP LH-8 THEN LM-1 ELSE LM-8 

IP LM-1 THEN PRINT8537,M$; ELSE PRINTI537,BL$: 
4200 RETURN 

4218 POR I— 28488 TO -28267:READ J:POKE I,JtHEXT I : RETURN 
4228 DATA 285,127,18,8,8,8,8,8,8 
4225 DATA 34,214,176,281,285,127,18,8,8,8,8,8,8 
4238 DATA 34,75,183,58,74,183,254,1,48,7 
4248 DATA 62,1,58,74,183,24,4,175,58,74 
4258 DATA 183,221,42,75,183,253,33,221,176,14 
4268 DATA 1,58,74,183,254,1,48,14,58,216 
4278 DATA 176,79,61,22,9,95,253,25,221,25 
4289 DATA 221,25,58,216,176,71,33,255,255,34 
4298 DATA 81,183,237,91,81,183,221,182,1,221 
4388 DATA 118,8,183,237,82,48,18,25,34,81 
4318 DATA 183,221,34,217,176,121,58,88,183,253 
4328 DATA 126,8,58,79,183,58,74,183,254,1 
4338 DATA 32,9,221,35,221,35,253,35,12,24 
4349 DATA 7,221,43,221,43,253,43,13,16,198 
4358 DATA 58,88,183,79,58,219,176,183,185,56 
4368 DATA 13,62,1,58,77,183,58,88,183,58 
4378 DATA 78,183,24,17,62,2,58,77,183,58 
4388 DATA 219,176,79,58,88,183,183,153,58,78 
4398 DATA 183,33,77,183,17,5,8,6,4,221 
4488 DATA 42,214,176,126,35,221,119,9,221,25 
4419 DATA 16,247,126,35,221,119,9,126,221,119 
4429 DATA 1,291 



4988 
4818 



4878 
4888 

4898 
4188 



4180 
4190 



End 



TR(LX) to the machine-language sub- 
routine. Now look at line 2670, where 
DC, JX, KX, LX, and JT appear in the 
program for the first time. These five 
variables will stay where they are, side 
by side, no matter what. 

Furthermore, if you know the ad- 
dress of DCs least significant byte 
(LSB), aD you have to do is add 5 to it to 
get the address of JX's LSB. So, in that 
first caD to the USR routine, 1 sent 
along the address of LX; the routine 
called GETHL and stored IX's address 
in K0. Each time the clock scan routine 
returns to Basic from subsequent calls, 
it dumps the values in IV, JX, KX, LX, 
and JT into the Basic variables IX, JX, 
KX, LX, and JT. 

The Critical-E vent Routines 

My model has only five critical 
events: Search for Target, Select Target, 
Fire at Target, Assess Results of Fire, 
and End of Battle. These five events 
correspond to the five values (1-5) that 
KX, the event code, can assume. When 
KX is less than 5, Endgame calls the ap- 
propriate routine from line 1330. If KX 
equals 1, the Search for Target event 
code, the program calls the routine at 
line 1020. 

The program defined LO immediately 
after the USR caD in line 1240 as the 
sum of LX and IO. In the object mod- 
ule (see Listing 2), IO is the label of a 
60- byte block where the clock scan rou- 
tine finds the value of KX correspond- 
ing to the index of the low clock. 

In the Basic program, IO contains the 
starting address, minus 1, of that block 
in high memory. So when Endgame 
adds LX to IO to get LO, it's pointing 
to the memory address where Endgame 
stores the event code for this particular 
element. When Endgame POKEs a 2 in- 
to this address, it's setting the next event 
for this weapon to select target. 

Now you're into that deadly monoto- 
ny; since the program has loaded the 
event code, it must now load the corre- 
sponding event clock. IE in the Basic 
pi ogi am contains the starting address, 
minus 1, of a 255-byte block in high 
memory. The preprocessing routine has 
loaded this block so that entering it with 
a uniformly distributed (1-255) random 
index returns a value from an exponen- 
tially distributed random variable 
whose expected value is one scaled sec- 
ond. The piogi am multiplies this value 
by the mean-time-to-detect for this 
weapon system type (KD(L)), adds the 
product to the current time (JT) and 
loads k into the LXth event dock. 

The Select Target routine is at lines 
1040-1090. This routine also detects 



52 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 53 



when one side wipes out the other. 
That's why it sets KX equal to 5 (end of 
battle) and only sets IOC to 2 when it 
finds a living target in the opposing 
force. 

This routine seeks the highest priority 
target for the LXth element; it may cy- 
cle through the opposing force's order 
of battle as many as four times. When it 
selects the highest possible priority 
target, the routine loads the clock index 
of that target (LZ) into IG(LX). The 
routine loads the event code with 3 (fire 
at target) and loads the event clock with 
the current time plus time to lay the 
weapon (JL(L)) plus a random fraction 
of a second. 

Lines 1100-1140 represent the firing 
routine. Here again, the program uses 
an elaborate structure of values POKEd 
into high memory by the Basic prepro- 
cessing routine. This time the job is to 



find the range to target without doing 
any dirty (floating-point) arithmetic. 

The routine uses JD, the absolute dif- 
ference between a weapon's X coordi- 
nate and its target's Y coordinate, and 
KD, the absolute difference between 
their Y coordinates, to enter the look-up 
table and get the range, at 100-meter 
resolution. 

The routine then uses this distance 
and the round's speed, IV(L), to calcu- 
late time of flight. It loads the event 
clock with the current time plus this 
time of flight, and sets the event code to 
4, assess result of fire. It accumulates in 
array MF the number of rounds fired by 
side and type for the output processor. 
The routine also saves the range to 
target in IR(LX) before it returns, since 
the assessment routine needs this value 
to determine the result of firing. 

The assessment routine, lines 1150- 



1230, first checks whether the weapon 
that fired has been killed in the mean- 
time. Weapon types 1, 2, and 3 are 
treated as fire and forget, that is, once a 
round is fired, the effectiveness of the 
round doesn't depend on the firer's be- 
ing alive. Weapon Type 4's missile 
aborts if its firer is killed before it 
reaches the target. 

If the firer has been killed, the routine 
loads its event clock with infinity. 
Otherwise, it loads the event clock with 
the current time plus time required to 
lay the weapon (JL(L)) plus a random 
fraction of a second. Then the routine 
checks to see if the target has been killed 
already. If so, it loads the event clock 
with the current time plus a random 
fraction of a second, sets the event code 
to 1 (search for target), sets KX to zero 
to prevent an entry in the event history, 
and returns. 









Program Listing 2. Source code for machine-language subroutine. 




01000 


ORG 


0B000H;SCAN3/SRC (Feb. 6, 1985) 


01630 




INC IX 




01010 


GETHL 


EQU 26 87 




01640 




INC IY 




01020 


RETHL 


EQU 2714 




01650 




INC C 




01030 


PIRST 


CALL GETHL; 


FIRST POSH HL 


01660 




JR JOMP 




01040 


NOP 


t 


POP IX 


01670 


DECR 


DEC IX 




01050 


MOP 


t 


LD L,(IX) 


01680 




DEC IX 




01060 


NOP 


I 


LD H,(IX+1) 


01690 




DEC IY 




01070 


NOP 






01700 




DEC C 




01080 


NOP 






01710 


JOMP 


DJNZ LI 




01090 


NOP 






01720 




LD A,(LX) 




01100 


LD 


(K0) ,HL 




01730 




LD C,A 




01110 


RET 






01740 




LD A,(NB) 




01120 


THEN CALL 


GETHL; THEN 


POSH HL 


01750 




OR A 




01130 


NOP 


; 


POP IX 


01760 




CP C 




01140 


NOP 


; 


LD L,(IX) 


01770 




JR C,L3 




01150 


NOP 


l 


LD H,(IX+1) 


017 80 




LD A,l 




01160 


NOP 






017 90 




LD (IV), A 




01170 


NOP 






01800 




LD A,(LX) 




01180 


NOP 






01810 




LD (JX) ,A 




01190 


LD 


(IC) ,HL 




01820 




JR GO 




01200 


LD 


A,(SW) 




01830 


L3 


LD A, 2 




01210 


CP 


1 




01840 




LD (IV), A 




01220 


JR 


Z,ZERO 




01850 




LD A,(NB) 




01230 


LD 


A,l 




01860 




LD C,A 




01240 


LD 


(SW) , A 




01870 




LD A,(LX) 




01250 


JR 


SCAN 




01880 




OR A 




01260 


ZERO XOR 


A 




01890 




SBC A,C 




01270 


LD 


(SW) ,A 




01900 




LD (JX) ,A 




01280 


SCAN LD 


IX, (IC) 




01910 


GO 


LD BL,IV 




01290 


LD 


IY,IO 




01920 




LD DE,5 




01300 


LD 


CI 




01930 




LD B,4 




01310 


LD 


A,(SW) 




01940 




LD IX, (K0) 




01320 


CP 


1 




01950 


LEAP 


LD A,(BL) 




01330 


JR 


Z,LDB 




01960 




INC HL 




01340 


LD 


A, (NT) 




01970 




LD (IX), A 




01350 


LD 


C,A 




01980 




ADD IX, DE 




01360 


DEC 


A 




01990 




DJNZ LEAP 




01370 


LD 


D,0 




02000 




LD A,(HL) 




01380 


LD 


E,A 




02010 




INC HL 




01390 


ADD 


IY,DE 




02020 




LD (IX), A 




01400 


ADD 


IX, DE 




02030 




LD A,(HL) 




01410 


ADD 


IX, DE 




02040 




LD (1X4-1) ,A 




01420 


LDB LD 


A, (NT) 




02050 




RET 




01430 


LD 


B,A 




02060 


K0 


DEFS 2 ; CONTAINS ADDRESS OF BASIC VARIABLE 


IX 


01440 


LD 


HL,0PFPPH 




02070 


NT 


DEFS 1 ; TOTAL NOHBER ELEMENTS (Blue + Red) 




01450 


LD 


(JT) ,HL 




02080 


LOA 


DEFS 2 ; CONTAINS ADDRESS OF LOW CLOCK 




01460 


LI LD 


DE,(JT) 




02090 


NB 


DEFS 1 ; NOHBER OF Blue ELEMENTS 




01470 


LD 


H,(IX+1) 




02100 


NR 


DEFS 1 ; NOHBER OF Red ELEMENTS 




01480 


LD 


L,(IX) 




02110 


IO 


DEFS 60 ; EVENT CODES 




01490 


OR 


A 




02120 


IH 


DEFS 480;P(H) , SCALED 1-255 




01500 


SBC 


HL,DB 




02130 


IK 


DEFS 480 ;P (K/H) , SCALED 1-255 




01510 


JR 


NC.L2 




02140 


IE 


DEFS 255 EXPONENTIAL STRUCTURE 




01520 


ADD 


HL,DE 




02150 


JR 


DEFS 250;RANGE LOOK-UP TABLE 




01530 


LD 


( JT) ,HL 




02160 


JC 


DEFS 60 ;X COORDINATES 




01540 


LD 


(LOA) ,IX 




02170 


KC 


DEFS 60 ;Y COORDINATES 




01550 


LD 


A,C 




02180 


SW 


DEFS 1 




01560 


LD 


(LX),A 




02190 


IC 


DEFS 2 ; ADDRESS OF EVENT CLOCKS 




01570 


LD 


A,(IY) 




02200 


IV 


DEFS 1 ; BASIC VARIABLE IX 




01580 


LD 


(XX) ,A 




02210 


JX 


DEFS 1 ;BASIC VARIABLE JX 




015 90 


L2 LD 


A,(SW) 




02220 


KX 


DEFS 1 ; BASIC VARIABLE KX 




01600 


CP 


1 




02230 


LX 


DEFS 1 ; BASIC VARIABLE LX 




• 1610 


JR 


HZ, DECK 




02240 


JT 


DEFS 2 ; BASIC VARIABLE JT 




01620 


INC 


IX 




02250 




END 
















End 



54 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Using range to target (stored in 
IR(LX)), weapon type code, and target 
type code, the routine calculates an in- 
dex that's added to IH and IK to find 
the scaled probability of hit and the 
scaled conditional kill probability. The 
routine first checks for a hit. If this 
fails, the routine simply returns, since it 
has already loaded the event clock and 
event code with fire again data. 

Note that I J keeps tabs on whether a 
strike is a miss, a hit, or a kill. Given a 
hit, the routine checks for a kill. If this 
fails, the routine returns. If the weapon 
scores a kill, the routine sets IL(LZ) to 
zero. If the target is type 4, or if the 
target's event code is less than four, the 
routine sets the target event clock to in- 
finity. 

The routine then calculates an index 
from side, weapon code, and target 
code, and accumulates data for the out- 
put processor to use in the killer/victim 
matrix. The routine loads the firing 
weapon's event clock with the current 
time plus a random fraction of a sec- 
ond, sets its event code to 1, and 
returns. 

Lines 1280 and 1370 detect the end of 
battle. When the event code becomes 5, 
the postprocessing routine at lines 
1660-2530 accumulates data collected 
during the replication. The program in- 
crements the replication index, NX, and 
checks whether NX equals NE, the 
number of replications specified. If this 
turns out to be the final replication, the 
program sets the flag KF and continues 
postprocessing. 

Otherwise, the program stores data 
about the replication for later statistical 
analysis. The routine returns and the 
program calls the initiation routine in 
line 1580. This routine resurrects the 
dead, sets all event codes to search for 
target, seeds the event clocks with ran- 
dom values not greater than two sec- 
onds, sets all else to zero, and returns. 
And you're back in the same old 
wearisome grind again. 

Other Matters 

So much for the game loops. The 
postprocessing routine simply calculates 
sample means and standard deviations, 
displays this information on the screen, 
and writes to the printer if necessary. 

Except for the preprocessing routine, 
the earlier parts of the program are fair- 
ly commonplace. The subroutine at 
lines 2670-3010 reads and defines con- 
stants. The one at lines 3020-3770 is an 
interactive user input routine. The sub- 
routine at lines 4210-4360 reads the ob- 
ject module for the clock scan routine 
and POKEs it into high memory. The 




subroutine at lines 2540-2570 initializes 
the output processor accumulators at 
the beginning of a simulation. 

The routine at lines 3780-4170 reads 
inputs and also does the preprocessing. 
This latter function begins at line 3920. 
Preprocessing is an important part of 
this kind of simulation, especially when 
you're using a microprocessor with an 
8-bit data bus. While preprocessing is 
done only once, the game loops use its 
output thousands and thousands of 
times. 

Of particular concern in preprocess- 
ing is to make it unnecessary for the 
game loops to do any floating-point 
(known in the trade as dirty) arithmetic. 

Line 3920 equates J1-J7 with ad- 
dresses in high memory where the pro- 
gram will POKE data in a convenient 
form for the game loops. Lines 3930- 
3980 build the range look-up table in 
high memory. Since the range resolu- 
tion of the simulation is 100 meters, this 
scheme can handle delta X and delta Y 
values up to 25,500 meters. 

Lines 3990-4060 build the hit and 
conditional kill probability tables in 
high memory. The lines 4070-4110 
build the exponential data structure 
used in the game loops when KX equals 
1, search for target. Search time is 
determined by mean time to detect, plus 
a random entry. 

Lines 4180-4200 blink a message on 
and off during pre- and postprocessing 
to reassure the user that the program 
hasn't gone into the high fantods. 



In Defense of Micros 

It's commonly assumed that it takes a 
mainframe to handle a computer simu- 
lation, but that's not so. I think inter- 
preted Basic is more of a limitation than 
the microprocessor itself, and I find a 
compiler essential. 

I kept Endgame simple so it would 
run on a 32K machine; a 48K computer 
should be able to handle 200 or more 
elements, a larger battlefield, and more 
complex weapon/target combinations. 
Mainframes or no mainframes, I expect 
to be using my Models 4 and 4P for 
simulation work for some time to 
come. ■ 



Joe R. Capps is an operations analyst 
who specializes in simulations of armed 
combat. Recently, he's been applying 
artificial intelligence techniques to com- 
bat simulations. You can write to him at 
3052 Holmes Run Road, Falls Church, 
VA 22042. 



Related Articles 

Anderson, John M., "Line Up!," March 1980, p. 
174. A Model I queueing simulation. 
Cangro, Ronald A., "The Business of Planning," 
September 1983, p. 74. A Model I/III tutorial 
about Monte Carlo simulation techniques. 
Neibauer, Alan, "Queue Theory," December 1981, 
p. 368. How queueing simulations work. 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 55 



Oct* 411 on Reader Service card 




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56* 80 Micro. May 1985 



Circle 411 on Reader Service card. 



C P/M . . .The Software Key 
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80 Micro, May 1985 -57 



9861 ten 'OJOin 09 • 8S 




When it comes to drawing 
fractals, the more detail 
_ you can get the better. 

That's because, by definition, fractals 
are geometric shapes with infinite de- 
tail. I've modified Michiel van de 
Panne's Model 111 fractals program 
(December 1984, p. 114) for systems 
equipped with high-resolution graphics. 
Increased screen resolution means you 
can now create more detailed, complex 
versions of van de Panne's fractals. 

The modified program runs on the 
Models III and 4 with high-resolution 
boards. With the changes listed in the 
Table, it also works on the Tandy 1000 
and 1200 (see the Photos). I've also added 
an option that lets you print the fractals, 
provided you have a graphics printer. 

The Fractals Phenomenon 

The December article explained the 
theory of fractals, so I'll keep my ex- 
planation brief. Fractal is a term mathe- 
maticians use to describe a kind of 
shape that occurs in nature. Fractals 
have detail that multiplies as it gets 
smaller, like a tree with a single trunk, 
several branches, and thousands of 
twigs. In true fractals, this detail is in- 
finite. Another characteristic is that the 
smaller parts' shapes are similar to the 
outline of the object as a whole. 

In nature, mountains and coastlines, 
crystals, and even broccoli can be frac- 
tals. In these cases, the detail isn't neces- 



sarily a perfect copy of the whole. How- 
ever, in regular, or geometric, fractals, 
all parts are exactly the same. 

The geometric fractal in Fig. 1, for 
example, begins with an equilateral tri- 
angle. Each side of the large triangle 
sprouts a smaller triangle, each side of 
which sprouts a smaller triangle, each 
side of which sprouts a still smaller 
triangle. 

A Wealth of Forms 

My modified version of van de 
Panne's program (Program Listing 1) 
draws regular fractals like those in Fig. 

1. Three specifications determine the 
fractal's shape. The first is the number 
of sides of the basic shape: Fig. 1 has 
three, Fig. 2 four. 

Second, you must specify whether the 
program adds or subtracts smaller 
shapes. When the program subtracts 
volume from the basic shape, as in Fig. 

2, you get what's called an inverse frac- 
tal. If the program adds volume, as in 
Fig. 1, the fractal is noninverse. 

The third factor is the number of lev- 
els, that is, the number of times the pro- 
gram adds or subtracts smaller shapes. 
As the number of levels increases, the 
complexity of the fractal also increases. 
Even with high-resolution graphics, four 
levels is about as high as you can go. 

When you type in and run the List- 
ing, the program prompts you for the 
number of sides, inverse (type in Y) or 



noninverse (type in N), and the number 
of levels. Then the program starts draw- 
ing the fractal. Don't expect complex 
fractals in seconds; when you get up to 
four levels, it can take well over an hour 
to finish a fractal. 

The Listing's drawing algorithm is 
the same as van de Panne's, except for 
line 350, which uses the Line command 
to draw lines. 

Line 20 establishes screen pixel size; 
you can easily modify the program to 
accommodate different screen resolu- 
tions. 

I changed lines 230-250 to simplify 
the scaling necessary for multiple levels. 

The printout routine at the end of the 
program uses the graphics utility 
GPRT2. Because I found that the 
printer's vertical and horizontal scales 
weren't equal, I adjusted line 340 
accordingly. ■ 

You can write to Steve Justice at 128 
Joann Drive, Moses Lake, WA 98837. 



System Requirements 



Models Ul and 4 with 
High-Resolution board, Basic G 
Models 1000 and 1200, Bask 
32KRAM 
Printer optional 



i Fractals in Focus 



Produce fractals in intricate detail with this high-resolution 
program that draws the striking geometric designs. 

by Steve Justice 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 59 



<a 






f- 




^ 


L 
y 


<^o 


rS 


^ J 


r 1 - 


«"* 


H 


r? 




figure /. Three-aded. 


noninverse 


three-level 


fractal. 








' a OJ v \ f"\ff 




/Tgu/v J. 77ifw *«/«/. inverse, four-level 
fractal. 



10 KEY OFF : SCREEN 2 

25 SF=.8 

260 CLS : PSET (X2,Y2) 

340 X=X+LL*C0S(A1) : Y«Y+LL*SIN( Al) *SF 

420—440 INSERT YOUR OWN PRINT ROUTINE 

Table. Modifications to the Listing for the Tandy 1000/1200. 



Program Listing. High-resolution fractals program. 



10 REM FRACTALS FOR THE MODEL 3/4 WITH HIGH RESOLUTION 

12 REM 

15 REM SCREEN PIXEL SIZES 

20 CLEAR 2000 :CLS :CF-3. 14159/180 :MX-620 :MY-240 

30 INPUT "NUMBER OF SIDES" ;S 

35 REM BEGINNING X AND Y (SCALED TO SCREEN SIZE ) 

40 CX=MX* . 7 : CY-MY* . 8: X2-CX : Y2-MY+1-CY 

60 INPUT" INVERSE" ; I $ : I $-LEFT$ ( I $ , 1 ) 

70 REM ANGLES TO TURN RIGHT AND LEFT 

80 R— 360/S:L«R+180 

90 IFI$-"Y" OR I$-"y" THEN C$«"A" :W«R:R— L:L»-W ELSE C$-"R" 

100 A$-C$ 

110 IF I$<>"Y" AND I$<>"y" THEN 140 

120 Al$«"R":Sl=S-2:FOR N=l TO S1:A1$=A1$+"L" :NEXT N: A1$«A1$+"R" 

130 GOTO 160 

140 Al$-"L":Sl«S-2:FOR N-l TO Sl:Al$-Al$+"R":NEXT N 

150 A1$»A1$+"L" 

160 INPUT'NUMBER OF LEVELS" ; LE: IF LE-1 THEN 230 

170 REM EXPAND STRING FOR MULTIPLE LEVELS 

190 FOR N=2 TO LE:LN»LEN(A$) 

200 FOR Nl*l TO LN:B$=B$+MID$(A$,N1,1)+A1$:NEXT Nl 

210 A$«B$:B$»"":NEXT N 

230 REM SCALE SIZE OF DIAGRAM TO FIT ON SCREEN 

240 LL«MX*1.25/(S*3[LE) 

250 REM CLEAR GRAPHICS SCREEN AND SET TO STARTING X,Y 

260 CLR:GLOCATE (X2,Y2) ,0:SCREEN 

265 REM START DRAWING FIGURE 

270 FOR Z=l TO S 

280 FOR N-l TO LEN(AS) 

290 B1$=MID$(A$,N,1) +Al$ 

300 FOR Nl-1 TO LEN(BIS) :B5=MID$(B1$,N1,1) 

310 IF B$-"A" THEN A-A+W:GOTO 330 

320 IF B$-"L" THEN A-A+L ELSE A=A+R 

330 A1-A*CF 

340 X-X+LL*COS(Al) :Y-Y+LL*SIN(Al) 

350 XP-INT(X) :YP-INT(Y) :Xl-XP+CX:Yl-241-(YP/2+CY) :LINE (X2,Y2)-(Xl 

#Y1) 

360 X2-X1:Y2-Y1 

370 NEXT N1:NEXT NiNEXT Z 

380 REM END OF FIGURE 

3 90 REM 
400 A$="" 

410 A$-INKEY$: IF A$«"" THEN 410 

420 SCREEN It CLS: PRINT "SEND TO PRINTER?";: Y$-"" 

430 Y$-INKEY$:IF Y$-"" THEN 430 

435 REM SEND TO PRINTER - GRAPHICS UTILITY 

440 IF Y$«"Y" OR Y$-"y" THEN SYSTEM "GPRT2" 

445 REM 

450 PRINTtPRINT "Another diagram?"; tY$-"" 

460 Y$-INKEY$i IF Y$-"" THEN 460 

470 IF Y$-"Y" OR Y$-"y" THEN RUN 

4 80 CLS t END 



60 • 80 Micro, May 1965 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 61 



TUTORIAL 



by Mark D. West 



CURRENT 

EVENTS 

Power surges can prove fatal to computer equipment and data. 
Learn what causes destructive current oscillations and what to 

look for in effective protection. 



You probably don't often ques- 
tion the quality of the electric 
current coming into your 
house or office. Usually, whatever the 
power company and Mother Nature 
conspire to send down the line is good 
enough. 

But that's not the case if you're using 
computer equipment. The effects of un- 
even electrical impulses, called voltage 
spikes or surges, can have a devastating 
effect on both equipment and data. 
What might appear as minor glitches can 
cost hundreds or thousands of dollars in 
hardware repairs, not to mention the 
cost of tost data. What's worse, some 
power protection schemes offered by 
glib salesmen aren't any more effective 
than snake oil against the common cold. 

The power supply on the Models III 
and 4 is relatively dependable — but it 
can't handle a 1,000-volt surge. It con- 
verts 120-voh household current into 
5-and 12- volt inputs to the Z80 pro- 
cessor, memory circuits, and disk 
drives. 

A spike can come in on any of the 
three lines associated with the electrical 
plug (hot, neutral, and ground) on your 
computer. It burns up the power sup- 
ply, then travels into the microprocessor 
with devastating results. Small surges 
don't wreck the computer, but often 
imitate the computer's interrupt signal, 
causing spontaneous reboots and wip- 
ing out memory. 

Spikes also affect peripherals. Many 
printers run under microprocessor con- 
trol and contain buffer memory chips 
that are just as vulnerable to power ir- 
regularities as the system unit. The same 
holds true for external hard disks, 
printer buffers, terminals, and smart 
peripherals. 

62 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Surge Sources 

Most people associate voltage surges 
with lightning, and sensibly refrain 
from using the computer during elec- 
trical storms. But surges have many 
other sources. 

Everyday operations at a power 
plant, such as firing up an additional 
boiler to meet increased demand, can 
cause deadly spikes. Arc welding, which 
uses tremendous electrical currents, can 
also wreak havoc. 

Voltage spikes can also occur when 
you remove loads from circuits. When a 
fuse blows, the overloaded circuit snaps 
off, abruptly removing the load from 
the electrical system. The system com- 
pensates for the sudden reduction in 
power load in microseconds, but that's 
all that's necessary to zap a computer 
and its peripherals. 



AC Sur»a F»rot«c«or 




Photo I. EPD's KIWI surge suppressor. 



Less dramatic and more common 
events, like turning on and off ap- 
pliances, generate small spikes that are 
disruptive, but don't cause permanent 
damage. 

Finally, radio frequency interference 
(RFT) and electromagnetic interference 
(EMI) are line noise generated by hair 
dryers, electric motors, and other 
sources. RFI/EMI is a very small volt- 
age surge that can cause video glitches, 
screen jumps and wobbles, and gar- 
bled data. 

Limited Tolerances 

The voltage at which surges are dis- 
ruptive varies with temperature, humid- 
ity, and a host of other variables. But 
even small voltage surges that reach the 
microprocessor can cause damage. 

Transistor-to-transistor logic (TTL) 
circuitry operates in binary, with zero 
volts as "off" and 5 volts as "on." The 
Z80 microprocessor in the Models I, II, 
III, and 4 interprets voltages from - .3 
to .8 volts as off and voltages from 2 to 
5.25 volts as on. Voltages between these 
ranges are ambiguous. A surge of 1.2 
volts is enough to bomb a program or 
scramble data. Voltages above 7 volts 
can destroy the Z80 in a wink. 

Before a surge reaches the micropro- 
cessor, it must pass through the com- 
puter's power supply, which can absorb 
some minor disruptions. What the 
power supply can't absorb passes to the 
central processing unit (CPU). 

The Z80 has a nonmaskable interrupt 
that can run a shutdown program if it 
detects a fatal power disturbance. Most 
Z80 microcomputers, however, have a 
switching power supply that uses a 
microchip to take slices of the incoming 
120-voh ac waveform to create 5 and 



12-volt dc output. A switching power 
supply can't alert the microprocessor of 
a surge on the way — and this is where a 
surge hits first. 

From my experience, the Model I 
tends to reboot frequently from low- 
level line surges, while the Models in 
and 4 tend to be more steady. There's 
no telling how big a surge your com- 
puter can handle, however, so your best 
bet is to overprotect. 

Protection Rackets 

The traditional approach to protect- 
ing computers and peripherals from 
spikes is to unplug the computer and 
peripherals when they're not in use. 

This solution is safe and cheap. Un- 
fortunately, it's only effective when 
you're not using the computer. The 
only way to protect a running computer 
from spikes is by using a clamping de- 
vice, commonly called a surge protec- 
tor. These devices usually include an 
RFI/EMI filter and several protected 
power outlets. 

Selecting a "power strip," however, 
isn't as simple as picking up any unit that 
claims to clean up line currents. Some 
devices labeled "line filters" or "power 
conditioners" are actually nothing more 
than RFI/EMI filters. Other devices, 
properly labeled "power surge protec- 
tors," contain fuses or other mechanical 
devices that cut the circuit when a surge 
occurs — but within a few lOths of a sec- 
ond, not in the microseconds required 
for true protection. 

MOVs and Gas Discharge Tubes 

Most surge suppressors, such as 
EPD's Peach and Kiwi units, use metal 
oxide varistors (MOVs) for voltage 
clamping (see Photo 1). MOVs are resis- 
tors whose resistance decreases as volt- 




Photo 3. The Ruby and 
Sapphire models from 
Curtis Manufacturing. 



ages increase. They provide an "easy 
out" for a voltage surge — an out that 
avoids valuable computer equipment. 

A typical surge protection scheme 
wires the varistor between the line carry- 
ing the current to the protected outlets 
(the hot line) and the ground wire. At 
normal voltages the resistance on the 
varistor is high and the current goes to 
the outlets. 

When a power surge occurs, the in- 
creased voltage reduces the resistance of 
the varistor, opening a path for the 
surge to the ground wire. Since electrici- 
ty seeks the path of least resistance, the 
surge goes through the non-resisting 
varistor to the ground. 

This is called common mode protec- 
tion. While this is the most frequent 
source of surges, a spike can also travel 
through the neutral line, the ground 
line, or through a combination of lines. 

The best surge protectors, like 
Severts-Zorman's Zapstar S-5P, con- 
tain three MOVs that protect against 



surges in common mode (hot to ground), 
normal mode (hot to neutral), and from 
neutral to ground (see Photo 2). 

Some units also include a gas dis- 
charge tube comprising two disks sepa- 
rated by a tube of radioactive gas. A 
surge jumps across the gap between the 
disks and is shunted from your equip- 
ment. Gas discharge tubes aren't as fast 
as MOVs, but they can accommodate a 
larger surge. 

Manufacturer Ratings 

Unlike car and appliance purchases, 
surge protectors have no common stan- 
dard for comparison. Some are rated in 
amperes, some in joules, some in watts, 
and many carry no ratings at all. 

The most reliable standard for com- 
parison is the joule rating. A joule is a 
measure of electrical energy over a time 
constant (watts/microseconds). Joule 
ratings range from a minimum of 40 
joules to a maximum protection of 200 
joules. If the rating units differ or if a 
protector carries no rating, you can 
determine its reliability by looking in- 
side the unit. 

With minor differences only two 
types of varistors are appropriate for 
surge protection on 120-volt ac lines: 
the 14 millimeter MOV (Panasonic 
Series 20 or General Electric MOVs 
with a part number beginning with 10) 
and the 20 millimeter MOV (Panasonic 
Series 20 or General Electric MOVs 
with a part number beginning 20). The 
latter handles roughly twice the surge of 
a 14 millimeter MOV. 

If you're curious what level of protec- 
tion you have, or if you've convinced 
the salesman to let you look inside, look 
for the MOVs described above (see 
Photo 2). Look for small, dime-sized 
components covered with red plastic, 
with two wires coming from the bot- 




Photo 2. Innards of the Sevens- Zorman Zapstar S-6P surge suppressor. (I) IS -amp circuit breaker. (2) Filter capacitor (hot to neutral). (3) 
Fuse. (4) Gas discharge tube. (5) MOV (hot to neutral). (6) Current limit resistors. (7) MOV (neutral to ground). (8) MOV (hot to ground). 

(9) Filter COpaitOr (hot tO ground). (Unit courtesy of SevtrO-Zorman Engineering. ) 

80 Micro, May 1985 • 63 



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torn. If you find three MOVs, you're 
well protected. If you find none, look 
for another unit. 

If you can't look inside the unit, 
check for a label stating conformance to 
the Institute of Electrical and Elec- 
tronics Engineers (IEEE) standard. 
Protectors meeting this standard will 



protect your equipment from normal 
mode surges. 

Selecting Protection 

When shopping for a surge protector, 
look for one that uses voltage clamping 
and that protects in normal and com- 
mon modes. Many units, including the 



Curtis Sapphire and Ruby models, pro- 
vide RFI/EMI filtering in addition to 
surge protection (see Photo 3). Table 1 
provides a sampling of surge suppres- 
sors and their features; Table 2 fists 
manufacturers addresses. 

If a product states that it protects 
against voltage surges but doesn't in- 



1 








lias 






















Manufacturer 


Product 


RFI/EMI 


MOVs 


Discharge 


Normal 


Common 


Josik 


On/Off 


Number 


Cord 


Status 


Price 


Warraor) 


Conateot* 






FHtcrinf 




Tubes 


Mode 


Mode 


Rating 


Switch 


Of Outlets 


Length. 


Liebt(s) 








Curtis Mfg. 


Sapphire 


Y 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


3 





Y 


$79.95 


Lifetime 






Ruby 


Y 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


6 


6 


N 


$89.95 


Lifetime 






Diamond 


N 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


6 





Y 


$49.95 


Lifetime 




Computer 


Powerline 4 


Y 







Y 


Y 


NA 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$49.95 


l yr. 




Accessories 


Powerline 6 


Y 







Y 


Y 


NA 


Y 


6 


6 


Y 


$79.95 


lyr. 




Computer 


System 3 


N 







Y 


Y 


150 


N 


1 





Y 


$18.95 


5yis. 




Power 


Svstem 4 


N 







Y 


Y 


150 


Y 


6 


6 


Y 


$79.95 


5 )TS. 




Solutions 


System 12 


N 







Y 


Y 


150 


Y 


6 


6 


Y 


$59.95 


5 yrs. 




Dvnatech 


Surge Sentry MSF 


Y 




1 


Y 


Y 


100 


Y 


6 


6 


Y 


$99.95 


2 yrs. 






Surge Sentry SC 


Y 




1 


Y 


Y 


100 


Y 


5 


6 


Y 


$179.95 


2 yrs. 






Surge Sentry DSF 


Y 




1 


Y 


Y 


100 


N 


4 


6 


Y 


$129.95 


2 yrs. 


Reset switch 


Electronic 


SKF-33 


Y 







Y 


N 


70 


N 


3 


3 


Y 


$49.95 


5 yrs. 




Specialists 


SKF-33M 


Y 







Y 


Y 


210 


N 


3 


3 


Y 


$87.96 


5 yrs. 






SKF-33S 


Y 







Y 


N 


70 


N 


3 


3 


Y 


$66.95 


5 yrs. 




EPD 


Kiwi 


N 







Y 


Y 


NA 


N 


1 





Y 


$19.95 


5 yrs. 






Peach 


Y 







Y 


Y 


NA 


N 


3 





Y 


$59.95 


5 yrs. 






Squash 


Y 







Y 


Y 


NA 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$99.95 


5yTS. 




Indus-Tool 


Isobar 4-6 


Y 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$79.95 


lyr. 






Isobar 2-6 


Y 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


2 


6 


Y 


$54.95 


lyr. 






Isobar 8-15 


Y 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


8 


15 


Y 


$97.95 


lyr. 




Kalglo 


Mini II 


Y 







Y 


Y 


100 


N 


2 


6 


Y 


$49.95 


lyr. 




Electronics 


Quad II 


Y 







Y 


Y 


135 


N 


4 





Y 


$59.95 


lyr. 






DPC 


Y 







Y 


Y 


135 


Y 


8 


7 


Y 


$89.95 


lyr. 


Switch for 
each outlet 


MFJ 


MFJ 1105 


N 







Y 


Y 


50 


Y 


12 


6 


Y 


$44.95 


lyr. 




Enterprises 


MFJ 1 107 


Y 







Y 


Y 


50 


Y 


8 


6 


Y 


$79.95 


lyr. 






MFJ 1109 


Y 







Y 


Y 


50 


Y 


8 


6 


Y 


$129.95 


lyr. 




Networx 


Wire Tree Plus 


Y 




2 


Y 


Y 


120 


Y 


6 


9 


Y 


$99.95 


5 yrs. 


Modem 




Wire Tree 


Y 







Y 


N 


40 


Y 


4 


9 


Y 


$69.95 


5 yrs. 


Protection 




Wire Cube 


Y 







Y 


N 


40 


N 


1 





Y 


$29.95 


5 yrs. 




Para Systems 


Clean Power 1200 


Y 







Y 


Y 


100 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$49.95 


2 yrs. 


Flame 
retardanl case 


PMC 


Model 061 


N 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


4 





Y 


$59.95 


lyr. 




Industries 


Model 062 


Y 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


2 





Y 


$79.95 


lyr. 






Model 038 


Y 







Y 


Y 


70 


Y 


6 


6 


Y 


$125.00 


lyr. 


Reset switch 


PT1 


Model 100 


Y 




1 


Y 


Y 


200 


N 


6 


6 


Y 


$99.95 


Lifetime 


Reset switch 


Datashield 


Model 1 10 AMS 


Y 




1 


Y 


Y 


200 


N 


6 


6 


Y 


$99.95 


Lifetime 


Reset switch 




Model 575 


Y 




1 


Y 


Y 


200 


Y 


4 


6 


N 


$59.95 


Lifetime 




Severts- 


Zapstar S-6 


Y 







Y 


Y 


800 


Y 


6 


6 


Y 


$59.95 


Lifetime 




Zorman 


Zapstar S-6P 


Y 




1 


Y 


Y 


200 


Y 


6 


6 


Y 


$79.95 


Lifetime 




Engineering 


Zapstar S-4 


Y 







Y 


Y 


50 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$39.95 


Lifetime 




Tandy Corp./ 


Automatic Power 




























Radio Shack 


Strip #26-1429 
Spike Protector 


N 







Y 


Y 


NA 


Y 


6 


6 


N 


$69.95 


3mos. 






#26-1244 


Y 







Y 


Y 


50 


Y 


8 


6 


Y 


NA 


3mos. 




Verite 


Veri/Protektor 


N 







Y 


N 


90 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$49.95 


lyr. 


Reset switch 




Veri/Protektor Ii 


Y 







Y 


N 


90 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$69.95 


lyr. 


Reset switch 




Veri/Protektor III 


Y 







Y 


N 


90 


Y 


4 


6 


Y 


$189.00 


lyr. 


Reset switch 



Table 1. Features of sample surge protectors. NA means not available. 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 65 



Computer Accessories Corp. 
76% Formula Place 


Electronic Protection Devices Inc. 
41 Montuale Ave. 


MFJ Enterprises Inc. 
921 Louisville Road 


PTI Datashield 
320 River St. 


San Diego. CA 92121 


Stoneham, MA 02180 


Starkville, MS 39739 


Santa Cruz. CA 95060 


619-695-3773 


617-279-0424 


800-647-1800 


408-429-6881 


Computer Power Solutions Inc. 
8800 49th St. N.. Suite 203 
Pinellas Park, FL 33565 
800-237-6010 
813-544-8801 


800-343-1813 

Electronic Specialists Inc. 
171 S. Main St. 
Natick. MA 01760 
617-655-1532 


601-323-5869 

Networx 

203 Harrison Place 

Brooklyn, NY 11237 

800-522-2222 


Sevens- Zorman Engineering 
7144 W. McNabRoad 
Fort Lauderdale. FL 33319 
305-722-7770 


Curtis Manufacturing Co., Inc. 
305 Union St. 
Peterborough, NH 03458 
603-924-7803 


Indus-Tool 

325 W. Huron St. 

Chicago, IL 60610 

312-642-6871 

800-662-5021 (orders only) 


Para Systems Inc. 

1 1425 Mathis St., Suite 404 

Dallas, TX 75234 

214-869-1688 


Tandy Corporation/ Radio Shack 
1800 One Tandy Center 
Fort Worth. TX 76102 
817-390-3700 


Dynatech Computer Power Inc. 
21 Governor's Court 
Baltimore, MD 21207 
800-638-9098 


Kaglo Electronics Co. Inc. 
6584 Ruch Road 
Bethlehem. PA 18107 
215-837-0700 


PMC Industries 

9353 Activity Road, Suite K 

San Diego, CA 92126 

619-695-3520 


Verne 

1614 W. Anaheim Road 

Harbor City. CA 90710 

213-325-0200 




Table 2. List of manufacturers' addresses. 









Photo 4. Indus- Tool's Isobar 8-15. 



dicate voltage clamping, the device prob- 
ably contains only a filter circuit. A line 
filter can control RFI/EMI noise, but 
it's the large surges that ruin equipment. 

Price is no indicator of quality when 
choosing a surge protector. Some of the 
cheapest units feature full protection 
against voltage surges, and some costly 
units contain no surge protection at all. 

The only way to be assured of a unit's 



Circle 381 on Reader Service card 



Circle 150 on Reader Service card 



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BODEX CORP. 

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Runtime System $250; Sample Disk $10. 

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,i] VISA rn Checks. 
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i- i 
of Summit Software R-chimlnp Inc 
linm and IBM Pi XT 

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ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE TANDY HUM). 12(H) AND 21)00 



66 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 367 on Reader Service card. 




Photo 5. The Kalglo Electronics Quad II. 

reliability is to buy a device that states 
that it uses MOV voltage clamping with 
RF1/EMI filtration. 

Extra Charges 

Some suppressors include an exten- 
sion cord. Indus-Tool's Isobar 8-15, for 
example, includes a 15-foot cord, while 
Kalglo Electronk's Quad II (see Photos 



4 and 5) plugs directly into an outlet. 
Units are also available with a main 
switch that turns all outlets off at once, 
or with LED displays that tell you sys- 
tem status and/or whether a spike has 
occurred. Such niceties add to the price 
of surge protection, but might be worth 
the extra cash to you. 

Caveat 

Finally, even the best surge protectors 
have their limits. A surge containing 
more energy than a surge protector's 
rating "splashes over" into your equip- 
ment. MOV-equipped surge protectors 
handle most surges with no splashover, 
but nothing can protect your equipment 
against a direct lightning hit. 

Three MOVs weigh less than an 
ounce, but can save you thousands of 
dollars in less than a 10th of a second. A 
good surge protector is the best in- 
surance you can buy. I 



Mark D. West is a doctoral student in 
journalism at the University of North 
Carolina at Chapel Hill. Contact him at 
P.O. Box 325, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. 




Power 
Problems? 





Circle 486 on Reader Service card. 

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80 Micro, May 1985 • 67 



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68 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 69 




RESTRICTED 
ENTRY 

by Jose. E. Anaya 
Prompter lets you specify the kind of prompted input your programs accept. 



You're finished entering data in 
an application program, and 
at the file name prompt you 
type in DATABASE3 and hit the enter 
key. Everything is fine until you look 
for the DATABASE2 file. It's gone. 
You forgot: The input routine accepts 
only eight characters. You wrote over 
DATABASES 

My Basic input routine, Prompter, 
solves this problem by letting you 
specify the type and number of char- 
acters a program accepts as input. In 
addition, Prompter replaces the ques- 
tion mark prompt with a blinking cur- 
sor, preserves the screen line following 
input (most input routines clear the 
screen), allows multiple inputs on the 
same line, and rejects input that erases 
the display. 
70 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



The Shortcomings 
Of Input Routines 

Input and LINEINPUT statements 
often cause program crashes. Both ac- 
cept any character you type in from the 
keyboard, including destructive input 
such as the clear key or line feeds. 

These input statements accept char- 
acters typed in from the keyboard up to 
the limit of the input buffer. Many pro- 
grams issue a caveat: "Enter a file name 
of up to eight characters." However, 
you still might accidentally enter more 
characters. 

Also, these input statements limit you 
to entering only characters represented 
on the keyboard. You can't, for exam- 
ple, enter ASCII 191 (a block character). 

Finally, input statements erase the 
screen after you press the enter key 



because Basic inserts a carriage return 
as a terminator. 

The Routine 

You can insert Prompter anywhere in 
a program. Models I, III, and 4 owners 
should use Program Listing 1. Program 
Listings 2 and 3 contain changes for 
running the routine on the Models 
1000/1200 and the Model 2000. 

To use the routine, you first have to 
define several variables to control the 
cursor and represent valid characters as 
shown in lines 60 and 80, respectively. 
Do this early in the program. 

Variable BS$ in line 60 is the back- 
space character. I use it to erase the last 
character typed in. The Models 1000 
and 1200 recognize CHR$(8) as the 
backspace key input but it doesn't per- 



form the back-up and erase func- 
tions — it prints a block character. Use 
CHR$(29) to move the cursor left and 
CHR$(32) to erase. 

Variable CR$ is the carriage return 
character for the enter key, and PT$ is 
the cursor character. I use ASCII 
132 — a block character — as the cursor. 

You must also define strings of valid 
characters the routine can accept. You 
can define other sets of characters or 
enhance those shown in line 80. AU$ 
represents the uppercase alphabet; NU$ 
represents numbers 0-9, the period, and 
the hyphen characters. 

You might want to add the space or 
backslash characters to AU$ or add the 
lowercase alphabet: AL$ = "abcdefgh- 
ij klmnopqrstu vwxyz . ' ' 

Program Operation 

The subroutine in lines 110-130 is a 
keyboard scanner loop that controls the 
iterations to blink the cursor. You can 
change the number of iterations to 
make the cursor flash faster or slower, 
but be sure to define X as a single- 
precision number, not as an integer. At 
line 120, the statement X = 30 lets you 
exit the loop as soon as you press a key. 

Line 150 turns on the cursor, calls the 
scanner to get a character, then turns 
off the cursor by backspacing over it 
(rather than replacing it with a space 
character). This technique makes sure 
that when you exit, you get the cursor 
positioned after the last input character. 

After turning off the cursor, the rou- 
tine tests Z$, the INKEYS variable, for 
a pressed key that terminates scanning. 

If you aren't pressing a key, line 160 
recalls the Scanner subroutine with the 
cursor turned off and the procedure re- 
peats until you press a key. With the cur- 
sor turned on, you can't exit the loop. 

The Cursor subroutines get a char- 
acter from the keyboard and the sub- 
routine at lines 170-220 displays and 
validates it. 

Line 180 sets the input buffer, BF$, 
as an empty string and sets buffer length 
(LN) to zero. You can control the buff- 
er length by PEEKing VARPTR(BFS) 
or by computing LEN(BF$). 

Line 190 GOSUBs to the Cursor sub- 
routine, which goes to the keyboard 
scanner subroutine. If you press the en- 
ter key, the subroutine ends and control 
returns to the point where the program 
requested input. 

Note the CR$ variable isn't dis- 
played, so you can input more variables 
on the same line. You can't do this with 
Input or LINEINPUT statements 
unless you control the cursor position 



with a PRINT® statement. However, 
this approach doesn't prevent Basic 
from destroying the next display line. 
With Input or LINEINPUT you can't 
avoid scrolling at line 16 on the screen 
because of the carriage return that the 
interpreter inserts. 

Line 200 determines whether or not 
you entered a backspace character. It 
goes to line 210 if it finds a backspace; 
otherwise it goes to line 220. 

Line 210 tests the buffer length. If the 
buffer is empty, the routine rejects the 
backspace to avoid destroying the input 
line. The program then goes back to the 
Scanner subroutine through the appro- 
priate call at line 290. If the buffer isn't 
empty, the routine decrements the buff- 
er length by 1, adjusts the buffer to drop 
the right-most character, and returns to 
the Scanner subroutine. 

Line 220 tests for a valid character by 
searching Z$ through the valid charac- 
ter set. Define the valid character set 
before the line that calls the subroutine 
in the main program by setting VD$ 
(the valid character set string) to include 
all characters valid for the specific in- 
put. For example, you might specify 
VD$ = AU$, VD$ = NU$, or VD$ = 
AU$ + AL$, or whatever you need. 

It also tests the buffer length LN full 
status by comparing LN, the actual 
buffer length, against LM, the maxi- 
mum input length. Set LM from the 
calling line in the main program. Define 
LN and LM as integers to get a fast sys- 
tem response. 

If the routine detects an invalid char- 
acter or a full buffer, it rejects Z$ and 
directs control to the Scanner subrou- 
tine. Press the backspace or enter keys 
for a full buffer condition, or enter a 
valid character. 

If you press a valid character and the 
routine finds unused space in the buff- 
er, it increments the length by 1 and the 
buffer incorporates and displays the 
new character. Control then returns to 
the Scanner subroutine. 

A Short Demonstration 

Lines 499-560 contain a small pro- 
gram that illustrates the correct calling 
procedures. This program prompts you 
for a name and a check number. 

Assume that you want users of your 
program to type in a name no more than 
30 characters long in uppercase, with 
periods and spaces as acceptable input. 
You also want users to enter a check 
number no longer than five characters. 

Line 510 sends the prompt, defines 
the valid character set for names, and 
sets the maximum number of characters 



to 30. Line 520 calls the Input subrou- 
tine. If you enter no characters, control 
returns to the subroutine. 

Line 530 transfers the buffer to the 
permanent variable CN$ and uses a 
Print statement to generate a carriage 
return. This puts the second input on 
the next line. 

Line 540 starts this process over for 
the second input, changing the valid 
character set and the maximum input 
length. 

Limitations and Improvements 

The Input routine performs much 
like the LINEINPUT statement. On a 
single call you can set only one variable, 
and you can only set strings. But you 
can convert BF$ to its numeric equiv- 
alent with VAL(BFS). 

To improve the program, you might 
add the capability to erase a line with 
one keystroke, as you can with Input 
and LINEINPUT. Finally, you might 
modify the routine to control the exact 
input length for entering dates, phone 
numbers, and so on. ■ 

Jose E. Anaya is a computer con- 
sultant and chief of the Department of 
Business Administration at the Uni- 
versidad de Monterrey. Contact him at 
Fresnillo 224-A, Col. Mitras Centro, 
Monterrey, NL 64460, Mexico. 

System Requirements 

Models I, m, 4, 1000, 1200, and 2000 

32KRAM 

Disk Basic 



io*o « 



Related Articles 

Alfred. Norma Jean. "Bus Stop," April 1982, p. 244. 
Model I utility (hat provides direct access to machine- 
language routines. 

Bishop, Daniel R. "The Competition's Cursor," Sep- 
tember 1980, p. 210. Gives Model I. Level II Basic a 
flashing cursor. 

Byrnes, Christian F. "Formatted Screen Input," Oc- 
tober 1981, p. 350. A technique that makes Model I 
data entry easier. 

Decker, Jack. "Input with Insight," October 1980, p. 
138. Correct the limitations of the Input command 
with the INKEYS function. 

Mickey, Everett. "The Flasher," January 1982, p. 
276. A flashing prompt routine for Model I programs. 

Schweizer, G. "The Input Specifier," February 1983, 
p. 328. A Model II utility that specifies the input pa- 
rameters by setting variables. 

Smith, Roger A., Jr. "Easy Input," November 1984, 
p. 109. One line of code that helps you design formats 
for user input in your Model III Basic programs. 

Wilde, Tim. "Versatile Input." September 1980. p. 
98. A Model I utility that makes input more flexible. 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 71 



Circle 136 on Reader Service card 




[INK 

AGAIN 



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your TRS -80 Model I/HI Basic Pro- 
grams running right. If you think 
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they are. Compile them with 
ACCEL3/4. 

ACCEL3/4 is famous for a unique 
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tions and controls the interpreter 
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compile big programs (25K+). And 
look at these speedups* 




'Actually, ratios are even better in real 
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So if you think you need a whole 
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$ 99.95 + $2 s/h CA add 6% 
S3 (415) 601-9371 X 



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Box 11721 San Francisco, CA 94101 



Program Listing 1. Basic input routine. 



10 REM *** 
20 REM *** 
30 REM *** 
40 REM *** 



THE CUSTOM INPUT ROUTINE *** 

AUTHOR: JOSE E AN AY A P *** 

80 MICRO READERS ARE LICENSED TO USE THIS *** 

BASIC CODE FOR PERSONAL USE. NOT FOR SALE. *** 



50 CLEAR 1000: DEFINT I-N 

60 BS$-CHRS(8): CR$-CHR$ (13) :PT$«CHR$ (132) 

70 REM *** VALID CHARACTER SETS ARE DEFINED *** 

80 AU$-"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ. ": NU$«"01234567 89" 

90 REM *** GOTO MAIN PROGRAM *** 

100 GOTO 500 

110 REM *** KEYBOARD SCANNER *** 

120 FOR X«l TO 30: Z$»INKEY$: IF Z$<>"" THEN X=30 

130 NEXT X: RETURN 

140 REM *** BLINKING CURSOR SUBROUTINE *** 

150 PRINT PT$;:GOSUB 120:PRINT BS$;:IF Z$<>"" THEN RETURN 

160 GOSUB 120: IF Z$="" THEN 150 ELSE RETURN 

170 REM *** INPUT BUFFER CONTROLLER *** 

180 LN-0: BFS-" 

190 GOSUB 150: IF Z$«CR$ THEN RETURN 

200 IF Z$OBS$ THEN 220 

210 IF LN=0 THEN 190 ELSE LN-LN-1: BF$»LEFT$(BF$,LN) : PRINT BS$; 

: GOTO 190 
220 IF INSTR(VD$,Z$)=0 OR LN=LM THEN 190 ELSE LN=LN+1: 

BF$«BF$+Z$: PRINT Z$;: GOTO 190 

..... OTHER LINES COULD BE HERE * - « = = 

499 REM *** MAIN PROGRAM BEGINS *** 

500 CLS 

510 PRINT "TYPE CUSTOMER NAME: ";: VD$-AU$: LM=30 

520 GOSUB 180: IF LN=0 THEN 520 

530 CN$-BF$: PRINT 

540 PRINT "TYPE CHECK NUMBER: " ; : VD$=NU$:LM»5 

550 GOSUB 180: IF LN-0 THEN 550 

560 CK$-BF$: PRINT 

■ = ■ ■ ■ PROGRAM CONTINUES HERE = = = . . 



Program Listing 2. Changes for the Modeb 1000 and 1200. 



MODEL 1000/1200 CONVERSION 

60 BS$=CHR$(29) : CRS-CHR$ (13) :PT$-CHR$( 8) : SP$=CHR$(32) 

150 PRINT PT$;BS$;:GOSUB 120: PRINT SP$;BS$;:IF Z$<>"" THEN RETURN 

200 IF Z$OPT$ THEN 220 



Program Listing 3. Changes for the Model 2000. 



MODEL 2000 CONVERSION 

60 BS5-CHR$(8): CR$=CHR$(13) 

150 GOSUB 120: IP Z$<>"" THEN RETURN 



End 




72*80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 18 on Reader Service card. 



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TRS-60 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp. 



UTILITY 



by Raymond C. Boggs 



Stationary 
Department 

Protect up to seven lines at the top of your Model 4 screen. 



I love my Model 4, but I wish it had 
the Model Ill's scroll-protect fea- 
ture. While scroll protection is 
available on the Model 4, you can only 
invoke it with a machine-language rou- 
tine. Because TRSDOS 6.X doesn't in- 
clude a command to easily access this 
option, I decided to write a short rou- 
tine, Scroll, to do so. 

Scroll lets you scroll-protect up to 
seven lines at the top of your Model 4's 
video screen. And you can run the pro- 
gram from TRSDOS Ready or incorpo- 
rate it anywhere in a Basic program. 

Using Scroll 

Scroll resides on disk, in the memory 
area that begins at 2600 hexadecimal. 

To use Scroll, type in the Assembly- 
language code in Program Listing 1. If 
you don't have an ALDS assembler, 
change line 130 to ORG 2600H. Then 
save the program to disk and assemble it. 

If you're not using an editor/assem- 
bler, type in the Basic program (Pro- 
gram Listing 2). Listing 2 creates an ex- 
ecutable machine-language file on disk 
that's identical to the machine-language 
file my editor/assembler produces. 

To run the Assembly-language pro- 
gram from TRSDOS Ready, type in 
SCROLL (LINES = n), where n is the 
number of lines (up to seven) you want 
to scroll-protect. To run the program 
from Bask, type in SYSTEM "RUN 
SCROLL (LINES = n)". You can ab- 
breviate LINES, the parameter name, 
to L, which you can use anywhere in a 
Basic program. 



System Requirements 






Model 4 

64KRAM 

Assembly language or Disk Bask 

TRSDOS 6.X 

Editor/assembler optional 

74 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Scroll considers the parameter n as 
modulo 8, meaning that if you specify 
LINES = 8, Scroll translates that as a 
zero. Similarly, it interprets LINES = 9 
as a 1, and so on. 

The LINES = n parameter accepts 
only numeric input; if you enter any 
other value, you'll get an error message. 

Because Scroll resides on disk, it's 
not nearly as fast as a simple POKE 
from Basic, but unless you plan to con- 
stantly change the number of protected 



lines within a single program, speed 
shouldn't be a major factor. ■ 



Contact Raymond C. Boggs at 4735 
Feigley Road SW, Port Orchard, WA 
98366. 



Related Article 

Kefler, M. "As the Screen Scrolls," February 1982, 
p. 264. Scroll protection for the Model 1 . 





Program Listing 1. Source Listing for Scroll in ALDS 03.02.00 format. 


00100 


0DSPLY 


EQU 


0AH 


DEFINE MESSAGE LINE DISPLAY SVC 


00110 


§PARAM 


EQU 


11H 


DEFINE PARAMETER PARSE SVC 


00120 


8VDCTL 


EQU 


0FH 


DEFINE VIDEO CONTROL SVC 


00130 




PSECT 


2600H 


START PROGRAM IN OVERLAY AREA 


00140 


SCROLL 


LD 


A,@PARAM 


LOAD ePARAM SVC NUMBER 


00150 




LD 


DE, PTABLE 


LOAD 'DE' WITH PARAMETER TABLE 


00160 




RST 


288 


GO PARSE PARAMETER FROM COMMAND LINE 


00170 




JR 


NZ, ERROR 


ERROR ON RETURN - DISPLAY ERROR... 


00180 








MESSAGE & RETURN. 


00190 




LD 


A, (RESP) 


GET RESPONSE CODE 


00200 




AND 


80 H 


TEST FOR PROPER RESPONSE 


00210 




JR 


Z , ERROR 


IMPROPER RESPONSE - GO PRINT ERROR MESSAGE 


00220 




LD 


A, (LINES) 


EVERYTHING OK - GET USER'S INPUT VALUE... 


00230 




LD 


C,A 


INTO 'C. 


00240 




LD 


A,§VDCTL 


LOAD VIDEO CONTROL SVC 


00250 




LD 


B,07H 


LOAD VIDEO CONTROL FUNCTION 


00260 




RST 


2 8H 


GO SCROLL PROTECT LINES 


00270 




LD 


HL,0000H 


SET HL FOR NO ERROR ON RETURN 


00280 




RET 




RETURN TO CALLER 


00290 


ERROR 


LD 


A,@DSPLY 




00300 




LD 


HL, ERRMES 


POINT 'HL' TO ERROR MESSAGE 


00310 




RST 


28H 


GO DISPLAY MESSAGE 


00320 




LD 


HL,0000H 


SET HL FOR NO ERROR ON RETURN 


00330 




RET 




RETURN TO CALLER 


00340 


ERRMES 


DEFM 


'Parameter error 


; ERROR MESSAGE 


00350 
00360 
00370 




DEPB 


0DH 


MESSAGE TERMINATOR 


;** TABLE OF 


PARAMETER TYPE BYT 


:S, PARAMETER NAMES, AND ** 


00380 


;*• RESPONSE 


TYPE & LENGTH RETUI 


*NED BY THE @PARAM SVC. ** 


00390 










00400 


PTABLE 


DEFB 


80 H 


PARAMETER TABLE HEADER CODE 


00410 




DEFB 


10010000B+05H 


BIT 7 - ACCEPT NUMERIC VALUE . . . 


00420 








BIT 4 = ACCEPT ABBREVIATED PARAMETER NAME... 


00430 








05H = LENGTH OF PARAMETER NAME. 


00440 




DEFM 


' LINES ' 


PARAMETER NAME 


00450 


RESP 


DEFB 


00H 


RESPONSE BYTE : TYPE & LENGTH OF RESPONSE 


00460 




DEFK 


LINES 


POINT TO * LINES TO SCROLL PROTECT,... 


00470 








AS CONVERTED & STORED BY THE 3PARAM SVC. 


00480 




DEFB 


00H 


END OF PARAMETER TABLE 


00490 


LINES 


DEPS 


02H 


AREA TO RECEIVE 1 LINES TO PROTECT 


00500 




END 


SCROLL 


End 



Program Listing 2. Bask program that creates Scroll from Basic. 




10 OPEN "0",1, "SCROLL/ CMD' 

20 FOR X-l TO 95 : READ Y : A$=A$+CHRS ( Y) : NEXT X 

30 PRINT #1, A$; 

40 CLOSE 1 

50 END 




100 DATA 5,9,0,0,0,83,67,82,7 9,76,76,5,9,0,0,3 8,32,32,32,32,32,32 
110 DATA 1,67,0,3 8,62,17,17,54,3 8,23 9,32,20,5 8,61,3 8,230,128,40,13 
120 DATA 58,65,3 8,7 9,62,15,6,7,23 9,33,0,0,201,62,10,33,3 8,3 8,23 9,33 
130 DATA 0,0,201,80,97,114,97,109,101,116,101,114,32,101,114,114,111 
140 DATA 114,13,128,149,76,73,78,69,83,0,65,38,0,2,2,0,38 


End 



YOU CHOOSE: 





MUNK 


Crosstalk XVI 


Smartcom II 


Terminal Emulation Mode 








Menu-driven Interface 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Expert brief Command Mode 


Yes 


Yes 




Extensive Help Facility 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Directory-based Autodialing 


Yes 






Automatic Logon 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Programmable Function Keys 


Yes 


Yes 




Multiple Modem Support 


Yes 


Yes 




File Transfer Mode 








Error Checking Protocol 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Wildcard File Transfers 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


File Transfer Lists 


Yes 






XMODEM Protocol Support 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Mainframe Versions Available 


Yes 






Command Language 








Conditional Instructions 


Yes 


Yes 




User Variables 


Yes 






Labels 


Yes 


Yes 




Fast Interpreted Ob|ect Code 


Yes 






Program Run 


Yes 


Yes 




Subroutines 


Yes 






Arithmetic and String Instructions 


Yes 






Debugger 


Yes 






Miscellaneous 








Remote Access 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


Electronic Mail 


Yes 






Unattended Scheduling 


Yes 


Yes 




Expandable Interface 


Yes 






CP.'M Versions Available 


Yes 







MLINK 



TM 



The choice is easy. Our MLINK Data Communications System is the most powerful and 
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Choose the best. Choose MLINK. 



Corporate Microsystems, Inc. 
P.O. Box 277 
Etna, NH 03750 
(603) 448-5193 



Please send me the following version(s) of MLINK: 

Tandy Model 1000/1200 (MS-DOS) 

Tandy Model 2000 (MS-DOS) 

Tandy Model 4 or 4P (CP/M Plus only) 

IBM® PC or compatible (PC-DOS) 

Send me more information 

Other versions are also available. 

Please call for current version information. 



Introductory offer - we pay shipping! 
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MUNK is j trademark <>i c orporate Microsystems. Inc. Crosstalk XVI is a trademark ot Microti ut. Smartcom n is a trademark of Hayes Microcomputer Products. IBM is a 
registered trademark of IBM Corp PC-DOS is a trademark ol IBM Corp MS-DOS is a trademark ol Microsoft Corp. CP/M is a registered trademark ol Digital Research. 

80 Micro, May 1985 • 75 



KAYmo /yfs C 




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Coming Together: Building 
The CMOS Computer 



Last month (p. 82), I described 
the component parts of a 
CMOS (complimentary metal oxide 
semiconductor) single-board com- 
puter. This month, I'll explain how to 
build and operate the computer. 

Building the DR800 Board 

I've developed a printed circuit 
(PC) board for this project, and it's 
available as indicated in the parts list I 
included in April's column (p. 85). 
The schematics for the DR800 board 
are shown in Figs. 4a, 4b, and 4c (Figs. 
1-3 appeared last month). Most of the 
parts are readily available. You can 
substitute special parts (like the spe- 
cific type of reset switch) as required. 

The board uses a 2 MHz NSC800 
microprocessor. NSC800*s are also 
available in 1 MHz and 4 MHz ver- 
sions. The DR800 isn't designed to op- 
erate at 4 MHz, but you can operate it 
at 1 MHz if desired. Processor speed is 
one-half the crystal frequency, so a 2 
MHz crystal can be used for 1 MHz 
operation. You might wonder why 
anyone would want to operate at a 
slower frequency. Besides being less 
expensive (for the 1 MHz NSC800), it 
draws less power because the pro- 
cessor operates slower; a 1 MHz pro- 
cessor uses significantly less current 
than a 2 MHz processor. 

All of the logic chips, except the bus 
interface chips, use high-speed CMOS 
(HQ logic. This is a relatively new 
logic family having speeds similar to 
low-power Schottkey (LS) logic, with 
the power consumption of CMOS. 
You don't need to install the bus inter- 
face chips U35, U29, U31, and U32, 
(or the RP4 resistor pack) if you're not 
using the Multibus interface. 

The bus offers several jumper-se- 
lectable memory options as far as 
RAM and ROM installations. I'll de- 
scribe them in the operations section. 




Photo. The DR8O0 single-board computer. 



Connector Jl is the 86-pin Multibus 
connector, connector J2 is the 50-pin 
I/O connector and connector J3 is the 
26-pin serial I/O connector. These 
connectors have odd-numbered pins 
on one side, and even-numbered pins 
on the opposite side. 

You have a little versatility concern- 
ing power supply requirements. You 
need a -I- 5V supply at 40 milliamperes 
(mA) to run the board. You'll also use 
the + 5V supply as the positive RS- 
232C voltage. A negative RS-232C 
voltage (at 5mA) is also required. Al- 
though a - 5V supply is specified, any 
voltage between - 5 V and - 12V can 
be used. 

Operating the DR800 Board 

I chose the J2 connector for exter- 
nal device control, as well as I/O de- 
vice expansion, if desired. The pinout 
for the J2 connector is shown in Fig. 5. 
As shown, all of the signals for I/O 
device expansion are available, as well 
as most of the NSC810 signals. 



The J 3 serial I/O connector pinout 
is shown in Fig. 6. I used serial port 
zero as the terminal interface and 
serial port 1 as the host interface, 
when using the available DR800 mon- 
itor (described below). Note that these 
are bare-bones ports, lacking any 
handshaking lines. 

You should interface the NSC810 to 
other devices through the J2 I/O con- 
nector, though you can also interface 
it with circuitry built on the board's 
prototyping area. It provides a jumper 
option for the signal into the 
NSC810's timer zero input (pin 3). 
One source is the 2 MHz buffered pro- 
cessor clock, the other is a line on the 
J2 I/O connector, to allow an external 
device to control the line. 

If you're using the PC board, you 
might find the prototyping area useful 
for trying out different circuits. All 
necessary microprocessor signals are 
available on pads next to the prototyp- 
ing area, making memory and I/O de- 
vice addressing and interfacing 



78 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



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80 Micro. May 1985 • 79 



PROJECT 80 



straightforward. Power and ground 
buses are also available at the proto- 
typing area. 

You can select the amount and type 
of memory used based on the require- 
ments of your particular application. 
There are eight sockets for 6514-type 
4K-bit RAM chips, which are nibble- 
wide. You can, therefore, add these 
chips in IK increments as needed (one 
pair of 6514s at a time), to a maximum 
of 4K of 6514s. You can also use 
2114-type NMOS RAMs in these sock- 
ets, though with greater power con- 
sumption. 

The DR800 provides four 24-pin 



JEDEC sockets for ROM and, option- 
ally, additional RAM. The first socket 
is wired to always be a ROM socket, 
since the microprocessor boots from 
this area (location 0000 hex) on reset. 
The remaining three sockets each have 
a jumper to select the socket for RAM 
or ROM operation. If you choose 
RAM operation, you can use a 6116- 
type CMOS RAM (2K) in the socket. If 
you select ROM operation, you can use 
either a 27C16 (or 2716 with higher 
power consumption) or a 27C32 (or 
2732A with higher power consump- 
tion) EPROM in the socket, depending 
on other jumper configurations. 



Each of the four sockets will take up 
either 2K or 4K of address space, de- 
pending on whether you pick 2716 
mode (2K) or 2732 mode (4K). To se- 
lect 2716 mode, you have to jumper 
the 2716/2732 jumper to the 2716 set- 
ting, and remove the 2732 select 
jumper. Similarly, to select 2732 
mode, you have to jumper the 2716/ 
2732 jumper to the 2732 setting, and 
the 2732 Select jumper must be in 
place. 

Note that while you can put the 4K 
ROMs in the sockets, you can only put 
2K byte RAMs in the sockets. If you 
put a 61 16 RAM device into a socket 



J2-20. ■»-«!<• 

J2-43.JI-42«-BSl£ 
J2-45. Jl-M* 
.12-46. JI-40< 
J2-49. JI-37 ^ 



J2-47. jl-77 f 




J2 . 10 <-SS!L 

J2 ., < _SfiOB 



80 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



PROJECT 80 



jumpered for RAM while the board is 
set for the 2732 mode, the RAM will 
be double-addressed at the lower 2K 
and the higher 2K addresses. 

You can use this to advantage. Sup- 
pose you need 4K more RAM (more 
than the 6514s provide), but you're 
also using 2732-type EPROMs. By 
putting a 61 16 RAM chip into each of 
the higher-order JEDEC sockets, you 
can use the higher 2K addressing for 
the lower RAM and the lower 2K ad- 
dressing for the higher RAM to get 4K 
of contiguous RAM space. 

You should note that addressing 
any memory in the 0000-7FFF hex 



range is reserved for on-board use, 
while addressing in the range 8000- 
OFFFF hex is reserved for off-board 
(or patch area) use. Likewise, I/O port 
addresses 00-7F hex are used on- 
board, while addresses 80-0FF hex are 
addressed off-board (or in the patch 
area). 

If you address the upper memory or 
I/O through the patch area or the J2 
I/O connector, you should remove 
U35 to prevent bus conflicts with the 
Multibus buffer. 

I used a clever circuit to allow both 
2K and 4K socket addressing. Chip 
U17 (74HC157) is a quad 2-to-l switch 



that switches the address lines going to 
the U18 (74HC138) address decoder 
chip, when inserting or removing the 
2732 select jumper. This changes the 
address range on the address decoder 
outputs between 2K and 4K, as 
desired. 

The 6402 UARTs are fairly simple 
devices and have been around for 
some time. I chose them because 
they're readily available, inexpensive, 
and simple to use. Since the control 
and status bits are signals brought out 
to the package pins instead of internal 
registers, you have to create the effect 
of a control register and a status regis- 



- S. 4. 5. 6. ■, 82. t 3. 84. J2 - 2. X - 
> JI-9. lO. J2-I. J4-J. 



1 1. 12. 7J. 76. 8). 86 
J4-2. JJ-EVtN #'« 



> J2-I7 TO PACE 2 8 5 

* J 2 -15 TO PACE 2 

* J2-I6 TO PAGE J 




* JI-58 
-> JI-57 



Figure 4a. DR800 single-board microprocessor. 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 81 



PROJECT 80 



ter by the design. This also means that 
no standard bit sequence for these reg- 
isters is available, so I had to create my 
own. 

The 6402 control register is shown 
in Fig. 7, while the 6402 status reg- 
ister is shown in Fig. 8. These registers 
are designed to act as typical UART 
registers; thus, for example, the data 



register ready signal is automatical- 
ly deactivated when the processor 
reads the received data byte. Refer 
to the manufacturer's data sheet 
for more information on using the 
6402 UART. 

The MC14411 (U12) is a CMOS 
baud-rate generator, used to generate 
the baud rates for the two UARTs. 



The baud rates are individually 
jumper-selectable. Merely jumper the 
desired baud rate frequency from the 
MC14411 to the appropriate UART 
clock line to set its baud rate. 

Table 1 shows the memory and I/O 
addressing map for the on-board 
DR800 functions. Use this to access 
the memory and I/O devices. 




82 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



PROJECT 80 



The DR800 Monitor 

I've written a reasonably extensive 
monitor program for the DR800 
board (the DR800 monitor). This 
monitor takes up most of a 27C32 
EPROM, and provides functions that 
let you look at and alter memory and 
I/O locations, set breakpoints, run 
programs, see NSC800 registers, 



download programs from a host sys- 
tem, and do other development opera- 
tions. Because of the length of the pro- 
gram, it's impractical to include a list- 
ing here. A copy of the ROM with 
operating instructions is available 
from the author as described in the 
parts list. A documented source listing 
is also available for an additional $5. 



I will briefly describe the functions 
of the DR800 monitor so you can un- 
derstand its function and the functions 
of the DR800 board more fully. Inci- 
dentally, the DR800 Monitor uses the 
128 bytes of NSC810 RAM for vari- 
able and stack purposes, leaving all 
other memory space (aside from the 
27C32) available for use as desired. 



> « 15 

> a is 



> J2-58 

> J2-39 




Figure 4b. DR800 single-txxird mi c roprocessor. 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 83 



PROJECT 80 



Table 2 shows the commands avail- 
able for the DR800 Monitor. The C 
(Communicate with the host) com- 
mand allows the operator on the ter- 
minal line to communicate transpar- 
ently to the host system through the 
host serial line. This is useful for ini- 
tiating program downloads and edit- 
ing files, etc. A control-T from the ter- 



minal brings the operator back to the 
DR800 monitor. 

The D (Display Memory) command 
lets you display a part of memory on 
the terminal. For example, the com- 
mand D 100, IFF displays the memory 
in the range 0100-OlFF hex in rows of 
16 bytes. The starting address of the 
row appears at the beginning of each 



screen line, and corresponding ASCII 
characters in the line, if any, are dis- 
played at the end of each screen line. 

The F (Fill Memory) command fills 
the specified memory range with a 
specified bit pattern. Zeros are the de- 
fault if no bit pattern is specified. 

The G (Go Execute) command 
starts program execution at the speci- 




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Figure 4c. DR800 single-board microprocessor. 



94*80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 18 on Reader Service card. 



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Star Powertype Daisy Wheel 


345.00 


Star SG-10 


245.00 


Star SG-15 


410.00 


Star SD-10 


365.00 


Panasonic P-1091 


315.00 


CITOH Prowriter 851 0AP 


320.00 


CITHO 7500 


230.00 


Okidata 92 


389.00 


Okidata 93 


625.00 


Epson 


CALL 



Tandy 1000/1200 accessories 

Tandy 1000 Disk Drive Kit 215.00 

256K Ram Board (inc. 128K & DMAJ245.00 

512K Ram Board (includes 128K) 205.00 

128K Ram Upgrade Kit (Tandy) 135.00 

128K Ram Upgrade Kit (NEC) 

300 Baud Modem Board 

RS-232 Serial Board 

Hard Disk Controller Board 

Digi-Mouse/Clock Board 

Tandy VM-2 Green Monitor 

Tandy CM-2 RGB Color Monitor 

Tandy VM-3 TTL Green Monitor 

Tandy 1200 Text Monitor Adapt. 

Tandy 1200 Color/Graphics Adapt240.00 

MODEMS 

Radio Shack DCM-3 

Radio Shack DC Modem IB 

Radio Shack DC Modem II 

Radio Shack DC Modem 2212 

Hayes Smartmodem II 300 Baud 215.00 

Hayes Smartmodem 1200 Baud 429.00 

Novation J-Cat 300 Baud 115.00 



98.00 
145.00 

89 00 
265.00 

89.00 
139.00 
449 00 
179.00 
179.00 



52.00 

89.00 

160.00 

315.00 



MODEL III/ IV ACCESSORIES 

PTC-64K Printer Buffer 199.00 

Model lll/IV Drive Kit 465.00 

Model lll/IV Drive 1 Kit 220.00 

Model lll/IV Hi-Res Board 229.00 

Model lll/IV RS-232 Board 99.00 

Model IV 64K Upgrade Kit 79.00 

FOR EVERYONE 

Radio Shack Powerline Filter 45.00 

CCR-81 Cassette Recorder 52.00 

CCR-82 Cassette Recorder 43.00 

C-20 Digital Cassette Tapes (10pk) 9.95 
Verbatim SSDD Plastic Box (10pk) 24.95 
Verbatim DDDD Plastic Box (10pk) 34.95 
Generic SSDD Diskettes (10pk) 17.95 
NEC 64K Ram Chips (set of 8) 49.00 
Radio Shack 16K Ram Chips (8) 25.00 
Locking Disk Box (holds 70) 19.95 

Flip N File Disk 50 15.00 

Fanfold CleanEdge Paper (2600) 35.00 

Radio Shack software 10% off. 

Send for complete listing of 

brand name software and hardware. 



CALL TOLL FREE 
1-800-343-8124 

• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES 

• BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY 

• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF 

• TIMELY DELIVERY 

• SHOPPING CONVENIENCE 

VISA 




P.O. Box 1094 
480 King Street 
Littleton, MA 01460 



SINCE 1973 



IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (617) 486-3193 



TRS-80 is a registered trademark ot Tandy Corp. 



PROJECT 80 



fied address. You can also optionally 
specify a breakpoint. If you reach a 
breakpoint, you can see the register 
values with the X (Examine Registers) 
command. 

The I (Input) command permits in- 
putting from an input port (in I/O 
space). Similarly, the O (Output) com- 
mand permits outputting a value to an 
output port (in I/O space). 

The L (Load From Host) command 



lets you download program object 
files in standard Intel hex/ ASCII for- 
mat from the host system to the 
DR800's memory for execution and 
debugging. 

The M (Move Memory) command 
allows you to move a block of mem- 
ory from one area to another. 

The P (Put ASCII) command per- 
mits you to put ASCII characters in 
memory. For example, suppose you 



want to put the words "I love Tandy" 
in memory starting at location 1000 
hex. Simply enter the command P 
1000 <CR>I LOVE TANDY 
<CTRL-D>, where <CR> is a 
carriage return and <CTRL-D> is a 
control-D. Use control-D to exit the 
put ASCII mode. 

The R (RAM Test) command per- 
mits testing of board memory in speci- 
fied address ranges, for any specified 



Pm# 


Signd 


1 


- 5V supply 


2 


+ 5V supply 


3 


DB6B data bus lines 


4 


DB7B 


5 


DB4B 


6 


DB5B 


7 


DB2B 


8 


DB3B 


9 


DB0B 


10 


DB1B 


11 


IO-MB/ 


12 


WRB/ 


13 


GND 


14 


RDB/ 


15 


ALEB 


16 


SIB 


17 


Reset out 


18 


CLKB/ 


19 


TO OUT 


20 


INTO/ (NSC800) 


21 


PCO-INTR/ 


22 


PC1-BF 


23 


PC2-STB/ 


24 


PB7 


25 


PB6 


26 


PB5 


27 


PB4 


28 


PB3 


29 


PB2 


30 


PB1 


31 


PB0 


32 


PA7 


33 


PA6 


34 


PA5 


35 


PA4 


36 


PA3 


37 


PA2 


38 


PA1 


39 


PA0 


40 


PC4-T2IN 


41 


PC3-TG 


42 


TOIN 


43 


RSTC/ 


44 


PC5-T10UT 


45 


RSTB/ 


46 


RSTA/ 


47 


WAIT/ 


48 


PS/ 


59 


NMI/ 


50 


INTAT/ 


Figure 5. J2 I/O connector pinout. 



Memory Addressing: 




000OH-3FFFH 


JEDEC ROM/RAM sockets 


4000H-4FFFH 


6514 RAM 


5000H-5FFFH 


Reserved (not implemented) 


6O0OH-6O7FH 


NSC810RAM 


6080H-7FFFH 


NSC810 RAM multiply addressed 


8000H-FFFFH 


Off-board addressing range 


I/O Addressing: 




00 


UART (U27) status/control ports 


01 


UART (U27) data ports (input and output) 


02 


UART 1 (Ull) status/control ports 


03 


UART 1 (Ull) data ports (input and output) 


04-5FH 


Reserved (not implemented) 


60-7FH 


NSC810 I/O 


80H-FFH 


Off-board I/O addressing range 


Table 1. DR800 memory and I/O addressing. 



nil 


Signal 


15 


Serial port 1 data in (connect to DB-25S pin 2) 


17 


Serial port zero data out (connect to DB-25S pin 3) 


19 


Serial port 1 data out (connect to DB-25S pin 3) 


23 


Serial port zero data in (connect to DB-25S pin 2) 


2-26 EVENS GND 


All remaining pins are unused 




Figure 6. J3 serial I/O connector pinout. 



PARITY SELECT 

- ODD PARITY 
I- EVEN PARITY 



CHARACTER LENGTH SELECT 
00-5 BITS 
01 = 6 BITS 
I0» 7 BITS 

11=8 BITS 



STOP BIT SELECT 

0" I STOP BIT 
I- 1.3 OR 2 STOP BITS 
(DEPENDING ON CHAR. 



PARITY ENABLE /DISABLE 

0- PARITY ENABLED 

1- PARITY DISABLED 



Figure 7. 6402 control register format. 



86 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



There's only one newsstand 

in the entire world 

offering you this selection 

of great computer publications. 



C0MPUTERW0R10 




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That's right; you can get them all here. And at discounts. 
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D Computerworld. If you manage information, you can't 
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n On Communication*. Bypass, teleconferencing, CATV: 
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TO ORDER: 

Check the publications you want above, then fill in below, 

and return this page to: 

CW Communications/lnc. 
Circulation Department 
Box 880 
Framingham, MA 01701 

Name 

(Please prrt or lype I 

Title 

Company 

Nature of Business 

Street 

City 

State 



Zip 



Telephone _L 



) 



Address shown is: D Home □ Business 

D Bill me. 

D Payment enclosed (make check payable to 

"CW Communications/lnc"). 
□ Send information about foreign rates. 
Please aflow 6-to-8 weeks for your first issue. 
Your Money-Back Guarantee 

If for any reason you're ever dissatisfied with your subscrip- 
tion, simply request a refund for all unmaited issues. 




::: cw communications inc. 



375 Cochituate Road, Box 880 

Framingham. MA 01701 

(617)879-0700 



6CO9-12-EM05 



PROJECT 80 



PARITY ERROR 



FRAMING ERROR 



OVERRUN ERROR 



DATA RECEIVED 



TRANSMITTER BUFFER EMPTY 



Figure 8. 6402 status register format. 



c 


Communicate with host system 


D 


Display memory 


F 


Fill memory with bit pattern 


G 


Go execute program 


I 


Input from port 


L 


Load program from host 


M 


Move memory block 


O 


Output to port 


P 


Put ASCII values in memory 


R 


RAM test 


S 


Substitute memory locations 


X 


Examine CPU registers 


Table 2. 


DR800 monitor command summary. 



number of iterations (not greater than 
FFFF hex). 

The S (Substitute Memory) com- 
mand lets you see memory locations in 
sequence beginning at a specified ad- 
dress, as well as selectively altered. 



Conclusion 

There is much more to be said about 
the DR800 board, but it is impractical 
to cover everything here. Interested 
readers are urged to use the list of ref- 
erences for further information. I will 



also make copies of the DR800 manual 
available for $5. 

I would like to thank Don Szeles of 
Dexter Research enter, Dexter, MI, for 
his help in getting the material together 
for this project. ■ 



Write to Roger C. Alford at Wash- 
tenaw Digital Systems, P.O. Box 
2014, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Please 
include a self-addressed, stamped en- 
velope/or a reply. 



Circle 285 on Reader Service card 



UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS 
BY SUN RESEARCH 



For complete protection from Blackout, Brownout, 
Surge and Spike specify a MAYDAY Uninterruptible 
Power System by SUN RESEARCH. 

Eliminate costly downtime and lost data caused by 
those momentary power losses. Protect your software 
and hardware from damage caused by sudden drops 
in line voltage. Isolate your computer system com- 
pletely from the AC wall circuit with a MAYDAY 
continuous (On-Line) Uninterruptible Power System. 
Give all your components clean 60Hz sine wave 
power for efficient operation at a price you can afford. 

MAYDAY™ UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS 
BY SUN RESEARCH 

Available in 150, 300, 600, 1000 and 1500 VA Capacities. 



Call 1-603-859-7110 



^\ -.■*■ - V 



">* 



rW 



MAY DAY '" Division 
SUN RESEARCH, INC. 

Old Bay Road 

Box 210 

New Durham. N.H 03855 




88 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 383 on Reader Service card. 




At Reviewed in 

80 Micro 12/82 80 US 2/83 
Electronic Learning 6/83 

Standard Pascal with many 
special features including 
random files up to 16 mega- 
bytes, peek, poke, and call. 
accessable pointer variables 
(like C), include, chain, and 
rename, graphics. Call or write 
for FREE descriptive brochure. 
Pascal 80 $79 ♦ $2 shipping 
Pascal 80 School Package $279 
Pascal 80 Trial Version $14.77 
Graphics Package $39.95 
• NOW on CP/M! 

Require* CP/M 80. 8"SSSD. Epson. 
Kaypco. Apple CP/M, Morrow formats 
available. Call for information on 
other formats. $39.95 



NEW QLASSICS 
SOFTWARE 



239 Fox Hill Road 

Denville. NJ 07834 

201-625-8838 



THE "BEST" SOFTWARE IS GUARANTEED! 
TRY IT and LIKE IT, or GET a REPUHD 

The machine code disk L-W It "A" rated by 
Allenbach'i "SOFTWARE REPORTS" for: 

EAST USE, DOCUMENTATION. FEATURES 

- FORM LBTTERS and LABELS on any printer. 

- ADD and SUB bookkeeping and tax columns. 

- LEGAL PAPER LINE NUMBERING. Centering. 

- Copy, move, delete, Insert, merge, aelect. 

-Screen display same as printout, unmodified 
M I users can see and print up/lower ease. 

•MASS MAILER, graphics, cancel changes. 

-SPLIT SCREEN typing line, see old and 

new versions, word wrap, disk warm start. 

•Over 50 "one key" INSERTION PHRASES. 

-ONE MODE: Type / Edit / Delete without 
switching modes -NO TRAINING PERIOD. 



WE PAY TAX and USA SHIPPING. Try your 
L-W for J monthi. Like It or return It for 
a refund, laaa our shipping costs of: $3.50. 

Models L m / TV: TAPE UK f tS.tO 

DISK U K ( • Kitra Peatures ) | S7.I9 

10 Verbatim S8/DD I 19.99, D8/DD t 33.99 

30 Mlcrosette C-10 tapes and boiea t 13.95 



ASTRO-STAR ENTERPRISES 
5905 Stone Hill Dr. Information/orders: 
Roeklin, CA 95077 ( 916 ) 934-3709 

Orders: 1 -800-622-4070 « _-» 
In IL 1-900-942-7317 ™ ■■* 



Circle 282 on Reader Service card. 



Circle 235 on Reader Service card. 



For Model III & Model 4, 1 or 2 drives 



FASTER READING 
Plus Better Comprehension 

with 

SUCCESS 



E PERSONAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 



ALWAYS AT 
SALE PRICES 



TANDY 

COMPUTERS 



IN SCHOOL BAT WORK a AT HOME 



Automatically adjusts to YOUR progress 

from present speed to Speed Reading 

THE "SUCCESS" SYSTEM WONT LET YOU FAIL 

DOUBLES reading speed in three weeKs' 

Includes two discs, manual, 15 lessons develop 

vocabulary, visual skills, reading speed and 

comprehension. Stores response. Charts progress. 

(No computer knowledge needed) 

Two great series - more coming. 
Series 1 - General reading. Fifteen original 

stories; history, sports, mystery, culture. 
Series 2 • Investments. Learn how to invest 
money while improving your reading skills. 



ORDER NOW 

Introductory 30V. discount — only $49.50 

Additional lesson discs — $19 95 



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(516) 293-6699 



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WITH THE MANUFACTURERS WARRANTY 



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(81 7) 481 SALE 
(9 a.m. - 5 p.m. CAT.) 




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HAVE YOU GOTOUR PRICES? 
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1-800-433-SALE 



TANDY 
IOOO 



•<- : TANDY 1000 




80 Micro, May 1985 • 89 



Circle 82 on Reader Service card. 



$777 



NEW! 



' 




Comes complete with cable 
and choice of software driver* 

(CPM, LDOS, TRSDOS) 



$899 
1095 



10 Megabyte Hard Drive 

15 Megabyte Hard Drive 

30 Megabyte Hard Driva 1 4™0 

SYSTEM FEATURES 

• For TRS-80 Model 3-4-4P 

• One Year Parts & Labor Warranty 

• Size Rated After Format 

• Continuous Duty Power Supply 

• Error Checking & Correcting 

• Continuous Duty Fan 
•Size 11.5" x 12.5" x 5.0" 

• All Contacts Gold Plated 



'Mom 3 rwMrw LDOS 

ModM 4 sou..! TRSDOS 8.2 or MonMzun* Mere CP/M 2.2 



5 MEG 
HARD 
DRIVE 



There are firms which offer benefits, experience or products seemingly 
too good to be true. Now why would you want to expose yourself to 
unhappiness when Aerocomp has a proven record of thousands of 
happy, satisfied TRS-80 customers. Just take a minute to look through 
back issues of this magazine. You won't find many companies that have 
been around as long as Aerocomp. We fully support TRS-80 computers 
and most all operating systems including CP/M 2.2. Aerocomp leads the 
way to low hard disk prices so you can afford to enjoy the benefits 
of increased storage and faster disk I/O. These units are precision 
engineered, tested and delivered complete and ready to use, right from 
our stock. Each unit is guaranteed for one year parts and labor. You 
can count on us to be here if you should ever need us. As always, 
your satisfaction is assured with our 1 4 day free trial offer. If, for some 
reason, you are dissatified with our drive merely return it for a full refund 
(less shipping). How can you go wrong? Specify the software driver of 
your choice and start enjoying your computer's real capability. Do it 
today! Call our toll-free number now! 



MODEL I 

DOUBLE DENSITY BOARD 

Add 80% more capacity to your disk 
system with the Double Density 
Controller (DDC) from Aerocomp. 

The Story 

Some products have what it takes to seem to last forever. Our "DDC" is 
one of those products. What it does is allow you to operate your TRS-80 
Model 1 disk system in double density. In this case double density means 
almost doubling the storage capacity of your diskettes. Single density, thats 
the way Radio Shack designed your Model I expansion interface, organizes 
your disk into 10 sectors per track. Each sector contains 256 bytes of data 
for a total storage capacity of 2.560 bytes or 2.5K per track times the number 
of tracks your drive is capable of adressing. Double density, on the other 
hand, writes 18 sectors per track each containing 256 bytes for a total of 
4,608 bytes or 4.5K. That is 80% more data in the same space. Why didn't 
Radio Shack do that in the beginning, you ask? Well it costs money to do 
double density because it is more difficult to do than single density and the 
data is harder to capture reliably. That means more cost and the Model I 
was meant to be a low-cost computer for the masses. Therefore, no double 
density for the original Model I. 

The Facts 

Other companies introduced double density controllers for the Model I but 
they were not so good. We waited and waited but. even new models failed 
to correct problems with data separation that kept cropping up. So we went 
to work and came up with a new design to cure the old problem. At last! 
A double density controller for the Model I with a higher probability of data 
recovery than with any other double density controller on the market then 
or since. Our analog design phase lock loop data separator has a wider 
capture window than the digital types the others use. This aBows high 
resolution data centering. Our "DDC" analog circuit allows infinately variable 
tuning. The attack and settling times are optimum for 5.25" diskettes. The 
oft-stated tears of adjustment problems rumored by digital dilettantes have 
been proved groundless by thousands of satisfied users the world over. The 
bottom line here is state-of-the-art performance and reliability. 



See opposite page till** 



Copytlgnt 1985 




"J "ifcafV' 



ORDER YOURS TODAY 

TRS-80 Model I disk system owners who are ready for reliable double density 
operation will get 80% more storage per diskette; single and double density 
data separation with far fewer disk I/O errors; single density compatibility: 
simple plug-in operation. You will need a disk operating system that has the 
necessary double density software All the popular DOS s (except TRSDOS) 
have the drivers. We have put together two special packages in the event 
you don't already have one of the more popular DOS s 

pimm add $4 MMRng a tfuppmg . ^m.^at, 

"DDC" by itself $99 

"DDC" and LDOS 159 

"DDC" and NEWDOS 80 2.0 ....179 



90 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 82 on Reader Service card. 



O- 40 Track 
a- 80 Track 
<y Single Head 
& Dual Head 
IT Bare 
1T Complete 
iy Full Size 
O- Half Size 



DISK 
DRIVES 



Aerocomp leads the way to the BEST value in disk drives and related peripheral products 
on the market today. Sound engineering, high performance, quality construction, no-risk 
free trial, outstanding warranty service and a reputation for doing the right thing make 
your decision to buy Aerocomp the correct one. Please look over our offerings and 
make your selection. When you have made your choice call our toll-free number and 
place your order. If you need assistance in making your selection, please call our 
information number. It's listed in the box at the bottom of this ad along with the technical 
assistance number for those of you who want to get right to the nitty-gritty. Thanks, 
we all appreciate your business and will continue to do our very best to support 
you. 



BARE DRIVES M k»k 

These drives are completely U 

burned-in and tested for your I 'tiffi H 
ultimate satisfaction. Add that I HH H 
extra drive today! These are new I ^B H 
factory drives. No Wems, seconds ■■ "^e™ ■" 
or closeouts. Instruction manual included at no 
extra cost. Service manuals are available. See 
"Miscellaneous Goodies" for info. 

40tk SS full size Tandon TM100-1 $129 

40tk DS ful size Tandon TM100-2 169 

40tk SS half high TEAC FD55-A 129 

40tk DS half high TEAC FD55-B 169 

80tk DS full size Tandon TM101-4 289 

80tk DS half high TEAC FD55-F 239 

8" SS Thinline Tandon TM848-1E 260 

8" DS Thinline Tandon TM848-2E 335 



8" FLOPPY DRIVES a*.$i2s»m 



■ 



These 8" Thinline drives work 
with the Model 2 and 16 plus 
others that use standard 
drives. The rugged all-steel 
cabinet has an extra heavy 
duty power supply rated for continuous operation. 
A removeabte air filter allows only clean air to 
circulate. Cabinets with single dnves are supplied 
with a blank panel to cover the unused space. A 
second drive can be added at any time. Service 
manuals are available. See "Miscellaneous 
Goodies" for info. 

1-8" SS Tandon TM848-1E & case $389 

2-8" SS Tandon TM848-1E's & case 649 

1-8" DS Tandon TM848-1E & case 439 

2-8" DS Tandon TM848-2E s & case 699 



MISCELLANEOUS GOODIES tz s»h 

Model 1 TRSDOS 2.3 disk & manual $25 

Model 3 TRSDOS 1.3 disk & manual 25 

Model 4 TRSDOS 6.2.x disk & manual 20 

LDOS (specify Model I or III) 69 

NEWDOS 80 v2.0 (specify Model I or III) 99 

Montezuma Micro Model 4 CP/M 2.2 169 

Tandon TM100-1/2 Service Manual 20 

Tandon TM848-1/2 Service Manual 20 

TEAC FD55A/B/F Service Manual 20 

10 SSDD disks in library box. Lifetime Guar. 16 
10 DSOD disks in Hkrary box, Lifetime Guar 19 

5.25" drive power supply & enclosure 59 

8" drive pwr spry & end w/fan 5V-24V 150 

5.25" 1-drive cable, a nice length 19 

5.25" 2-drive cable, a 44 incher 24 

5.25" 3-drive cable, just the right size 29 

5.25" 4-drive cable, the top dog 34 

5.25" Extender cable with gold contacts 10 



COMPLETE DRIVES *»»s»h 

Fits TRS-80 Models 1 .3.4 and the jflfl 

Color Computer plus the others ^H 

that use standard drives. The drive ^B 

of your choice is mounted in a ^" 

sturdy, all-steel cabinet. An external gold plated 
drive connector allows cabling without disassembly 
of the cabinet. Half-high drives come in a full-size 
cabinet that win hold and power our half-high 
drives. Single drives have a panel covering the 
unused space allowing a second drive to be added 
at any time. AH are shipped fully assembled ready 
to use. Specify silver or white enclosure. 

40tk Single Side full size (TM100-1) $169 

40tk Double Side full size (TM100-2) 199 

80tk DS full size (TM101-4) 299 

1-40tk SS half-high FD-55A in dual case 169 

2-40tk SS half-high FD-55A s in dual case. .319 

1-40tk DS half-high FD-55B in dual case 199 

2-40tk DS half-high FD-55B s in dual case .359 

1-80tk DS half-high FD-55F in dual case 219 

2-80tk DS half-high FD-55F's in dual case. .389 



FREE TRIAL OFFER 

Use your Aerocomp hardware product for up to 14 days. 
If you are not satisfied for ANY REASON (except misuse. 
damage or improper handfcng). return it (insured) m the 
original shaping container for a ful purchase price refund. 
less shipping Sony, this offer does not apply to 
software. Defective software wM be replaced. Any 
hardware/software specials will be prorated and the 
software wH be charged at the regular unbundled price. 
We have confidence in our products and we know you win 
be satisfied 

WARRANTY 

We offer a one year warranty on parts and labor against 
defects In materials and workmanship In the event service 
becomes necessary for any reason you will find our service 
department fast, tnendry and cooperative We want to keep 
you happy Out of warranty repairs are also available 

100% BURN-IN and TEST 

Al our products are bumed-in and fuly tested prior to 
shipment. We want you to receive an Hem ready -to-go 
AEROCOMP means reliability! 

ORDER NOW! 

Cal our tot-free number service and place your order Have 
your American Express. Mastercharge or Visa number 
ready We wM not charge your card until the day we ship 
your order You may order by mail using your credit card, 
check or money order Personal and company checks are 
welcome and cause no slapping delay as long as they are 
bank printed and the signature exactly agrees with the 
name printed on the check. We wM ship surface COO with 
no deposit but al COD's require cash or a cashier's check 
on delivery Texas residents add 6% State Sales Tax No 
tax cosseted on out of state shipments Canadian 
addresses add $20 to your order if over $550 for customs 
document a tion 



TRS-80 Model III & 4 

DISK CONTROLLER 

and 

DRIVE KITS 



Convert your cassette Model III or 4 to 
disk operation with one of our complete 
kits. You receive our own advanced disk 
controller board with gold plated edge 
contacts capable of 4-drive operation; 
our own power supply; plated steel 
mounting towers complete with RFI 
shield plus all the cables and hardware 
necessary. Detailed instructions are 
included. All you need is a screwdriver 
and a pair of pliers. System kits come 
with 40 track single-side drives or just 
order the basic kit and pick the drives 
you want from the selection in the next 
column. 

CONTROLLER KIT $199 

(EwyNng you naad - Mm on»M/OOS) 

1 DRIVE SYSTEM 319 

2 DRIVE SYSTEM 439 

Add » SAM 

MOUNTING KIT & 

POWER SUPPLY 95 

Add $8 SAM 

CONTROLLER BRD. ONLY ..110 
RS-232 BOARD & KIT 69 

Add M SAM 



OUR FAMOUS 

MODEL I STARTER 

PACKAGE 



If you have a Model I and an Expansion 
Interface this is what you need to get started 
with disks. Included is one 40 track single-side 
disk drive complete with matching silver case 
and power supply, a 2-drive cable, a TRSDOS 
2.3 disk operating system and TRSDOS 
manual plus all insurance and delivery charges 
to your door (lower 48 states). 



Yours for only 



$199 



You can add our renown "DDC double 
density controller to either the Radio Shack or 
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storage capacity on your drive. Order it at the 
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$99 



CALL TOLL-FREE 

800-527-3582 USA 
800-442-1310 texas 

For inquiries or information 

or to check on or change an order 

call 214-339-8324 

AERGCGIilP 

Redbird Airport. Bldg. 8 
P.O. Box 24829 
Dallas, TX 75224 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 91 



BBS EXPRESS / by J. Stewart Schneider and Charles E. Bowen 



Log Off at 05:85 
Connect Time: 13 Months 



Installing and maintaining your own 
bulletin board system (BBS) isn't 
difficult, but it does require close 
attention to detail. Your attention 
should focus primarily on a telephone, 
a modem, a universal asynchronous 
receiver/transmitter (UART) a com- 
puter, and the BBS software. While 
each element has a unique function, 
smooth and efficient interaction 
among the components is of para- 
mount importance. 

Consider some potential trouble 
spots on the BBS. A poor telephone 
connection is the first thing to check if 
you're having problems. The tele- 
phone has to deliver a clear signal at all 
times; any static on the line will cause 
problems. 

If the telephone is doing its job and 
you're still having problems, check 
out the modem. Simply put, there are 
good modems and bad modems; Ra- 
dio Shack's Modem II falls into the 
second category. Though some people 
have been able to use the Modem II 
successfully, we've yet to find reliable 
solutions to the hang-up and reset 
problems characteristic of this mo- 
dem. You can turn the modem off and 
then back on to initiate a reset, but this 
just isn't practical on a BBS. Try these 
commands if you own a Modem II. 

OUT234,175:FOR X= 1 TO 1000:NEXT: 
OUT 234,164 

or 

OUT234,180:FOR X = 1 TO 1000:NEXT: 
OUT 234,164 

If you're using the Hayes Smart- 
modem, set the front panel switches to 
UDUDUUU. 

Some modems in half-duplex sys- 
tems, like the Hayes, have a habit of 
echoing everything back to the com- 
puter. If the software echoes every- 
thing it receives to the modem and the 
modem echoes everything it receives to 
the software, you're stuck with an in- 
finite loop. The cursor zips to the end 
of a 255-byte line and locks up your 







» 









*o* 








system. If this happens, turn off your 
modem's echo function. 

Automatic Control 

When you turn on your Model HI, 
there's no connection between the 
communications line and the video or 
keyboard. This is the responsibility of 
Upload, the BBS's software linker. 
From TRSDOS Ready, type in UP- 
LOAD. The TRSDOS Ready banner 
should return, though it'll run slowly. 
If, however, your cursor goes crazy, 
your modem is echoing. 

Under LDOS, the procedure is a lit- 
tle different. You'll need this JCL file 
(LINKUP): 

MEMORY (HIGH = X'FDFF) 

UPLOAD 

SET *KI KI (TYPE) 

SET 'CL RS232T (DTR = ON) 

(RS232R on the Model 
LINK *KI *CL 

LBASIC RUN "HOST/BAS" 
//STOP 

To run your BBS from LDOS, type 
in DO = LINKUP. LDOS is more 
convenient than TRSDOS here be- 
cause you can apply an automatic 
boot-up command to the disk by typ- 
ing in AUTO DO = LINKUP. 



TRSDOS can't handle an automat- 
ic command because of memory con- 
flicts. Instead, get into Basic, set the 
memory size at 65000, reserve three 
files, and type in RUN "HOST/ 
BAS". Before entering Basic, how- 
ever, you need to build a file. To do 
this, type in BUILD MSG0001/BBS:1 
at the Ready prompt of either DOS. 
When the disk drive light goes out, 
type in the following: "Hi, everybody. 
Welcome to my BBS." Then press the 
enter key, followed by the break key. 

Signing On 

One of your first tasks after booting 
up the BBS is to log yourself on as the 
sysop. There's only one way to do this 
and that's from the console. Operat- 
ing from the console is called the wiz- 
ard mode. It gives you full access to 



System Requirements 
Model m 
48KRAM 
Disk Basic 



iOADM 



Assembly language 
Two disk drives 
Editor/assembler 



92 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



BBS EXPRESS 








Program Listing 1. BBS machine-language assist module. 






00050 ;Towne 


Crier machine code receive and assist module 


01060 ; 


VIDEO SCANNER 




00060 ;Copyci 


ght (c) 


1984 Schneider an 


i Bowen 


01070 , 




RECEIVES STRING VARPTR AND VIDEO WIDTH 


00070 ;A11 ri 


ghts reserved. For 88-Micro Subscribers only 


01080 , 




FROM BASIC, AND PARSES STRING TO CORRECT 


00080 ;No transfer, d 


uplication or distribution riQhts 


01090 ; 




WIDTH 






00090 ;granted. 






01100 ; 










00110 ; 


RECEIVER SECTION 3/23/84 




01110 PARSE 


CALL 


PARAM 


GET VARPTR (STRING) 


00120 ; 


RECEIVES CHARACTERS FROM 


THE RS232 LINK 


01120 


LD 


A, (REMAIN) 




00130 ; 


OR THE 


KEYBOARD, AND STORES THEM 


01130 


LD 


C,A | 


REMAIN. CHAR. TO C 


00140 ; 


SEQUENTIALLY IN IS UNTIL 


THE LENGTH OF I S 


01140 


LD 


DE,0 ; 


CLEAR COUNTER 


00150 | 


IS MET, 


OR A CARRAIGE RETURN IS ENTERED. 


01150 


LD 


(SPACE) ,DE I 


CLEAR SPACE 


00160 ; 


RECOGNIZES BACKSPACE, AND RETURNS ERROR 


INDICATOR 








CONDITION 








01160 SLOOP 


LD 


A,(HL) ; 


GET CHAR. 


00170 ; 


ON LOSS 


OF USER CARRIER. 




01170 


CP 


20H ; 


SPACE? 


00180 ; 








01180 


JR 


NZ,SL010 f 


NO 


00190 ; 








01190 


LD 


(SPACE) ,HL 




00200 VBLK 


EQU 


401DH 


.•VIDEO DCB 


01200 


LD 


E,B i 


SAVE COUNTER k 


00210 KBLK 


EQU 


4015H 


;KB DCB 


ADDRESS 








00220 UDATA 


EQU 


0EBH 


;UART DATA PORT 


01210 SL010 


C? 


0DH I 


CAR. RET? 


00230 USTAT 


EQU 


0EAH 


;UART STATUS REGISTER 


01220 


JR 


NZ,SL020 


NOPE 


00240 MSTAT 


EQU 


OEeH 


; MODEM STATUS PORT 


01230 


LD 


DE,0 




00250 PRINT 


EQU 


33H 


;ROM PRINT ROUTINE 


01240 


LD 


(SPACE) ,DE I 


CLEAR THINGS OUT 


00260 KEYBRD 


EQU 


2BH 


;ROM KEYBOARD SCAN 


01250 


LD 


A, (VIDWIT) 




00270 BASIC 


EQU 


0A9AH 


;PASS TO BASIC 


01260 


LD 


C,A 




002 80 TODOS 


EQU 


40 2DH 


;JUMP TO DOS 


01270 


JR 


ELOOP 




00290 TRSDOS 


EQU 


1 


;SET TO FOR LDOS 


01280 SL020 


DEC 


C 




00300 ; 








01290 


JR 


NZ, ELOOP ; 


HAVEN'T REACHED END 


00310 ; 








01300 


LD 


A, (VIDWIT) 




00320 


ORG 


0FE00H 




01310 


LD 


C,A s 


RESET VIDWIDTH 


00330 RECV 


CALL 


PARAM 


;GET STRING VALUES 


01320 


LD 


A,E 




00340 NN 


LD 


B,245 




01330 


OR 


A I 


SPACE IN LINE? 


00350 


LD 


C,0 


; ACCUMULATOR 


01340 


JR 


Z , ELOOP | 


NOPE 


00360 


LD 


A.11H 


;CONTROL-Q 


01350 


LD 


HL, (SPACE) 




80370 


CALL 


PRINT 


;SEND IT 


01360 


LD 


(HL) ,0DH J 


INSERT C.R. 


00380 MAIN 


IN 


A, (MSTAT) 


; CHECK MODEM STATUS 


01370 


LD 


B, E | 


RESET COUNTER 


00390 


AND 


32 


;CHECK CARRIER DETECT 


01380 


LD 


DE,0 




00400 TN 


JR 


NZ, NOTONE 


;LOST THE TONE 


01390 


LD 


(SPACE) ,DE ; 


RESET MARKER 


00410 


CALL 


KEYBRD 


; CHECK EVERYTHING 


01400 ELOOP 


INC 


HL > 


FOR NEXT CHAR. 


ELSE 








01410 


DJNZ 


SLOOP j 


LOOP TIL DONE 


00420 


OR 


A 




01420 


LD 


A,C 




00430 


JR 


Z,MAIN 


; NOTHING 


01430 


LD 


(REMAIN) ,A | 


STORE REMAINING 


00440 


CP 


8 


;BKSPCE? 


01440 


LD 


A,E 




00450 


JR 


NZ, NOTBKS 


;NO 


01450 


OR 


A I 


SPACE IN LAST LINE? 


00460 


LD 


A,C 




01460 


RET 


Z J 


NOPE 


00470 


OR 


A 


;AT FIRST CHAR? 


01470 


LD 


A,C 




00480 


JR 


Z.MAIN 


;YES - IGNORE 


01480 


C? 


5 j 


REMAINING CHAR <=5? 


00490 


INC 


D 




01490 


RET 


NC | 


NOPE 


00500 


INC 


13 


J FOR THE DECREMENT 


01500 


LD 


A, (VIDWIT) 




00510 


DEC 


C 




01510 


ADD 


A,E | 


A=VIDWIT+SPACE 


00520 


DEC 


C 


;FOR THE INCREMENT 


COUNTER 








00530 


DEC 


HL 




01520 


BOB 


(IX+0) 




00540 


LD 


(HL) ,20H 




;A«VIDWIT+SPACE-LEN(STR) 




00550 


DEC 


HL 




01530 


LD 


(REMAIN) ,A t 


RESET REMAINING 


00560 


LD 


A, 8 




CHAR. 








00570 


JR 


NP 


.•PERFORM BKSPCE 


01540 


LD 


HL, (SPACE) 




005 80 NOTBKS 


LD 


(HL) ,A 


/STORE CHARACTER 


01550 


LD 


(HL) ,0DH | 


INSERT C.R. 


00590 NP 


CALL 


PRINT 


; PRINT IT 


01560 


RET 






00600 


INC 


HL 


;FOR NEXT CHARACTER 


01570 REMAIN 


DEFB 


3 




00610 


INC 


C 




015 80 SPACE 


DEFW 


03 




00620 


C? 


0DH 


; TERMINATOR ENTERED? 


01590 VIDWIT 


DEFB 


3 




00630 


JR 


Z,EXIT 


.•TERMINATOR FOUND 


01600 










00640 NOT010 


DJNZ 


MAIN 


;LOOP TIL DONE 


01610 




PARAMETER RECOVERY SUBROUTINE 


00650 EXIT 


LD 


A,13H 


,-CONTROL-S 


01620 




RECOVERS VARPTR (STRING) AND PLACES 


00660 


CALL 


PRINT 


J SEND IT 


01630 




LENGTH 


IN B, STRING ADDRESS IN HL 


00670 


LD 


B,255 


; DELAY 


01640 




VARPTR (STRING) IN IX 




006 80 


LD 


E,10 


;MAX 1 OF CHAR. 


01650 










00690 EXI010 


IN 


A, (MSTAT) 


; CHECK MODEM STATUS 


01660 PARAM 


CALL 


0A7FH 


GET VARPTR (STRING) 


00700 


AND 


32 


{CARRIER DETECT 


01670 


PUSH 


HL 




00710 TT 


JR 


NZ, NOTONE 


.•LOST CARRIER 


01680 


POP 


IX 


TO IX 


00720 


CALL 


KEYBRD 


.-CHECK FOR INCOMING 


01690 


LD 


B, (IX*0) 


LENGTH TO B 


00730 


OR 


A 




01700 


LD 


L, ( IX»1) 




00740 


JR 


Z.EXI030 


;NONE - EXIT 


01710 


LD 


H, (IX+2) 


ADDRESS TO HL 


00750 


INC 


C 


.•COUNT CHARACTER 


01720 


RET 




DONE 


00760 


LD 


(HL) ,A 


; STORE IT 


01730 ; 








007 80 


INC 


HL 


;BUMP POINTER 


01740 > 


SEARCH 


FORWARD FOR SPECIFIED 2-BYTE STRING 


007 90 


DEC 


E 


; DECREMENT CHAR. 


01750 ; 








COUNT 








017 60 FSRCH 


CALL 


PARAM 


GET VARPTR (MNS) 


00800 


JR 


Z.EXI020 


.-MAX • RECEIVED 


01770 SEARCH 


LD 


DE,00O0 


SEARCH STRING 


00810 EXI030 


DJNZ 


EXI010 


; DECREMENT TIMER 


01780 


PUSH 


HL 




00820 EXI020 


LD 


L,C 




01790 


POP 


IX 




00830 


LD 


H,0 


;TO PASS TO BASIC 


01800 


LD 


C,255 


STR. POS. COUNTER 


00840 


JP 


BASIC 




01810 FSR01O 


LD 


L,(IX+0) 




00850 NOTONE 


LD 


HL,-1 




01820 


LD 


H,(IX+1) 


GET FIRST PAIR FOR 


00860 


JP 


BASIC 


;PASS ERROR TO BASIC 


CMPR 








00870 










01830 


INC 


c 




00880 










01840 


INC 


c 


BUMP STRNG POINTER 


00890 




CAPITALIZATION ROUTINE 




01850 


BIT 


7,H 


CHECK FOR NEGETIVE 


00900 




CAPITALIZES CHARACTERS IN THE RANGE 


01860 


JR 


NZ.REVR 


NEGETIVE - DEAD FILE 


00910 




96 < C 


< 123 




01870 


RSI 


18H 


COMPARE HL/DE 


00920 










01880 


JR 


Z.FSR100 


FOUND 


00930 


ORG 


0FE6CH 




01890 


JR 


MCFSR10O 


TARGET>SOURCE 


00940 CAPIT 


CALL 


PARAM 


;GET VARPTR ( I $•) 


01900 REVR 


INC 


IX 




00950 CAPI. 


LD 


A,(HL) 




01910 


INC 


IX 




00960 


CP 


97 




01920 


DEC 


B 




00970 


JK 


C, NOCAP 


;C<97 


01930 


DJNZ 


FSR010 


LOOP TIL FOUND 


009 80 


CP 


123 




01940 FSR100 


INC 


c 


STRPOS+1 


00990 


JR 


NC , NOCAP 


(C>122 


01950 


SRL 


c 


(STRPOS+D/2 


01000 


AND 


95 


j MAKE IT A CAPITAL 


01960 


LD 


B,0 




01010 


LD 


(HL) ,A 


j REPLACE IT 


01970 


PUSH 


BC 




01020 NOCAP 


INC 


HL 




01980 


POP 


HL 




01030 


DJNZ 


CAPL 




01990 


JP 


BASIC 


PASS TO BASIC 


01040 


RET 




.-DONE 


02000 ; 








01050 ; 














Listing continued 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 93 



BBS EXPRESS 



Listing continued 










02010 


1 


NEW VIDEO DRIVER PATCH 




02450 LD HL, VIDEO ;NEW ADDRESS 


02020 


1 








02460 LD (VBLK+1) ,HL ; PUT NEW ADDRESS IN 


02030 


VIDEO 


PUSH 


AF 


SAVE FLAGS 


DCB 


02040 




PUSH 


BC 


SAVE CHARACTER 


02470 LD (VCONT+1) ,DE ;PUT OLD ADDRESS IN 


02050 


VWAIT 


IN 


A, (USTAT) 


CHECK UART FOR CLEAR 


VIDEO 


02060 




AND 


40H 


BIT 6 IS THE ONE 


024 80 COND TRSDOS ; ASSEMBLE IF TRSDOS 


02070 




JR 


Z, VWAIT 


TRANSMITTER BUSY 


02490 




20 80 




LD 


A,C 


GET CHARACTER 


02500 


THEN, PATCH KEYBOARD DCB 


02090 




OUT 


(UDATA) ,A 


SEND IT 


02510 


TRSDOS 1.3 ONLY 


02100 


n 


AND 


255 


LF/CR SWITCH 


02520 




02110 




CP 


0DH 


CAR. RET? 


02530 LD DE,(KBLK+1) 


GET OLD ADDRESS 


02120 




JR 


NZ.VID010 




02540 LD HL, KEYBD 


NEW ADDRESS 


02130 




LD 


C0AH 


INSERT L.F. 


02550 LD (KBLK'l) ,HL 


INSTALL NEW ADDRESS 


02140 




JR 


VWAIT 


SEND L.F. 


256 LD (KCONT+1) ,DE 


OLD ONE TO OUR 


02150 


VIO010 


POP 


BC 


RECOVER CHARACTER 


ROUTINE 


02160 




POP 


AF 


RECOVER FLAGS 


02570 




02170 


VCONT 


JP 


0000 


PATCH POINT 


02580 


FINALLY, CONFIGURE UART FOR 300/7/E/l 


C2180 










02590 


TRSDOS 1.3 ONLY 


02190 




NEW KEYBOARD DRIVER PATCH 


02600 




02200 










02610 OUT (0E8H),A .-MASTER RESET 


02210 


KEYBD 


PUSH 


BC 


SAVE FLAGS 


02620 LD A,55H .-SET 300 BAUD 


02220 




PUSH 


AF 




SEND/ R EC V 


02230 




IN 


A, (USTAT) 


CHECK UART 


02630 OUT (0E9H) ,A 


02240 




AND 


80H 


CHECK BIT 7 - DATA 


02640 LD A,0A4H ; 7/E/l 


REC'D 










02650 OUT (0EAH) ,A ;SET IT 


li2250 




JR 


Z,KOUT 


NONE READY 


02660 ENDC 


02260 




IN 


A, ( UDATA) 


GET DATA 


02670 IN010 EI 


02270 




CP 


1 


CHECK FOR BREAK 


26 80 JP TODCS 


02280 




JR 


Z.K0U7 


AND IGNORE 


26 90 END INSTAL 


02290 




LD 


C,A 




F.nd 


02300 
02310 




POP 
LD 


AF 

A,C 


RECOVER FLAGS 
•CHAR. TO A 






32320 
32330 




PGP 
RET 


3C 




Program Listing 2. Remaining Basic lines needed to complete the BBS 


32340 


KOUT 


POP 


AF 




Express. 


32350 




POP 


BC 






22360 


KCONT 


J? 


3300 


•PATCH POINT 




02370 










1360 IF ;iN?(4HE8) AND32) =0 THEN 1380 


02380 




INSTALLATION OF NEW VIDE 


AND KEYBOARD 


1365 AS=INKEYS:N=PEEK(iH387F) : IFN=0THEN1360 


023 90 




LINKS 


TO RS-232 




1375 IFAS<->""THENAS=CHRS(ASC(A$) AND95) :GOTO6500 ELSE1360 


02400 










3305 IF (TTS="ALL") AND (SY) THEN TT$»TTS-K:hRS( 128) 


02410 


■ 


FIRST 


PATCH VIDEO DCB T 


NEW ROUTINE 


3610 LSET F1$«NAS:LSET T2S=TIME$: LSET F2S«AS:LSET 


02420 


I 








T1S=TTS:LSET S1S=S8S:LSET S2$=CHR$( ( ASC(S7$) AND 32) OR 


02430 


INSTAL 


DI 




;A LITTLE PRIVACY, 


(ASC(S9S) ) ) :PUT 1 ,SN: PRINT'Awai ting delivery . " :GOTO3640 


PLEASE 








3640 POKE MN,250:RETURN 


02440 




LD 


DE,(VBLK+1) 


•GET EXISTING ADDRESS 


End 



everything in the system. Only a wizard 
or a sysop can change access codes. 

Because you don't have a System/ 
BBS data file yet, the BBS has no sys- 
tem defaults or system password. This 
prevents even a wizard from entering 
the system, so you'll have to use the 
break key to get into the BBS this first 
time. When the system asks for a sys- 
tem password, hit the break key, then 
type in GOTO 1600 to bypass the log- 
on procedures. 

A Note About Passwords 

If you set your system password to 
PASSWORD, your board becomes an 
auto sign-on board, meaning that any- 
one can become a member simply by 
calling the board. If the system pass- 
word is something other than PASS- 
WORD, a new caller must know the 
password before signing on. Under 
these circumstances, the board is re- 
ferred to as a closed-access board. 

On the first run, the system pass- 
word could be anything, depending on 
what was on the disk before you 
started. You'll be prompted for your 
name, address, and other personal in- 
formation. Set your password to some- 
thing other than PASSWORD— you're 
the sysop and you must protect your 



personal BBS records. Set your access 
level to 0123456789ABCDE*. The as- 
terisk gives you sysop powers. 

Next, from the Main Command 
prompt, enter a dollar sign. This is 
your point of entry into sysopland and 
works only if you include an asterisk 
in your access code. From the Sysop's 
Access mode, choose S for system, 
and set your defaults by choosing each 
of the displayed items by number. 

Unless you're running a closed 
board, we suggest that you set line 
feeds to Y, video width to 64, and the 
system password to PASSWORD. The 
default access is the access level to 
which the BBS assigns new callers. You 
can enter digits 0-9 and letters A-E, 
though you don't have to keep them in 
order. For example, 03E is acceptable. 
For starters, set the board's maximum 
number of messages to 50 to prevent 
running out of directory slots. 

Now choose N from the sysop com- 
mand menu and name each of the 
BBS's 15 special-interest sections. 
Name the sections with care as callers 
often read special-interest letters only. 
Use the B command to write a bulletin 
board message for the new callers, 
welcoming them to your board. Now 
you're ready for business. 



The message board might cause 
some problems at first because it re- 
quires at least one message to function 
properly. Hence, you need to set the 
message index (MBS). To do this, type 
in a dollar sign ($) at the sysop com- 
mand to break the program. Now, in 
the immediate mode, enter MB$ = 
MKI$(1) + STRING$(98,CHR$(0)). 
This indexes the very first message, 
though you still need a header. To get 
one, type in the following: 

GOSUB 220:GET 1,1: LSET T1S = "ALL" 
:LSET FlS = "SYSOP":LSET F2$ = "MSG 
0001":LSET S2S - CHRS(1):LSET S1S = 
"WELCOME':LSET T2S = TIMES:PUT1, 
lrCLOSE. 

Next, you need to set up the 
System/BBS file. The command for 
this is: 

SH= l:SN = 1:SL= 1 :GOSUB190:GET 
3.1.-LSET SN$ = MK1S(SN):LSET SLS = 
MKI$(SL):LSET SHS = MKIS(SH):LSET 
SC$ = MKI$(1):LSET NM$ = MKI$(1):LSET 
DSS = MKI$(0):LSET NDS = MKI$(0):PUT3. 
lrCLOSE 

Reenter the program now by typing 
in CONT. We have one message and 
one header indexed, so write a mes- 
sage and log off with the E command. 
Never exit without first logging off 
with this E command. 



94 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



BBS EXPRESS 



Circle 290 on Reader Service card. 



An easier way to handle the initial 
business of setting up your board is to 
call us at 606-739-6088 and pick up a 
copy of INTRO/BAS from our data 
base — it does all the above for you. 

Closing Thoughts 

Program Listing 1 is the machine- 
language assist module; Program List- 
ing 2 provides a few lines we missed in 
previous listings. You should have no 
problems incorporating these listings 
with those from other BBS Express in- 
stallments. 

The COND and ENDC statements 
in Listing 1 are conditionals. If your 
assembler doesn't support this syntax, 
delete the lines marked for TRSDOS 
to make an LDOS version. 

Originally, we thought that the BBS 
Express was relatively crash proof. In 
November, however, we received re- 
ports of repeated crashes and realized 
that the vandals were waiting out the 
modem and gaining access to the title 
page options. Lines 2705 and 1335 of 
Listing 2 prevent this from happening. 

TRSDOS seems to be more of a 
problem than we originally antic- 
ipated, particularly with regard to the 
sysop Submit command. One version 
handles variable length records poor- 
ly, while the other doesn't handle 
them at all. In addition, TRSDOS 
allows only 80 files on a data disk, and 
if the total exceeds 80, TRSDOS re- 
ports that the disk is full. If you have a 
high-traffic operation in mind, drop 
us a line and we'll fix you up with a 
high-volume version of the BBS Ex- 
press. LDOS users, on the other hand, 
report no problems. In fact, if you 
switch to LDOS, you get 112 files, a 40 
percent increase in board capacity. 

We've had a lot of fun with the BBS 
Express and hope it has been a reward- 
ing experience for all of you who've 
been following us for the past year. ■ 



This installment marks the end of 
the BBS Express, 80 Micro's do-it- 
yourself bulletin board. To see the fin- 
ished product, call the 80 Micro BBS 
at 603-924-6985. UART parameters 

are 300 baud, 7-bit words, 1 stop bit, 

and even parity. 

You can reach J. Stewart Schneider 
and Charles E. Bowen either through 
their bulletin board at 606-739-6088 
or c/o Saturday Software, P.O. Box 
404, Catlettsburg, KY 41129. 



Best CP/M 



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I 

I 

I 

'80 I 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 95 



BASIC TAKES / by Richard Ramella 



Like a Circle in a Circle , 
Like a String Within a String 



The Basic INSTR statement is 
short for "instring." It provides a 
quick way to check for characters 
within a character string. For exam- 
ple, if you type in PRINT INSTR 
("hambone", "bone") and press the 
enter key, the computer displays a 4. 
This tells you that the character string 
"bone" appears in the string "ham- 
bone" starting at the fourth character. 
Uses for INSTR are as diverse as 
your imagination. I've used it to direct 
program execution, validate responses 
to program prompts, separate data 
items into specified categories, and 
selectively print out or display data. 
Model I Basic doesn't recognize IN- 
STR, but you can use it in Models III 
and 4 Basic and in GW-Basic. 

Starting with INSTR 

INSTR statements take the form 
INSTR(search string, sought string). 
Basic checks for the occurrence of the 
sought string within the search string. 

You can search for string literals, as 
in the hambone example above; for 
string variables, such as INSTR(A$, 
Z$); or for a combination of string 
variables and literals, such as INSTR 
("Peace",Bl$) or INSTR(LIST$, 
"Enid"). 

Learning by Example 

Type in PRINT INSTR("hambon", 
"bone") and hit the enter key. The an- 
swer is zero because the string "bone" 
does not occur within "hambon." 

Now type in PRINT INSTR(6, 
"hambone", "bone"). The computer 
again responds with a zero, even 
though "bone" resides within "ham- 
bone." The number six, the first item 
in the parentheses, tells Basic to start 
searching at the sixth character in 
"hambone." Basic reads the letters 
"ne" and returns a zero answer. Bask 
will also return a zero if the position 
number is greater than the length of 
the search string. 

Now that you know INSTR funda- 




Program Listing 1. Search Siring. 




100 REM * Search String * 




110 REM * Won't work on Model I * 




120 CLS: AS="The quick brown fox" 




130 PRINT "THE SEARCH STRING: "AS 




140 INPUT "Type a sought string ";BS 




150 CLS: Z-INSTR(AS,BS) 




160 PRINT "The character(s) : ";BS 




170 IF Z«0 THEN PRINT " do not occur in "AS: END 




180 REM * It program reaches this line, the Z > 0. 




190 PRINT "appear in ";: PRINT AS 




200 PRINT STRINGS(Z-1,32) .-STRINGS ( LEN ( BS) ,"-") 




210 PRINT "starting at character position'Z 




220 END 


End 







Program Listing 2. Input Menu 




100 


REM * 


INPUT MENU - Without 


INSTR * 




110 


REM * 


Works on all TRS-80S 


» 




120 


CLS: PRINT "The Menu:" 






130 


PRINT 


"1 - First" 






140 


PRINT 


"2 - Second" 






150 


PRINT 


*3 - Third" 






160 


PRINT 


PRINT "Press 1, 2 or 


3 tor c 


loice and press enter." 


170 


INPUT 


Z 






180 


CLS: Z=INT(Z): IF Z<1 OR Z>3 THEN 


120 


190 


ON Z GOTO 200,300,400 






200 


PRINT 


"Choice one" : END 






300 


PRINT 


"Choice two" :END 






400 


PRINT 


"Choice three" : END 




1ml 



mentals, try Search String in Program 
Listing 1. In this program, search 
string A$ equals "The Quick Brown 
Fox" and the sought string becomes 
whatever you enter. 

Type in "brown," then type in 
"BROWN." The results show that the 
search is exact: The upper- and lower- 
case characters in the search string 



must match those of the target string 
or Basic returns a zero. 
You can use INSTR to limit choices 



System Requirements 

Models III, 4, and 1000 
Basic or GW-Basic 



96 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



7> 



Circle 455 on Reader Service card. 



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BASIC TAKES 



to Basic prompts as well. First, a long 
version: 

100 INPUT "WANT TO CONTINUE <Y>ES 

OR <NX)";A$ 
110 IF A$<> "Y" AND AK> "y" AND 

A$<>"N" AND A$<> "n" THEN CLS: 

GOTO 100 
120 PRINT "Okay." 

This works, but considering upper- 
and lowercase forms is cumbersome. 
It's especially onerous if the prompt 
leaves many possible answers. 

Consider this alternative: 

100 CLS: PRINT "WANT TO CONTINUE: 
YES OR NO?" 

110A$ = INKEY$: Z = INSTR("YNyn",A$) 
120IFA$= ""ORZ = 0THEN 110 
130 PRINT "Okay." 

This program gives results with a 
single keystroke by searching a string 
containing the first letters of all legal 
answers. 

In Input Menu in Program Listing 2, 
I've demonstrated the standard way to 
use input to direct program execution. 

To do the same thing using INSTR, 
try INSTR Menu in Program Listing 
3. It combines INSTR with the live 
keyboard action of INKEYS. Line 170 



Program Listing 3. INSTR Menu. 

100 REM * INSTR MENU » 

110 REM * Won't work on Motif 1 I * 

120 CLS: PRINT "The Menu:" 

130 PRINT "<.F>irst" 

140 PRINT "<S>econd" 

150 PRINT "<T>hird" 

160 PR1NT:PRINT "Press F, S oi T ! or choice. 

170 A5 = INKEYS: Z=INSTR ( "FSTt at" ,,\S) 

180 IF AS="" OR Z=0 THEN 170 

190 ON Z GOTO 200,300,400,21)0,300,400 

200 PRINT"Choice one" : END 

300 PRINT "Choice two" : EN? 

400 PRINT "Choice three" : END 

410 END 



Program Listing 4. Sandwich Shop. 



100 REM * SANDWICH SHOP * 
110 CLS: CLEAR 500 

120 AS="BOLOGNA CHEESE TURKEY PAoVHAHI HAM" 
130 FOR X=l TO 5 
140 INPUT "NAME PLEASE ";N& 

150 PRINT-.PRINT "HERE'S THE SELECTION" : PRINT: PRINT AS 
160 PRINT: INPUT "WHAT DO JCO0 WANT"jC$ 
Z=INSTR(A$,CS) 

PRINT "WE AIN'T GOT IT" 

tMID$(A5,i-rl-rLEN(C5)) 

•+C$+", " 



170 
180 



IF Z=0 THEN CLS: 
190 A$=LEFT$(A$,Z-1) 
200 XS=XS+NS+" GETS 
210 CLS: NEXT X 
220 PRINT "LEMME READ 
230 PRINT XS 
240 END 



GOTO 150 



-.:.-■ 



0HUERS." 



contains an INSTR test. The string 
FSTfst combines all legal answers tu 
the menu prompt. 

Now try running Sandwich Shop in 
Program Listing 4. The AS variable 



contains the names of the five sand- 
wiches available. Five people type in 
their names and select from the 
available menu. 

In hue 170, the program uses IN- 



Circle 71 on Reader Service card. 



T80-FS1 



Simulator 



Available for Model I or Model III. $25.00 
on cassette or $33.50 on disk (with 
enhancements) All versions require 16K. 




See your dealer! 



If you order direct, please specify whether you have Model I or 
Model III (the media an different) and whether you want disk or 
cassette. Include $1.50 and Indicate UPS or first class mall. Illinois 
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If you don't yet own a disk, don't fret You can upgrade anytime. 
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version. 



mfelOGlC 

Communications Corp. 
713 Edgebrook Drive 
Champaign, I L 61820 
(217) 359-8482 
Telex: 206995 



98 • 80 Micro. May 1985 



BASIC TAKES 



Program Listing 5. Sequence Search. 




100 REM * Sequence- Search • 

120 CLS : AS« red red blue red green red green blue blje" 






130 INPUT "Color sought";BS 




140 X-l 




150 Z-INSTR(X,AS,BS) 




160 IF !>• THEN C»C*1: X»Z-»LEN(BS) 1 GOTO 150 




170 PRINT BS" occurs"C"tines in* 




180 PRINT AS: END 






End 



STR to test whether the requested 
sandwich is available. If it is, the pro- 
gram assigns the choice to the re- 
questor's name and removes the sand- 
wich from the menu (line 190) using 
the value Z from the INSTR test. This 
line reshapes A$ by removing the 
chosen sandwich word from the string 
and uniting the two orphan strings. 

If the selected sandwich is unavail- 
able, line 180 displays a message to 
that effect and prompts you to make 
another choice. 

Sequence Search in Program List- 
ing 5 uses the same INSTR(X, search, 
sought) form. You could use this 
listing as a routine in another pro- 
gram. It counts the number of times 
the same set of characters occurs in 
a string. 



Run the program and type in the 
name of the color for which you're 
searching. The computer displays the 
number of times the color appears in 
the string. 

Line 160 is the heart of the pro- 
gram. When Z (the number of the first 
occurrence) is greater than zero, the 
program has found an occurrence, 
and it limits the search to the right of 
the search string by making X equal Z 
plus the length of the characters just 
found. 

INSTR Applications 

The aim of using INSTR is to ob- 
tain a number representing the start of 
a sought string within a search string. 
You can then use that number to 
achieve further goals. This is where 



If. ..Then tests become useful. Con- 
sider these plain-English applications: 

• Examine 1984 receipts, adding indi- 
vidual sales to arrays MONTHS(l)- 
MONTHS(12) based on the cor- 
responding month names, then print a 
bar graph of the findings. 

• Go through a document file and 
feed what you find into a new file. In 
every case where you find the char- 
acter string "Screem," replace it with 
"Screen." 

• Separate all employees into groups 
reflecting years of service. 

INSTR("NEXT", "MONTH") 

I hope these examples have given 
you ideas on how to use INSTR in 
your own programs. It's the If . . . 
Then test that lends resilience and 
complexity to the moves you can make 
within a program. 

Next month I'll discuss how to limit 
user responses to prevent improper 
program entries. See you then. ■ 



Contact Richard Ramella at 1493 
Mt. View Ave., Chico, CA 95926. 



Circle 214 on Reader Service card. 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 99 



THE NEXT STEP / by Hardin Brothers 



Program Access 
In One Easy Step 



If you have a Model 4/4P running 
TRSDOS 6.2, try typing in an as- 
terisk at the TRSDOS Ready prompt. 
Your computer will respond with the 
message "No command <*> pre- 
sent, as SYS13." Now type in "MEM- 
ORY (ADD = "E",BYTE = X'80')" 
at TRSDOS Ready; you'll see the mes- 
sage "No Extended Command Inter- 
pieter Present, as SYS 13." You have 
just stumbled across two of TRSDOS 
6.2's most interesting capabilities, the 
immediate execution program (IEP) 
and the extended command inter- 
preter (EC1). 

These two features represent an un- 
defined system file that lets you create 
a progiam that permanently circum- 
vents the TRSDOS Ready prompt 
and becomes your resident system 
program. 

The undefined system file is SYS13. 
You won't find either the IEP or the 
ECI with TRSDOS 6.1; they're avail- 
able in TRSDOS 6.2 only. 

Although interesting, two new error 
messages might seem of little practical 
value. However, the IEP and the ECI 
can be of great help. Before I explain 
how to use them, I'll discuss how 
TRSDOS 6.2 works. 

TRSDOS 6.2's Operation 

When you boot up a TRSDOS 6.2 
disk, the system prompts you for the 
date. It then configures itself accord- 
ing to the information in the CON- 
FIG/SYS file, which you create with 
the SYSGEN command (more about 
this later). Then TRSDOS checks the 
system disk for an Auto command 
and, if it finds one, executes it. Fi- 



System Requirements 
Model 4 
64K RAM 
TRSDOS 6.2 



LOAD*) 




Assembly language 
Editor/assembler 



nally, TRSDOS checks EFLAGS, the 
fifth byte in its flag table. If that byte 
is set to zero, the TRSDOS Ready 
prompt appears on the screen and the 
command interpreter in SYS 1 /SYS 
takes control of the computer. 

However, if EFLAGS assumes any 
nonzero value, TRSDOS loads and 
runs SYS13/SYS. It also checks 
EFLAGS and automatically runs 
SYS 13 every time a program returns 
to DOS using the ©Abort or @Exit 
supervisory call (SVC). 

TRSDOS recognizes one shorthand 
entry while it runs the normal SYS1/ 
SYS interpreter: the asterisk key, 
which commands it to load and run 
whatever program resides in SYS 13/ 
SYS. Here is where the IEP or the ECI 
comes into play. They are actually two 
different versions of the same utility; 
since they both use SYS13/SYS, you 
can't use them together. The IEP is the 
easiest to use, so I'll begin with that. 

Using an IEP 

You can put any machine-language 
program (including Basic) in SYS 13/ 
SYS and execute it by typing in an as- 
terisk at TRSDOS Ready. Use this 



Copy command to load one of your 
programs into SYS13/SYS: 

COPY MYPROG/CMD TO SYS13/SYS. 
LSI DOS (C = N) 

To execute Basic automatically, use: 

COPY BASIC/CMD.BASIC TO SYS 13/ 
SYS.LSlDOS(C = N) 

The password for SYS 13 (and almost 
all other system files) is LSIDOS; the 
password for Basic is, simply, "Ba- 
sic." The parameter (C = N) at the end 
of the Copy command tells the system 
not to transfer the file attributes along 
with the file. If you leave out that 
command, TRSDOS won't recognize 
SYS 13 as a system file, and the IEP 
won't work. 

OK, I agree that being able to boot up 
a program by typing in one character in- 
stead of a possible 20 characters is 
handy, but hardly earthshattering. 
Things get more interesting if your 
system program changes EFLAGS. 
From then on, until you reboot your 
system (or until your program sets 
EFLAGS equal to zero again and exits 
to TRSDOS), you'll never see the 
TRSDOS Ready prompt. Whenever 
you finish running almost any soft- 



100 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 232 on Reader Service card. 




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80 Micro, May 1985 • 101 



THE NEXT STEP 



Program Listing. Demonstration of an extended command interpreter. 



e ABORT EQU 
gCKBRKC EQU 



gCLS 

PCMND I 

0DSP 

9DSPLY 

TERROR 

0FLAGS 

gKEY 

0MUL8 

eVDCTL 



FTX 

CR 

LFTARW 

RTARW 

DWNARW 

UPARW 

CURSON 

CURSOF 

INVON 



aai 1 1) 

00120 

00130 

00140 

00150 

00160 

00170 

001B0 

00190 

00200 

00210 

00220 

00230 

00240 

00250 

00260 

00270 

002B0 

00290 

00300 

00310 

00320 

00330 

00340 

00350 

00360 

00370 

00 3 00 

00 3 90 

00400 

00410 

00420 

00430 | 

00440 

00450 START 

00460 

00470 

00480 

004 90 ; 

00500 LEAVE 

00510 

00520 

00530 

00540 

00550 

00560 

06570 

OO5B0 ; 

00590 

00600 

00610 

00620 

00630 

00640 

00650 

00660 

00670 

00680 

00690 



00710 
00720 
00730 
00740 
00750 
00760 
00770 
007 60 
007 90 
00800 
00810 
00820 
00830 
00840 
00850 
00 86 
0087 



TITLE 'Model 
"Friendly Model 4 
Hardin Brothers, 



12/38/84 



EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 



106 
105 



ASCII Equate 



ECU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 
EQU 



STARTA LD 



SETUPA SVC 



311 
01)11 
0BH 

9H 

1 AM 
0BH 
I ED 
0FH 
10H 

3000H 
EFLAGS 
(STKSAV) ,SP 

■'CKBRKC 
Z , STARTA 



(IY*'E'-'A' ) ,A 

C, CURSON 

9DSP 

NZ , ERROR 

?CLS 

NZ , ERROR 

P ABORT 

A, (IY+'E'-'A'l 
A 

NZ, SETUP 

UYt'E'-'A' ) ,A 

0,A 

NZ, SETUPA 

A.0FFH 

(IY+'E'-'A 1 ) ,A 

h:.,waitmsg 

gDSPLY 
NZ, ERROR 
0KEY 

NZ .ERROR 
gCLS 

NZ, ERROR 
I1L, HELLO 
BDSPLY 
NZ, ERROR 

DISPLAY 

SELECT 

COMMAND 



,-Start in tree memory 
;Point IY--> Flaq Table 
;Save the stack pointer 
;Check and clear BREAK bit 
;Go if no break 

;A - 

;Set EFLAGS to 

;Set cursor on 

;Send to *DO 

; Error trap 

jAnd clear the screen 

,- Error trap 

,- And leave 

;Get current EFLAGS 
.■Test it 

;Go i£ set non-zero 
.•Else make non-zero 
;And store it 

;Have we been here once? 

;Go if not 

.-Set flag to 0FFH 

.-Store in EFLAGS 

;HL--> 'Press a key. .. ' 

.•Display it 

; Error trap 

,-Wait for a key 

; Error trap 

.•Clear the screen 

; Error trap 

;HL«=> Opening message 

;Put it on the screen 

l Error trap 



rsbo 

;Mak 
;And do 



optic 



DISPLAY 


























Read 


thro 


an 


the 


list 


of optio 


ns r 


a 


d 


d 


splay 


each o 


n the 


serf, 


n in 


4-acr( 


ss for 


nat. 

















00900 
00910 
00920 
00930 
00940 
00950 
00960 
00970 
O09B0 
00990 
01000 
01010 
01020 
01030 
01040 
01050 
01060 
01070 



INC 
INC 



C, CURSOF 

PDSP 

NZ, ERROR 

IX.OPTTBL 

A, (IX) 



SF.T_RC 
B.3 

PVDCTL 
NZ, ERROR 
L, (IX+1) 
H, (IX+2) 
«DSPLY 
N7. .ERROR 



01090 

01100 

01110 

01120 

01130 

01140 

01150 

01160 

01170 SELECT LD 

01180 SV' 

01190 JP 

01200 LD 

01210 LD 

01220 

01230 

01240 

01250 

01260 

0,1270. 

012B0 
01290 



CALL 

sve 



SVC 

JP 



C, INVON 

0DSP 

N 2, ERROR 

A,l 

(CURRENT) ,A 

(NEW) ,A 

SETNEXT 

(CKBRKC 

NZ, LEAVE 

(KEY 

VI, ERROR 

CR+1 

NCSEL10 



IX=-> Options 1 addresse 
Get Option • 



Set Row/Col in 
Select "Set Cur 
Set the cursor 

Error trap 
Get LSB of opti 

And MSB 
Display it 

Error trap 
Bump IX 

three times t 

next position 
Repeat until dc 



ck around screen with arrow keys 
with <ENTER>, or go to TRSDOS 



;Set inverse bit 

Send to *DO 
Error trap 

Start with first opti 

Set as current 
and as next 
) Erase old i set new i 
(Check for break key 
;Co if .'break:, hit 
iGet a keystroke 

Etrot trap 
Larger than <ENTER>? 
Loop back if yes 



01300 

01310 

01320 

01330 

111341) 

01350 

01360 

01370 

01380 

01390 

01400 

01410 

01420 

01430 

01440 

01456 

01460 

01470 

01480 

01490 

01500 

01510 

01520 

01530 

01540 

01550 

01560 

01570 

01580 

01590 

01600 

01610 

01620 

01630 

01640 

01650 

01660 

01670 

01680 

01690 

01700 

01710 

01720 

01730 

01740 

01750 

01760 

01770 

01780 

01790 

01800 

01810 

(1821 

01B30 

01840 

01850 

01860 

01870 

018B0 

01890 

01900 

01910 

01920 

01930 

01940 

01950 

01960 

01970 

01980 

01990 

02000 

02010 

02020 

02030 

02040 

02050 

02060 

02070 

020B0 

02090 

02100 

02110 

02120 

02130 

02140 

02150 

02160 

02170 

02180 

02190 

02200 

02210 

02220 

02230 

02240 

02250 

02260 

02270 

02280 

02290 

02300 

02310 

02320 

02330 

02340 

02350 

02360 

02370 

02380 

23 90 

02400 

02410 

02420 

02430 

(2440 

02450 

02460 



NZ.LEFT 

A, (CURRENT) 



LFTARW 
NZ, RIGHT 
A, (CURRENT) 



RTARW 

NZ.DOWN 

A, (CURRENT) 

MAXOP 

NCSEL10 

A 

(NEW) ,A 

SEL10 

DWNARW 

NZ.UP 

A, (CURRENT) 

A. 4 

MAXOP *1 

NC.SEL10 

(NEW) ,A 

SEL10 

UPARW 

NZ.SEL10 
A, (CURRENT) 



option choi 
> action for 



ent opti 
at least 



;Left ar 

;Go if n 

;Get cur 

•Must be 

jGo if can't back 

,• Else decrement A 

;Set new value 

;And loop back 



;Right arrow? 




;Go if not 




;Get current option 


• 


.•Compare with maxim 


n v 


;Go if already at top 


.•Else increment A 




.-Save as new value 




;And loop back 




;Down arrow? 




:Go if not 




.-Get current option 


• 


;Add 4 for next row 




iOver the top? 




;Go if too hiqh 




lElse set new value 




jAnd loop back 




;Up arrow? 




jGo if not 




;Get current option 


I 


;Move up row ♦ 1 




;Go if too low 




.•Correct to Current 


- 4 


;Set new value 




;And loop back 





0CMNDI does not retu 
passed back to thi 



but EFLAGS is set, 



completed. 



HL,CMDTBL-2 
A, A 

A,L 

L,A 

NC.C1 

H 

E, (HL) 

HL 

D,(HL) 

DE,HL 

C, CURSON 

0DSP 

NZ, ERROR 

ICLS 

NZ, ERROR 

A.80H 

(IYt'E'-'A') ,A 

eXMNDl 

j Note -- there 



;HL--> List of addr 

(Multiply A * 2 

;Add to pointer 

;And save it 

;Go if no carry 

;Else bump H 

;Get LSB of action 

■Bump HL 

; And MSB of actic 
;HL-«> Action line 
iTurn on cursor 
;Send to *DO 
i Error trap 
.-Clear the screen 
) Error trap 
;Show we've been he 
jSet the EFLAG 
;And go do it 
is no return from S 



; ERROR 

; The ERROR routi 

then starts thi 

; Erroi code is i 



displays the 



again. 
H entry. 



ERROR 



OR 1100000OB 

LD C,A 

SVC (ERROR 

LD HL.WAITMSC 

SVC (DSPLY 

JR NZ, ERROR 

SVC 8KEY 

JR NZ, ERROR 

LD SP, (STKSAV) 

JP START 



Display 


the erro 


HL--> 


O 


r messag 


Displ 


9Y 


it 


Err 


or 




Get a 


Y 


keystrok 


Err 


ir 


trap 


Clear 


the stack 


Start 


P 


ogcam ov 



:SET RC 

Opti 



Row that option is displ 
Column for option display 



yed 



PUSH 


BC 


PUSH 


DE 


DEC 


A 


PUSH 


AF 


LD 


HL, (TOP RC 


SRL 


A 


SRL 


A 


ADD 


A,H 


LD 


H,A 


POP 


AF 


PUSH 


u 


AND 


03H 


LD 


C,A 


LD 


E.20D 


SVC 


0MUL8 


LD 


L,A 


POP 


AF 


INC 


A 


POP 


DE 


POP 


BC 


RET 





Save BC pa 


t 


And DE 




Work with 


L-l 


Save A req 


ster 


Get top ro 


I and co 


A/ 2 




A/ 4 




Add to row 


counter 


And save 




Recover A 


eqister 


and save 


aqain 


A MOD 4 




Store in C 




Multiplier 




Multiply: 


A - C • 


Set as col 


an 


Recover or 


qinal A 


Reset to o 




And DE 




And BC 





Listing continued 



102 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



THE NEXT STEP 



Listing 

(2470 
02468 


continued 






03220 
03230 


DEFB 
DEFW 


6 
OPT6 




[SETNEXT 








02490 


H>- 


ove the 


inverse print f 


on the old (current) option, and 


03240 


DEFB 


7 




02500 


; add 


it to 


the ne« option. 


Then set CURRENT - NEW. 


03250 


DEFW 


OPT7 




02510 
02528 










03260 

03270 


DEFB 
DEFW 


8 
OPTS 












02530 


SETNEXT 


LB 


OE.LINEBUF 


:DE--> 80 char, line buffet 


03260 


DEFB 


9 




02540 




LD 


A, (CURRENT) 


:Get current option • 


03290 


DEFW 


OPT9 




02550 




CALL 


SET_RC 


;Get row number 


03300 


DEFB 


10 




02560 




PUSH 


HL 


;Save L register 


03310 


DEFW 


OPT10 




02570 




LD 


K.IM1H 


(Set "Move line to memory" 


03320 


DEFB 


■ [Mark end of table 




02560 




: -A. 


^VDCTL 


(Do it 


03330 ( 








0259O 




JP 


NZ, ERROR 


; Error trap 


03340 CMDTBL 


DEFW 


CMD1.CMD2 [Table of action commands f 


[>r 


02600 




POP 


HL 


IMOOW HL pointer 


03358 


DEFW 


CMD3.CMD4 (each option. 




026J0 




PUSH 


HL 


; and save again 


03360 


DEFW 


CMD5,CMD6,CMD7,CMD8,CMD9,CMD10 




02620 
02630 




LD 


H,0 
DE.LTNF.BUF 


[HI. - start column of option display 
;DE =-> line buffer 


03370 
03380 




















D2640 
0265C 




ADD 

LD 


HL,DE 
B,17 


iHI. =-> Start of option label 
; Number of characters to change 


03390 
03400 


Mes 


sages, 


option displays, and opt l or; actions 














02660 


SKTlfl 


LD 


A. (HL) 


jCet a character 


03410 










02670 




AND 


7FH 


.•Clear high bit 


03420 HELLO 


DEFB 


192*2 8 (Tab 2 8 spaces 




02680 




LD 


(HL) ,A 


iPut it back 


03430 


DEFM 


'The Friendly Model 4' 




02690 




INC 


HL 


: Point to the next 


83440 


DEFB 


dwnakw [Line feed 




0270U 




DJNZ 


SET10 


[Repeat for 17 characters 


03450 


DEFB 


192*8 




02710 




POP 


HL 


j II •-> Screen row again 


03460 


DEFM 


'Use arrows to move, <ENTER> to select,' 




02720 




LD 


BC,090O!! 


.■Select 'Move memory to line' 


03470 


DEFM 


' BREAK > to go to TRSDOS' 




02730 




SVC 


0VDCTL 


(Put line back on screen 


03468 


DEFB 


CR 




02740 




JP 


n:, error 


j Error trap 


03490 | 








02750 










03500 WAITMSC 


DEFM 


'Press any key to continue' 




02760 




;.: 


DE.LINEBUF 


;Now start again 


03518 


DEFB 


CR 




02770 




:.: 


A, (NEW) 


.-Get new option * 


03520 I 








027 80 




LD 


(CURRENT) ,A 


.•Save as current • 


03530 ::--:: 


DEFM 


■Catalog — Drive t' (List of display me 


s sages 


027 90 




CALL 


SET_RC 


;Get row number 


03540 


DEFB 


ETX 




02600 




PUSH 


HL 


jSave L register 


03550 OPT2 


DEFM 


•Catalog — Drive 2" 




02810 




LD 


sc,ni:v 


:Set "Move line to memory" 


03560 


DEFB 


ETX 




02620 






0VDCTL 


iDo it 


03570 OPT3 


DEFM 


■Format Drive 1' 




02830 




Jl 


Bt . ERROR 


Error trap 


03580 


DEFB 


ETX 




02640 




POP 


HL 


; Recover HL 


03590 OPT4 


DEFM 


•Format Drive 2' 




02850 




; •■.■ 


HL 


:And save again 


03600 


DEFB 


ETX 




o:-*0 




LD 


H,0 


;HL = start colunn of option display 


03610 OPT5 


DEFM 


•Backup Dr 1 -> 2" 




02870 




LD 


DE.LINEBUF 


:DE -=> Line buffer again 


03620 


DEFB 


ETX 




0i:s0 




a:>l 


HL.DE 


(HL ■>=> Start of option label 


03630 0PT6 


DEFM 


•Backup Dr 2 -> 1" 




02890 




:.: 


B,17 


;Number of characters to change 


03640 


DEFB 


ETX 




02900 


~i :..' 


:.: 


A,(HL) 


;Get a character 


03650 OPT7 


DEFM 


'Print File 1" 




02910 




■? 


80H 


.•Set high bit 


03660 


DEFB 


ETX 




92920 




LD 


(HL),A 


(Put It back 


03670 OPT6 


DEFM 


•Print File 2' 




• 2930 




INC 


HL 


(Point to the next 


03660 


DEFB 


ETX 




02940 




DJNZ 


SET20 


(Repeat for 17 characters 


03690 CPT9 


DEFM 


■Run Program 1' 




02950 




POP 


HL 


(H ••> Screen row again 


03700 


DEFB 


ETX 




02961 




LD 


BC.0900H 


(Select "Move memory to line' 


03718 OPT10 


DEFM 


•Run Program 2' 




02970 




SVC 


eVDCTL 


(Do it 


03720 


DEFB 


ETX 




02980 




JP 


NZ , ERROR 


( Error trap 


03730 ; 








02990 




HET 






03740 CMD1 


DEFM 


'CAT :1' (List of actions 




03000 










03750 


DEFB 


CR 




03010 
03020 
03030 
03040 










03760 CMD2 
03770 
03780 CHD3 
03790 


DEFM 
DEFB 
DEFM 

DEFB 


1 CAT : 2 ' 
CR 

'FORMAT :1 (CVI.-4U , DDES , ADS ,0=N) ' 
CR 




Li 


St of 


torage locations 


and constants 












03050 


STKSAV 


DEFW 


S-S 


(Room to save stack pointer 


03 808 CXD4 


DEFM 


•FORMAT [1 (CYL-40,DDEN,ABS.Q=N) ' 




03060 


CURRENT 


DEFB 


s-s 


(Current option 


03810 


DEFB 


CR 




03070 


NEW 


DEFB 


$-s 


(Next option 


03828 CMD5 


DEFM 


•BACKUP /DAT:1 TO :2" 




03080 


top. »<: 


ocra 


0400H 


(Start row i column for Option list 


03830 


::;:■■;■ 


CR 




03090 


MAXOP 


EQU 


10D 


(10 Options available 


03840 CMD6 


DEFM 


•BACKUP /DAT: 2 TO : 1 ' 




03100 


LINED' r 


DEES 


= 


(Butter for screen line 


03850 


DEFB 


CR 




03110 










03 860 CHD7 


DEFM 


■LIST FILE1/DAT:1 (P) ' 




03120 


OPTTBL 


DEEB 


1 


(Table of display messages 


03 870 


DEFB 


CR 




03130 




DEFW 


OPT1 


(for each option 


03880 CMD8 


DEFM 


•LIST FILE2/DAT:1 (P) ' 




03140 




DEFB 


2 




03890 


DEFB 


CR 




03150 




DEFW 


OPT2 




03 900 CMD9 


DEFM 


' PROGRAM1 : 1 ' 




03160 




DEFB 


3 




03910 


DEFB 


CR 




03170 




DEFW 


OPT3 




03920 CMD10 


DEFM 


'BASIC PROGRAH2/BAS ( F*5,N=63450) ' 




03180 




DEFB 


4 




03930 


DEFB 


CR 




03190 




DEFW 


OPT4 




03 940 : 








03200 




DEFB 


5 




03950 


••.: 


START 




03210 




DEFW 


OPT5 










/ ml 



ware, TRSDOS loads the program 
stored in SYS 13 and it takes over. Un- 
like a program Auto calls, which runs 
once and then quits, your SYS1 pro- 
gram becomes the system program 
and you can't return to TRSDOS 
Ready unless your program lets you. 

Enter the ECI 

This technique is especially useful in 
creating a new user interface for 
TRSDOS. By using an ECI, a user 
never need worry about parameters or 
dummy devices. You can give the 
Model 4 whatever kind of user inter- 
face you want. 

The Program Listing, which makes 
a Model 4 look a little like a Model 
100, demonstrates one possibility. The 
user only needs to move the cursor to 
select one of a limited set of com- 



mands. He won't have to worry about 
a command string like "BASIC MY- 
PROG (F = 5,M = 62000)" when the 
computer can do it instead. Once you 
install this program, a user will never 
see the TRSDOS Ready prompt. 

I used the ALDS assembler for my 
program; if you use EDAS or Pro- 
Create, you'll have to change line 440 
from PSECT 3000H to ORG 3000H 
and define an SVC macro at the be- 
ginning of the program like this: 

SVC MACRO #SVC 
LD A, #SVC 
RST 28H 
ENDM 

The program should be easy to un- 
derstand, but I'll explain a couple of 
the routines. First, the program uses 
EFLAGS for two different purposes. 
The beginning of the program checks 



EFLAGS. If you invoke the program 
with the asterisk key, EFLAGS will be 
set at zero (assuming you've copied 
the program into SYS 13). The SYS1 
program sets EFLAGS to OFF hex- 
adecimal (hex) to change itself from 
an IEP to an ECI, clears the screen, 
and gets to work. 

If SYS1 finds EFLAGS set to OFF 
hex instead of zero, it leaves the flag 
alone and immediately displays the 
options screen. However, if it finds 
EFLAGS set to 80 hex, it displays a 
"Press any key" message and waits 
before displaying the options screen. 
This last feature is necessary because 
an immediate clear would erase im- 
portant information left on the screen 
by commands like DIR before a u»er 
has a chance to read it. To signal the 
pause, the program sets EFLAGS to 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 104 



Circle 230 on Reader Service card. 



USE YOUR HOME COMPUTER TO TRACE 
YOUR FAMILY ROOTS WITH 



MKROHflOOTS 

7411 Riggs Road, Suite A 104 
Adelphi, MO 20783 • 301-460-0754 

• The bi-monthly newsletter for the personal/home 
micro computer user. • Details cost, source and 
availability of 57 genealogical pro- 
grams & features for 21 different 
personal/home computers. 

• Articles written by other users 
and professionals. • Clearing 
house for genealogical Remote 
Bulletin Board Systems (HBBS). 

• Questions answered, problems 
solved, information and experi- 
ences shared. • Ideal newsier 
ter'journal for the user at any 
level including beginners. 

Cut out, place in in envelope and mill to 



THE NEXT STEP 



mkwo3Hk>ots 




7411 Riggs Road, Suite A 104 Adelphi, Maryland 20783 
Yes. enclosed is my check or money order for $24 96. 
Please send me a subscription for Microroots. 



Address 
City . 



| Cil> 



_ _ Zip _ 



J 



Circle 207 on Reader Service card. 



wabash 

When it comes to 

Flexible Disks, nobody 

does it better than 

Wabash. 

MasterCard. Visa Accepted. 
Call Free: (800)235-4137 




PACIFIC 
EXCHANGES 

100 Foothill Blvd 
San Luis Obtspo. CA 
93401 (InCal call 
(805) 543-1037) 



Circle 249 on Reader Service card. 

HUNT & PECK 




Is fine for chickens. 



You, however, can use FasType.'" 
FasType" is a versatile machine 
language program that teaches touch 
typing and keyboard functions. Writ- 
ten by teachers. Classroom proven. 
Specify TRS-80 Model III or 4. 

Send check for S39.95/disk plus 
$1.50 shipping to: 

Press A Software 

Box 364 

Jerome. AZ 86331 

602-634-2688 

104 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



80 hex before executing any user com- 
mand. 

Three main routines follow the pro- 
gram's setup section. The first dis- 
plays the available options on the 
screen, the second lets a user move an 
inverse block around to pick an op- 
tion, and the third executes the com- 
mands related to whatever option the 
user chose. My program executes all 
commands through the @CMNDI 
SVC, which sends a string to TRS- 
DOS and lets the DOS parse and 
execute it. With a little more program- 
ming, you could make the interface 
display messages, prompt for more in- 
formation, or send multiple com- 
mands like JCL does. 

The inverse print block that the pro- 
gram uses as a cursor works because 
of the Model 4's video hardware. 
With inverse print on, TRSDOS dis- 
plays any character sent to video 
memory with the high bit set in inverse 
video. If inverse print is off, the same 
values are displayed as graphics blocks 
and special characters. (With inverse 
print on, the DOS *DO driver auto- 
matically sets the high bit of every nor- 
mal character it receives.) 

The program turns on inverse print 
when it's ready to display the inverted 
block. Then it uses the @VDCTL 
SVC to read and write lines of text 
from video memory. Two short loops 
either set or reset high bits of appro- 
priate characters to make them appear 
inverted or normal. You can easily 
modify the two prompts that the 
screen displays and the action that 
each causes. The MAXOP value in 
line 300 defines the number of options 
in the program. It can be any value be- 
tween 1 and 80. The OPTTBL (line 
303) contains a number and the ad- 
dress of each visual option prompt. 

The list of option prompts begins 
on line 344, and the corresponding list 
of TRSDOS commands on line 365. 
You must end each prompt with an 
ETX (end-of-text) character 
(CHR$(03)), and end each action 
command with a carriage return char- 
acter. Also, each prompt has a maxi- 
mum length of 17 characters. Feel free 
to alter the prompts and the actions as 
you write the program; the ones I 
chose are only for demonstration. 

When you assemble the program, 
don't give it the name SYS13/SYS! 
Instead, name and test it just as you 
would any other Assembly-language 



program until you finish debugging it. 
Then copy the program into SYS 13 
with the Copy command shown pre- 
viously. Test it some more by invoking 
it with the asterisk command. When 
you're sure everything works, set 
EFLAGS permanently to OFF hex so 
the program automatically runs on 
each reboot. 

Changing EFLAG$ 

Permanently changing EFLAGS is 
a small problem. You can't use the 
TRSDOS Memory command and 
then SYSGEN, because the computer 
will invoke your program as soon as 
Memory finishes execution. The easi- 
est solution is to change your config- 
uration file. 

Every time you invoke a SYSGEN 
command, TRSDOS creates a file 
named CONFIG/SYS that contains 
all current information on your sys- 
tem, including the value of all flags, 
any programs held in protected high 
or low memory, information about 
your disk drives, and the current de- 
vice filtering and routing. You can 
patch that file like any other. 

First, give TRSDOS the command 
MEMORY (ADD = "E"). The com- 
puter will display a line of information 
that includes the address of EFLAGS. 
On my system, EFLAGS is stored at 
006E hex; it's probably at the same lo- 
cation on all current versions of 
TRSDOS 6.2. Then type in the follow- 
ing command, inserting the appropri- 
ate address where shown: 

PATCH CONFIG/SYS.CCC (X'OOeE' = FF) 

If you don't get an error message, 
your new program is now a full- 
fledged ECI. Press the reset button, 
and your program has full control of 
the computer. Anyone who boots that 
disk will never see TRSDOS Ready 
and will have whatever kind of sim- 
plified user interface you've de- 
signed.! 



Contact Hardin Brothers through 
CompuServe. GO PCS- 117 to the 
Writers' and Editors' SIG (WESIG), 
and leave your message on section 
zero of the message board. You can 
also write to him at 280 N. Campus 
Ave, Upland, CA 91786. Enclose a 
self-addressed, stamped envelope if 
you want a reply. 



Circle 355 on Reader Service card. 



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DISPLAYS CORRECT SPEUJNGS: 

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SOFTWARE 



(415) 524-8098 
Post Office Box 61 1 1 Albany. California 94706 



SPREADSHEET BEAT 



May Your Well 
Never Run Dry 



Welcome to Spreadsheet Beat, a 
forum for your template formulas and 
tips. It's a place where you can ex- 
change information and pick up ideas 
for using your spreadsheet. 

We count on you to write the col- 
umn, so send us your ideas. We'll ac- 
cept templates for any of the major 
commercial spreadsheets that run on 
Tandy computers. 

Submit your template to Spread- 
sheet Beat, 80 Micro, 80 Pine St., 
Peterborough, NH 03458. We'll pay 
$50 for each one we publish. We'll 
also publish any valuable hints and 
patches you 'd like to share. 

by Russ Couey 

Individual Retirement Accounts 
(IRAs) are a popular means of in- 
vestment, but they exist in many 
forms. Among those available are 
speculative funds, fixed-rate money 
market funds, and bonds. These types 
of investments not only give you the 
opportunity to realize significant gains 
but also the potential to suffer sub- 
stantial losses. 

Before you decide on an invest- 
ment, you may wonder how you 
would fare if you took a different 
route. By using my template formulas 
(see Fig. 1), you can analyze a poten- 
tial investment and compare it to other 
types. In my example (Fig. 2), I invest 
in an ersatz speculative fund (ABC 
Growth Fund) and compare it to a 
more conservative money market 
fund with a fixed interest rate. You 
can also use the template to compare 
an investment you've already made 
with an alternative. 

I designed my template for Visi- 
Calc, but you can use it with any 
spreadsheet. Just change the cell labels 
and formatting commands to meet 
your spreadsheet's needs. The /F$ 
part of my formulas formats results in 
dotois. Use whatever code is appro- 
priate for your spreadsheet. When 




Cell 


Cell 


Formula 




H14 


/FS 


(F14 ♦ G14) 




F20 


/FS 


(F18 * F19) 




H20 


/FS 


(F20 + G20) 




F22 


/F$ 


(F18 - F15) * 


F19 


F23 


/FS 


(F15 * F19) - 


F14 


F25 


/FS 


(F22 + F23) 




H25 


/FS 


(F25 + G25) 




F26 


/FS 


(F25 / F14) * 


100 


H26 


/FS 


(H25 / H14) * 


100 


F30 


/FS 


(F19 - F29) / 


F29 * 100 


H35 


/FS 


(H34 - H33) / 


H33 * 100 


F40 


/FS 


(((F38 / 100) 


/ 12 + 1) " (F39) * F14) 


H40 


/FS 


(F40 + G40) 




F41 


/FS 


(F40 - F20) 




H41 


/FS 


(H40 - H20) 




F42 


/FS 


(F41 / F20) * 


100 


H42 


/FS 


(H41 / H20) • 


100 


F44 


/FS 


(F40 / F18) 




Figure I. Formulas for 


the VisiCalc template. The /FS characters format the cells for 


dollars. You have to use the command appropriate for your spreadsheet. 



typing in the formulas, ignore the 
spaces; I only included them here for 
readability. 

Column G (XYZ Growth Fund) lets 
you track an additional investment. I 
have not included formulas for that 
column, as they are identical to the 
formulas for column F. To use col- 
umn G, copy the F cell formulas to the 
corresponding G line numbers with 
VisiCalc's Replicate-relative command. 
If you use a different spreadsheet, use 
the applicable Copy command. 

My formulas analyze a speculative 



investment that pays dividends in 
stock, not cash. The amount and 
value of the stock you own increases 
or decreases according to market 
trends. Your only cash outlay comes 
when you first buy the stock. 

Template Format 

Figure 2 shows my template's lay- 
out. The top section is for header in- 
formation. The two investment col- 
umns (the ABC and XYZ Growth 
Fund columns) show example mutual 
fund-type growth stock investments. 



106 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



SPREADSHEET BEAT 



1 


A 


B C D E 


F 


G 


H I 


2 
3 




Pilespec ■ IRA: 3 








4 




Program = Individual Retirement Account 




5 
6 

7 




Data Date - 88-01-84 












ABC 


XYZ 




8 






Growth 


Growth 


Grand 


9 






Fund 


Fund 


Totals 


10 
11 














Inception to Date 








12 




Purchase Late 


01-27-82 


05-01-83 




13 




Account Number 


341-06 


621-05 




14 




Investment $ 


1000.00 


1000.00 


2000.00 


15 




Shares Bought 


126.5 82 


51.072 




16 




Share Price $ 


7.90 


19.58 




17 












IB 




Current Shares 


132.838 


56.243 




19 




Current Price $ 


10.00 


18.59 




28 




Current Value S 


1328.38 


1045.56 


2373.94 


21 












22 




Share Change $ 


62.56 


96.13 




23 




Price Change S 


265.82 


-5«.57 




24 

25 














Total Change $ 


328.38 


45.56 


373.94 


26 




Percent Change 


32.84 


4.56 


18.70 


27 












28 




Annual Pund Comparison 








29 




January 1984 Value $ 


9.37 


20.34 




30 
31 




Percent Change 


6.72 


-8.60 




32 




Standard & Poor's 500 Comparison 








33 




January 1984 Value $ 






164.04 


34 




Current Value $ 






162.35 


35 




Percent Change 






-1.03 


36 












37 




Honey Market Comparison 








38 




Interest Rate 


10.25 


10.25 




39 




Elapsed Months 


30 


15 




41 




Current Value S 


1290.67 


1136.08 


2426.75 


41 




Difference S 


-37.71 


90.52 


52.81 


42 




Percent Gain/Loss 


-2.84 


8.66 


2.22 


43 












44 




Break-Even Price 


9.72 


20.20 




45 












46 












47 














Figure 2. Sample layout of the template. You should customize it to suit your needs. 



The section titled Inception to Date 
lists basic information about your an- 
nual IRA. Lines 12-16 define the ini- 
tial purchase. Lines 18-20 reflect the 
status as of the current date (line 5). In 
line 18, you enter the number of shares 
you own according to your periodic 
mutual funds status report. In line 19, 
enter the current price as indicated in 
the mutual funds section of your 
newspaper. 

Lines 22 and 23 indicate the amount 



of change attributable to dividends 
(share increases) as opposed to market 
price changes. Lines 25 and 26 calculate 
the change in your investment's value 
from its value on the purchase date. 

The third section of the template, 
Annual Fund Comparison, requires 
you to enter a price at the beginning of 
the current year (line 29). Line 30 then 
calculates a year-to-date percent 
change. 

In the fourth section, Standard & 



Poor's 500 Comparison, you must in- 
sert data at the beginning of the cur- 
rent year (line 33) as well as at each 
periodic update for current value (line 
34). Line 35 calculates the percent 
change from the beginning of the year 
to the data date. 

The fifth section, Money Market 
Comparison (lines 38-42), outlines a 
safe, conservative investment. Use this 
as a guideline in determining your rela- 
tive financial gain or loss had you taken 
this investment route. Here, the "safe" 
investment is a money market fund 
with a long-term fixed interest rate. 

For this example, I assumed an an- 
nual interest rate of 10.25 percent, the 
elapsed months are from the date of 
the IRA investments (line 12) to the 
data date (line 5), and interest is com- 
pounded monthly. Line 41 compares 
the money market's current value (line 
40) with that of the growth investment 
(line 20). Here, the more conservative 
investment would have been better by 
$52.81 (H41) or 2.22 percent (H42). 

The sixth section, Break -Even 
Price, indicates what the share value 
of the growth fund would have to be 
to match the money market fund per- 
formance. Line 44 calculates this by 
using the data in line 18 (current 
shares) and line 40 (Money Market 
Comparison current value). 

You can customize the template to 
include subsequent investments by us- 
ing column inserts and modifying the 
totals column for the new sum. The 
Annual Fund Comparison and Stan- 
dard and Poor's 500 Comparison are 
optional sections you can delete with- 
out affecting the template. ■ 



Write to Russ Couey at P.O. Box 
6370, Fullerton, CA 92634. 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 107 



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Mod* i/3,'4.-4P Pn-!e- Ca» 

RS 232C Catue 

Mode' IOC P—I0- Cat* 

Mode- «. '.2. 16 2000 Pnnte- Cal 

10 RS-232C CaSe 

25 RS 232C earn* 

50 RS-232C Cable 

ino RS232C Cat* 

RS232C Cable Extender 

OS riiC t* Modem Adapter 

OW 3-2 Parater P— Sr- --«— r 

5W 303 RS 232C »«*ctn. Vrr-^ 

PC 3 Pr^t. 



3520 350cpa ParaNei ISM CompaK** 

65?08P1 >20cps Fnction ^taoor ParaBe< IBM Comp I 

8510SP Mot Ool idOcps Re* Fast 

8510SCP Color Ugh Speed printer 

I550P Pro-^te/ 2 i20cps tor woe Paper P*a*r- 

1550SP Hot O01 I80o» Real Fast & tVrr> 

FlO-iO S'^r*nter 40cps O+iy**** 

FTO-55 FVrflmasier SScps Da c rttee. FAST 

no BtDractooai T>acior wm PiasT< Cove* 

f 10 Electric SngV Br Sftevt Feeder r>s! Regured 

FiO Mecnaocal single Bm Sneet Feeder 

GX 100 Gonna Banana SOop* 



CABLES 



lrVe mar>»*actiaTe a great ixrnOer ot oterem cater assemtae* 
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Sill T'aewr Paper 20* 2900 Sneets 
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Tlwa monih Monte oflera ihe deal of the year The 
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character! and allows operation ol the CP/M 2.2 
Operating system with a 56K TPA. Both M I 24 and 
W . 16 modes are erasable trom TRSDOS and BASIC 
Reads and eihta-s 10 dltferent disk formats (Kaypro 
Oaboma. etc). A total ot 112K ot RAM The eitra 4SK 
RAM can ba MK up as a RAM cask through son-are 
routines that are furmshed anth the l u ppas d CP/M 
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easy to loiloe) mataUation instructions and operational 
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Guaranteed lor one year pans and labor. Monty can 
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NEW CP(»J 23 t> Mc^te/urna moo Pot T>e Model I 

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26-0310 TRSOOS 2 3 For Ths Mode- t 

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26-0316 TRSDOS 6 2 D-sn Doc Re- Cara 

26-0413 Disk Dnve Analyre- Wny pay more'' 

26 : 50' Model l '3 Siockoa. 

26 15*0 yodel 13 r-enae« 

26-1511 Mode- 3 Home Accountant 

26i5'2 Model 4 Target PlermerCaic 

26 i5'3 Moc*i ' 3 Cass Spectecuiaior 

26 15-.4 Modal 3 Pcrtckr- Manager 

261515 pts-ae tor Model 3 

26-1516 pts report tor Model 3 

26 151- 0fs*eoon tcr Modei 4 

26-1518 pllUe lor Model 4 

261520 Moo* 4 v-sCar. 

26 1521 Model 3 JgjC*k Busaiess Forecast 

26-'527 Modal 3/4 tormatwn 

26 1530 Model 4 Multtpian 

26 ' : 38 NCW1 Model 4 Apanme-i Management 

26 1539 Model 3/4 W-2 A-'ter 

26 1540 Model 3/4 Gene-at Ledger 

26 1541 Model 3/4 Accounts Receivable 

26 1542 ModH 3/4 Accounts Payable 

26-1543 Model 3/4 Payrca 

26 1544 Model 3/4 in»oc» Wr.ter 

26 1545 ralWt Model 3/4 Inventor, CurXroi 

26 1553 Mode* 1/3 Manu«ectunng Inventory Contru 

26 1560 F~ad Assets 

26-1562 Model 1/3 P-c«e 

261563 Model 1/3 SCIWSiT 

26-1564 Model 1/3 Maag-em 



Syste—s 



26-1565 Model 1/3 MtfO-» 

26-1568 Mode 1/3 MetKal Oiict 

26 1 569 Mode" 3 V.s-Calc Ennam 

26-15" Model I '3 Surveyng 

<•; 1 579 Mode! i '3 Real Estate 

26 1580 Model 1/3 Prefect Manager 

26 '58i Mode" 13 Personnel Manage- 

26-1582 Model 1/3 Tvne Manager 

25-1584 Mode- 3 C-*ck»nte» 80 

26-1585 Mode* 3 Bus-ne&s cneovnie- 

2&I583 Mods t/3 v'deote> PVa 

2&1589 Model 3 WCROrCouner 

26-1550 Model 1,3 itvjrSCBS>SlI 

26 1531 Model 1/3 Sc-ipsr! Dckonan, 

26 1532 Model 3 P-oKe PVn 

.- -' ■ '. - • ..._-■■_■■ 



26- 1594 Mode) 3 Oesktop/Plan-SO 

26-1595 SuOerSCRIPSIT Fur Tne MOOW 4 

26-1596 SCniPSlT For Tie Model 4 

26 1697 Model 3 Buswass Graprvcs Pal. 

26-1596 Model 4 vvsaoiew Pkrs 

26-1600 Dcaonary Inr tne Model 4 

26 1630 kjCWI Dp Sotver 101 rr# Mooei 4 

26-1635 ISEWI Model 4 p-c4*e 

26-1922 Model 3/4 Orchestra 90 

26-2011 Model 1/3 EDAS Tape Versran 

262012 3/4 Assembt* language Dereiopmem Ccu-s 

26-2013 EOAS Disk ve-vo- Model 1/3 

26-2015 Model 3 lnstru.-.i«vi Tapes 

26 201' Model 3 Assembly Language Course 'ape 

26-2018 Model 3 Assembly Language Course. f>s. 

26-2019 TRSDOS 6 ■ T-am-vg Course 

26 2022 Power Tool lor the Model 1,3 

26-2023 Dot Plot tor tne Modal 1/3 

26-2025 MM Construction -or the Model 4 

262026 MESH COBOL Ouar, tor Ihe Moo* 4 

26 2027 MEW Graphcs 90 tor somenng 



1b3 



262190 Model 4 COBOl 

26 2200 Modal 3 FOUTRAN 

26-2201 Mode- 1 FORTRAN 

26-2203 Model 1.3 COBOL 

26 2204 Mods- 1/3 Compear BASIC 12 

26-2205 Hkcro PILOT 3 

26-2210 Model 3 BASCOM 16 

26 22H Model 3 Afcor PASCAL 21 

262212 ARor PASCAL For The Mode- 4 It 

262213 Mode. 1 LOOS 'LSI verwil 6 
26-2214 Model 3 LOOS {LSI rersonl 6 
262216 CP/M Plus For Tne Moon 4 1; 
26GOOO The Good CP/V icy Ihe Mod* 4,Monterumj' •«, 
26-RfcAL GOOD Herd Oak Onver lor MM CP/M 
26-2217 C8ASK For The Model 4 meases CP Mi a 
26-2218 BASCOM lor me Model 4 it 
26-2219 FORTRAN -or me Model 4 | 
26-2220-23 V*3eote« various apcacahcr-s i 
26-2224 r^ryjuserr/Dow Jones S*f"B <i 

262230 NEW! Mode 4 C Language 21 

262231 Model 4 Double Duty I26K -eq , 
262718 Model 3 PILOT 10. 
262721 Cokx Comp,nor LOGO Ds, f 
28-2722 Color Compete- LOGO ROM Pac« 4 
263030 OS-9 tor The Cotor Computer ! 
263036 BASIC 09 For The Coto. Computer 8 
263038 retWTC Compeer "or tne Colo- Computer » 

25 3130 ISEWI MS-DOS «rm BASIC lor the 1200 
263821 Mod* IX lea-rang Lab I 

263829 NEW! Model 100 Munptar 13 

263830 MtW! Model tOO Scnpsn 3 
ALL Ceear Computer CASKS 25% OFF Cateleg Pnce 

ALL »C(yOS) aOFTWARE JON OFF Catalog Pnce 
264501 General Ledge- 1 12 

26-4502 Inventory Management System . 

26 4503 Payor 22 
26-4504 Accounts Receivable 

264505 Accounts Payable 

264508 Med-cal on-ce Systems 49 

26-4509 Manulaclu-ng Invenlory Contro 53 

264510 Versatile 4 

26-4511 V-vC* 

26-4512 Protae 11 9 

26-4513 Job Coatmg | 

26-4514 Order Entry 13 

264615 Proakt ■ Plus 19 

26-4516 Pros* Trarvng Gude S 

264517 ProkJe Phjs Upgrade a 

26-4520 Tire Accou-trv; 29 

264526 VisCak: Bjvness Forcastng - 

26-4531 SCRIPSIT 2 29 

264532 SCRIPSIl Utikty D-s. 7 

264534 SCHIPSll LVfo-uv, 12 

264536 SCrWSIT piotte. 0-m- 3 

26-4540 Statislic* Analysis a 

264545 Litigation Support 19 

264550 Business Graprvcs Analysis Pan 19 

264554 Accounts Receivable 3 

264555 Menu Generator 3 
26-4556 ProHe Forms 

26-4557 F-roMe A/ c raw s 
264568 Protea P-osort 
264559 Protook 
26-4560 vyESTlAW 
264580 MkaaPlan Mod* 2 1 
264601 Genera Ledger 
26-4602 Inventory Control System 
264604 Accounts Receivable 
26-4605 Accounts Payable 

264607 Oder Entry/lCS 

264608 Sales Analysis 
264612 Query COBOL 
264621 Personn* Search 

264701 FORTRAN 

264702 EOAS 

264703 COBOL 
264705 Compear BASC 
264707 COBOL Generator 
264710 Program fcd-tor 

264712 Assembly Language L1ev*J^oome-- , '-ysierr 
26-4713 EOAS 1 

264721 voeole. For The Moo* 2/12-16 
264725 NEW! BASCOM BAS'C Comp,»- 
264742 CBASIC 

264802 Inventory 'or the Hare O-sk 
264831 SCRIPSIT lor rne Hard Drsn 

264834 OcKxiary lor the Hard D^k 

264835 SCRIPSIT lor ->»-»ne Dnves 

AU. HEW teOOEL 2000 GOOOrlS 
26-5210 General Ledger 
26S212 Accounts Payable 
26-5213 Accounts Recervabte 
26-5214 inventory ConrcJ System 
26 5251 BASCOM 
265252 MS-DOS AssemMe- 

265255 FORTRAN 

265256 PASCAL 

265257 COBOL 

265260 Videote. Plus 

265261 Solleim 
265300 Lotus 12 3 
26 5302 SuperCaic 3 
26 5305 pis Me 
265306 pts report 
265311 MJtsaan 
26 5314 NEWIMctosoTi Word 

265330 Muetete 

265340 Home Accoumam 

265352 dBASE n 

26-5377 pujnettal 

MOOEI 12 t It taOOO SOFTWARE 

26-6100 COBOL Development System 

26-6201 General Ledge- 

266203 Pay-oil 

266204 Accounts Receivable 
26-6205 Accounts Payable 
26 6207 O-d* EntryltCS 

266208 Sales Ana-ys-s 

266209 Job Coshng 
266302 krventory 

266401 KENIt Development System 

266412 ProHe tor XEN"t 

266431 Scnpse tor XENtI 

266450 MAC16 Macro Asser-w 

26645- RM<OHTRAN •» <e"v 

266455 COBOL lo- XEVX 



139 26-6457 MBAStC lor XENIX 199 

'69 26*480 Mumousn Moow 16 S XENIX 269 

85 Electric PencH 20 Moo* 1/9 49 

141 Hue PencH Mod* 1/3 49 

<2 Red Pence Moo* 13 39 
65 Modem 10 A Poewru- Ccv-n. sveat-orn Program Ml;3 35 

2SJ Treckceea tor me Mode- j me ongnav ccoy p-ogram 19 

Super uwrry Plus 3 2 B »-s on Mod* 1 3/4 49 

CP/M OPERATING SYSTEMS 

^9 C**. 2.3 lo- me •Axis' « T»»e VtHY KST ONE S Iffl 

C-c very Owr ""•<> Hard Os» ■V've' 

34 Puis Rad-o Snac* s r\ n» S'\aoe X 

10 PAT CP/M 22m riopov Ver-s-on Mooe* 2'I2/16 1S< 

J3 P 4 T CP/M ;2nlcrR3 Ha-Q E>s*t Mooei 2/12/16 22! 

BOOKS and MANUALS 

4j 251501 NEW MS x>5 Reie-ence Manual 2! 

26 ' S33 NEW MS DOS BASK Re*—r» Uaua 2" 

M 25-1503 NEW Moo* ~C P-3grar~ — s Manu* li 

25-1504 WW Moo* 1000 Tecroca, aw Manual 21 

262102 Mod* i lev* • Manual S ■ 

262H0 Moo* a Tecnr.ca' Manua 21 

262H1 Mod* 3 DOS Menu* < 
262112 MOO* 3 BASIC Instruct-on Manual 

262114 Sourcebook Nrm Erkton I 

2621-5 Nevvstene' Boo. 1980 I 

26 2117 Moo* 4 DOS Manual 1! 

26-2240 New-uene- Book "rat ( 
26 2241 'Mwslette- Book 1982 

263191 Color Compuler Manual ! 

26 3192 E-lended Color Computer Manual ! 

26-3'93 Cotor Computer l Technical Menu* I' 

26 36*3 Mod* '00 leer-oca* Manua I 
263819 Mod* 100 Book -.:,--..- 

26432' Mod* 2 Tecrmc* Ftererence Manual 21 

26-4922 Mod* 12 Operat-ck-) Manual V 

26-5403 Med* 2300 Piugi a *iii«« s Manu* I! 
265404 Model 2330 Hardware Manu* 

266041 Mod* 168 Ope-alng Manu* SI 

IRS-80 L>S« & Other My^teres -s - -v-r-,,. tl 

M-crosolt BASIC LV...ooea rx jm 'r.„ 2* 

BAS'C r-Bter 4 Be-ler -, l^, m«, 2. 

BAS'C I asie- & Betler Dem.onstfa*ion Dtsk Y, 

BASIC Faster I Berrer L.-xary O-sk I 

BASIC t>» I/O Faster 8 Belter s, .~. omru. 2 

BASIC D^k "O Demonstraton Disk 2< 

The Cuslom "US 80 « o»-» s*-^, .«. 2' 

TRSDOS 2 3 Decoded •-. — .- '.~u 2i 

i.O ■> -— —r- 2< 



•'- 



UPGRADES 



64K RAM 200 nsec l Fj» »ea- Gua-amee 
Mod* 4 1 28* RAM llpg-ade K1 vr-ih Genu.* 
25 I0O4 Moo* 1000 I28H RAM upgra 



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Mod* 1000 2nd O-sk Dnve 


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•an above ItEAC 55Bi Save IMS 




25 I0O9 


Mooe 1000,1200 b'.'« RAM BoerO 


. li 




Mod* 3 -"k-Resokj'-on GraoNcs Board 


••. i 




tvtod* 4 r* Resouron Graprvcs Board 






444 


Same 


4 -above evcec-t aj brand Save iSii 


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Famou 


AEROCDMP DOC Double Dans*, Controker 99 


26'ia5 


Mod* t RS232 Board -»-tn cab* 
'4 R3232 msiaaai-on *L-l less ca-bte 


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t above evcen 40 t-ao- landon Save $S$ 




MOOEL 4 5MIU Speedup Mo«n<U tor gate anayl 




HOLMES Moo* 3 4Mhr Speedup Mod 






Mod* 2 Hi-Resojlion G-ap-vts Boaro 




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64k RAM Board 


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265140 


Mod* 2000 i-k-Re-Joiutior G-apn-cs Board 


li:*, 










M-xtel 2000 Mouse-Clock Board 


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265160 


Mod* 2000 interna I28K Board 


- • ■ 




Mod* 2000 Ei-lem* 128k Board 




265162 


Mod* 2000 128* RAM tor 26S161 




266010 


Mod* 2 or 12 to Mode 16 68000 Kn 




26-6011 


kAndet 16 '28K RAM Boa-rt 








" 


26-60-3 


Mod* 16 3-Use- RS232 Ca-0 




26-601' 


Mod* 12 Card Cape 


159 


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stock oi pans Gnre ,-s a ca" lo- that na-d to iind tern 




try and provide vrhat you need 





BUY FROM US RIGHT NOW! 

Or "»e " rr * i s so *arge i c-bp -xfi r* wted •compfeWy 
PieaKe c* •' fou do noi see **■•<* you win* C»ano»s arc 
we "■*■* il Becajse o* tno t*ne Lag n rnagazr* acverfs«ig 
p>xe5 are s^-fic to c">*V)e -Atihout notce and are mad orde-* 
onhr >Me are not r-espor>s<*e 1or rYDogrtf^C* errors YtXJi 
co^t »iy a-TdrOr pe-sona' ctv«e«s are *ecore ana *irw 
3e*%y yxm cder We use Te*eCnec* Please observe the 
foVitving •wj"/ , e^>e"ti ana >x*j' order w* oe shipped wffioui 
oe"av **>» -w* must &e d*aw" on a US* or Canada bank 
*x5 payab-r tn US Oo<>a's M riuSi De a tur^ printed c 
and coniai" voi.' street adfl'es-i and wxep^ooe numtw 
stgnaiu»e "iia-b' EXACTLY n mch " p ^^ prated o 
cneO "'a's aB "<ere is to •' m .-Kid'tior. nve accepi Amercar 
E»Df»ss Vwserca"l Visa Ca<n«f s Cfteds Wire Transfer 
and **e a»-.o «*v COO COO s and trsotor '^e^rt s-Nomems 
■r^> *ea,*e a deoos.: Some speoat <te"*i reqt^re depos^ti 
ALL COO s reQu*e cas/i or casrters cfiec* on oe*»ery 
Ccmoanv * n d-or personal cr*c*ts cm NOT be accepted » 
pay-npn« ■>•* COO shw^i Creoi c»ds are not cnatggi 
ixttf n« *r%> your order SMPPMG ChARGCS ARE NOT 
INCLUDCO Pie-ase add $5 *\arx*r^ 10 an orders lotting "ess 
man $S0 Aoo S20 -TandWtg o*iqe 10 ar cyders over $500 
sh^iped to Canad-an addresses No State S*es Ta> 
coiected on o-jt-o'-siale st^pTients II yoo order by 5PM yoi.< 
order dv'i be sapped the NEXT day ' stock >s O" »>arxJ 
Pespons»b«»-ty o' suitaWty o' soti*are 'ests witfi the 
psj/chas-e* Due to the -mature o' th«s busmess there ar<- NO 
HtFUNOS ON SOFTWARE REPLACEMENTS WILL BE 
PROVIDED FOR DEFECTIVE SOFTWARE ITEMS. provOed 
we -are notr^ed *»wnh-n ten oays of dc«ivery o< the 
-r*''. , -.*f»v it you rta.-v a parnri^ar pro-tue**' pease ca* irt 
*or he*p ano **istf"jc»on$ 

WARRANTY 

Ai i te m s Cd""* the cng^jf 'nanu-'actixers warranty We *• 

be "tapov to -""a* you a cociy uocr *eouest 

CALL TOLL fH££ FAOM ANYWHERE IN THE USA 

800-527-0347 
800-442-1310 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 109 



Circle 207 or Reader Service card. 



Maxell Floppy Disks 

The Mini-Disks 
with maximum quality. 





Dealer inquiries 
invited CO D's 
accepted. Call 
FREE (800) 235-4137 



PACIFIC EXCHANGES 

100 Foothill Blvd. San Luis 
San Luis Obispo. CA 93401 
InCal call (800) 592-5935 or 
(805)543-1037 



REVIEWS 



Circle 422 on Reader Service card. 



Word Processing 

SIMPLIFIED 

for 
Super SCRIPSIT 

The simple 
instruction book 

use with TRS-80 III, IV. IVP 

CLEAR, SIMPLE, EASY 

• home • office • education 

All you need is a super SCRIPSIT 

diskette. 

The only instruction book 

you'll ever need. 

ORDER NOW 

Send check or MO for S 16.95 

includes shipping to: 

Kelly Enterprises 

P.O. Box 247 

Holt. Ml 
48842-0247 



Circle 317 on Reader Service card. 



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five Reports Full ftlpho Printout. 

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Free Shipping For U. S. Orders 
Mississippi Residents odd 6% Soles Tai 



Continued from p. 56 

board into a Dvorak-style keyboard 
by translating all input keys, the other 
you can use either in an output filter 
connected to the printer or the RS-232 
port, or to translate ASCII values to 
EBCDIC, the standard used on IBM 
mainframes. 

RDTEST/CMD 

RDTEST will read all the sectors on 
a disk and report any read errors it 
finds. It's valuable if you want to 
check the quality of a disk that has in- 
formation on it; RDTEST doesn't 
destroy or reformat the disk at all. It 
sends reports of flawed sectors to 
either the screen or a printer, and you 
can specify the number of times you 
want it to read through the entire disk. 

TYPEIN/CMD 

The last program on the LS-Util- 
ities disk is an enhancement of the 
TRSDOS 6.X job control language 
(JCL) called TYPEIN/CMD. TYPE- 
IN offers two advantages and two 
drawbacks compared to JCL. 

The first advantage is that TYPE IN 
can send characters to programs that 
scan the keyboard (using the @KEY 
SVC) to look for single-key responses. 
Basic programs often use INKEYS or 
INPUTS to get a single keystroke as a 
menu selection. The TRSDOS JCL 
program is incapable of sending re- 
sponses to such programs, but TYPE- 
IN can. 

TYPEIN's second advantage is that 
it can take its input either from a file 
or directly from the keyboard. You 
may know what you want a program 
to do and how it should respond to 
several prompts, but perhaps you 
don't use it that often. Or, you may 
answer the prompts differently each 
time you run a program. With TYPE- 
IN, you can enter each command that 
you want to run automatically at the 
beginning of a session, in much the 
same way that you'd build a JCL file. 
However, LS-Utility doesn't save the 
list of automatic commands to disk. 

TYPEIN's biggest disadvantage 
compared to JCL is that it can only 
process keystrokes. It can't handle any 
of the JCL macros such as //IF. 
Therefore, you can't access the full ca- 
pabilities of the TRSDOS job control 
language with TYPEIN. 

Secondly, TYPEIN won't work with 
programs that scan the keyboard 



looking for abort keys only, such as 
the break and clear keys. Each such 
scan drains and discards keystrokes in 
the type-ahead buffer and also drains 
and discards all keystrokes in TYPE- 
IN's buffer or disk file. Because of 
TRSDOS's structure, you can't get 
around such a problem. 

The Docs 

The 22 pages of loose-leaf documen- 
tation is terse, but adequate to explain 
how to use each of the utilities (except 
in the case of the READ40/CMD drive 
table mentioned). 

Conclusion 

It is unlikely that most Model 4/4P 
owners will use all eight utilities. That 
doesn't detract from its value, how- 
ever. If you have a use for only one or 
two of these programs, you should 
find that LS-Utility is well worth its 
price. If you need more than one utili- 
ty, it's an excellent buy.B 

The Price is Write 

by John B. HarreU IJJ 

• ••* 

Easy Writer 1 System runs on the Tandy 2000, 
1200, 1000 (128K) and on IBM PC compati- 
bles. It requires one disk drive and either a 
monochrome or color monitor. Information 
Unlimited Software, 2401 Marinship Way, 
Sausolito, CA 94965-9987. $195. 
Easy to use: ir ir ir ir iJ 
Good docs: • • • • • 
Bug free: • • • • • 

Does the job: ir ir ir ir -^ 

• ••• 

Volkswriter Deluxe 2.0 runs on the Tandy 
2000, 1200, 1000 (256K) and on IBM PC com- 
patibles. It requires one disk drive and either a 
monochrome or color monitor. Lifetree Soft- 
ware Inc., 411 Pacific Street, Monterey, CA 
93940. 408-373-4718. $295. 
Easy to use: ir ir ir ir ir 
Good docs: ir ir ir iz •& 
Bug free: * * * it it 

Does the job: • * • * • 

People most often use comput- 
ers in word processing. But it's 
not easy to find a word processor that 
suits both your needs and your pock- 
et book. Easy Writer and Volkswriter 
Deluxe are two well done, modestly 
priced word processors that provide 
most of the text manipulation func- 
tions you'll need. 



MO* 80 Micro. May 1985 



Circle 427 on Reader Service card. 



REVIEWS 



Easy Writer I System 

EasyWriter readily supplies all the 
basics for almost any word processing 
application. With its low cost ($195) 
and ease of operation, it's perfect for 
users just beginning to work with their 
computers. 

The EasyWriter package comprises 
three interfaces: the file manipulation 
menu, the editor, and the print menu. 
You select each of these options with 
the function keys; when you first boot 
up the system, however, you're in the 
file manipulation menu. Here you can 
invoke the standard file functions: de- 
lete, rename, load, store, and so on. 

EasyWriter also lets you specify a 
file mask to selectively display certain 
files. For example, the mask C:DAT* 
pulls all files from drive C that begin 
with the letters DAT. But you can't 
specify a file extension or a path name 
as part of the mask. 

The Editor 

EasyWriter' s file editor resembles 
my old friend WordStar. Special print 
effects require symbols on the screen 
and don't use the computer's hard- 
ware for bold and underlined text. The 
files indicate soft spaces for justifica- 
tion and other special features with 
special characters. 

EasyWriter includes some nice fea- 
tures, like an undelete function that 
takes care of any finger slips you 
might make. The ability to tell the 
computer "Whoops!" as you learn is 
particularly important. 

The Printer 

Also vital is good printer support. 
EasyWriter shines in this area, sup- 
porting 37 printers, including defini- 
tion files for all of the Tandy printers. 
(EasyWriter comes installed for the 
Radio Shack DWP-410 printer.) 

The printer menu lets you produce 
multiple copies of a file or print only 
part of a file. You can use continuous 
forms or single sheets of paper. 

You can link files together, too, to 
print out a document that spans more 
than one file (and even more than one 
disk). Also, you can preview a docu- 
ment prior to printing it out to check 
on the format. 

The Speller 

To me, the best part of EasyWriter 
is its spelling checker. The checker 
comes with an 80,000- word dictionary 



that handles words up to 29 characters 
long. You can check linked files as 
well, and the checker retains words 
you've identified as satisfactory. 

For those of you who can't spell, a 
spelling checker alone sometimes isn't 
enough; you have to know how to 
spell the flagged words to enter them 
in the dictionary. The words that con- 
fuse me are those close to the correct 
spelling. EasyWriter solves this prob- 
lem by using a phonetic substitution 
analyzer to recommend candidates for 
replacing an erroneous word. 

EasyWriter also contains a sophis- 
ticated MailMerge function that lets 
you print customized documents for 
mass mailing. In addition, you can 
produce form letters or insert boiler- 
plate text with this module. 

Deficiencies 

Some items I don't like. First 
of all, EasyWriter works only in 
black and white and doesn't compen- 
sate for the video bug in MS-DOS 
Version 02. 00. XX, which incorrectly 
handles the intensity of the characters. 
Because of this defect, EasyWriter dis- 
plays text in bright white letters 
against a black screen (on a color 
monitor). 

EasyWriter limits the directory dis- 
play to only those files it can access. 
You must exit to MS-DOS to see the 
entire directory or to determine the 
space remaining on a disk. The limita- 
tion on path name support under MS- 
DOS is an unreasonable restriction. 

I experienced trouble with both of 
the Okidata printer files. Someone 
might have installed them who glanced 
through a list of control codes and 
didn't read the printers' supporting 
text. Nevertheless, several features 
were inoperative on my Okidata and I 
couldn't get it to print bold using the 
enhanced/emphasized modes because 
I didn't have enough bytes available to 
install the proper codes. I couldn't 
check out any of the daisy wheel print- 
ers and no mention is made in the text 
for support of proportionally spaced 
printing. 

Voikswriter Deluxe 2.0 

I have to rate Voikswriter Deluxe 
the Cadillac of small word processors. 
It has many of the features of higher- 
priced word processors and I found it 
easy to use once installed. 




Discover the flexibility end 
power of FORTH programming! 



You'll find your development 
time is shortened, programs run 
faster and memory requirements 
are drastically reduced FORTH is 
the language of tomorrow and 

it's available today from 
SOTA Computing Systems Limited 



igjg5a£ li§jiisijg 



benchmark timings® a library of 
over 300 predefined FORTH 
words ® and running in less than 
8K®this is the state-of-the-art 
FORTH implementation you have 
been waiting for' 



g,__ __/"! Gives you the in^ 
S 75.00 troductory program- 
. , mer's guide, the com- 
prehensive reference manual, 
and FORTH disk The diskette 
contains the standard core 
vocabulary, an editor, an assem- 
bler (with true Z-80 mnemonics) 
and a FORTH operating system 
(which like FORTH itself is simple 
to use and easy to master) In 
addition to the FORTH definitions 
required by the standard, we've 
included over 50 extra commands 
that you'll find particularly 
useful We've even provided a 
way for you to distribute your 
own programs without incurring 
expensive and awkward licensing 
arrangements What's more, fig- 
FORTH from SOTA is totally com- 
patible with TRSDOS". LDOS"\ 
nEWDOS" and CP/m Plus" 



ORDER FORM 



33 33 

a o 

33 H 



m m zi 

H H 33 

33 33 3 

H S3 5 

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& J_ \S) 

"O0QCDa> 

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=. D 



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eVfrgo 

Joo3 
a _< af g 

1 Odd 



3D 
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£ (A 
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52.3 

.*-<$ o 

-r^ —I 

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2- 9 



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55 a 
3 L 

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ORDER 
TODAY 



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(Vancouver, British Columbia] 

Canada V6G2RB 



ORDER BY Mfll 
OR BV PN0NC: 



(604)688-5009 



StoU ■•! th» Ail since l«JBI 



Sltl W£ 



Computing Systems Limited 



•TRSDOS LD0S. HZVD0S and CP/M Plus are registered 

trademark! of Radio Shack. Logical Systems lnc 

Apparat lnc and Digital Research respectively 

TRS 90 is a registered trademark of Radio Shack 



80 Micro, May 1985 -111 



m i cno's List of Advertisers 



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Compulogic 122 

Computer Discount ot America 

122 

Computer Friends 67 

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Load 80 Subscription 64 

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Engineering Programming .115 

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9 H & E Computronics CIV, 30 

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405 H F Signalling 113 

355 H D P 105 

455 Hard Dnve Specialists 97 

175 Howe Software 2b 
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126 JMG Software International 

2. 3 

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• Langly-St Clair 61 

251 Logical Systems Inc 18, 19 

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Consultants 53 

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28 

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2C6 
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406 
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213 
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456 
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123 
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Powersoft 28 

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House 37 

Programmers 4 Assoc 51 

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Radio Shack/Tandy Cll. 1 

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Software Support . . 68. 69 

Sota Computing Systems Ltd 

111 
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98 

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Sun Research 88 

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EXACT REPLACEMENTS 



NEW PRINTERS ADDED! FIND YOURS BELOW. DIDQAII C A I C EXACT REPLAC 

GoodTh.sMonlh fl ■ I» D */ 1* 9MbE 

RADIO SHACK • CENTRONICS • COMMODORE • EPSON • ANA0EX • BASE 2 • IBM • NEC • C ITOH • DEC • OKIDATA • OTHERS 



PRINTER 

MAKE MODEL NUMBER 
(Contact us it you' printer is 

not luted We can probably 
RELOAD you' old cartridges 



BASE 2 DIP 81/82/84785 MPI 88/99/GX 



C ITOH Prowrtta r 1550/8510 NEC 8023/802 5 _ 

C ITOH Starwrlter FIOVCARBON FILM BLACK 

DIA BLO HYTYPE II A FABR I C BL AC K 

OKIDATA PACEMARK 2350 2410 Black 

-MICROLINE ML80/82/83/92/93 

MICROLINEML84 



RADIO SHACK 

CARBON FILM DWP-210 
DAISY Wll DWP-410-510 
Red. Green. Blue, Brown 

FABRIC (Long-Life) DWP-210 
DAISY Wll DWP 4107510 
LPI-I 



Black (1445) 
Black (1419) 
Colors (1419) 
Black (1458) 
Black (1449) 
■IV CENTRONICS 730/737/739/779 (1413) 
DM P 200.120.430 (1296) (1483) 

DM P 500 (1482) 

DMP-2100 TOSHIBA P1340.1350.51 (1442) 

DMP-100. LP VII Commodore 1S2S. Gorilla Banana (1424) 

LP HIV (1414) 

DMP 4 00/ 420, LP VI VIII (1418) 



EPSON LO 1500 

MX/FX/RX 70/80 IBM PC 
• MX/FX/RX 100 -IBM PC 



COMMODORE 8023-P CENTRONICS 152 2 



ANAOEX 9000 Series 



ribbon 
size 



INSERTS EZ LOAD- 
DROP in NO WINDING 1 

EXACT REPLACEMENTS 
made >n ou' own shop 
cartridges not included 



$15/3 $54/12 $288/72 



$15/3 $54/12 $288/72 



$24/6 $42/12 
$21/3 $78/12 



$234/72 
$510/72 



$36/3 $132/12 $720/72 



$24/6 $42/12 $234/72 



$24/6 $42/12 



$30/6 $54/12 



$234/72 
$288/72 



$21/3 
$21/3 
$12/3 



$15/3 



$78/12 
$78/12 
$45/12 

$54/12 



$15/3 $54/12 



$15/3 $54/12 



$510/72 
$510/72 
$252/72 
$288/72 
$288/72 
$288/72 



$15/3 $54/12 $288/72 



$15/3 $54/12 $288/72 



$15/3 $54/12 $286772 



$15/3 $54/12 $288/72 
$18/3 $ 66712 $360/72 
$15/3 $54/12 $288/72 



RELOADS 

You SEND you' used 

CARTRIDGES to us We 

put OUR NEW INSERTS 

.ntherr 



$7/1 



$6 • i 2 or more 



$7/1 



$6 • a 2 or more 



$5.i 3-11 S4ea12o'more 

$8/1 $7 ea 2 or more 

$20/1 $18e«2ormore 



$5ea3-11 $4 ea 12 c more 



$5ea3-11 $4 ea 12 or more 



$6ea3-11 $5ea12cmce 



$8/1 
$8/1 



$7 ea 2 or more 



$7 ea 2 or more 



$7/1 
$7/1 



$6 ea 2 or more 



$6 ea 2 or more 



$6 ea 2 c more 



I $18/3 $66/12 $360/72 



$7/1 
$7/1 
$7/1 
$7/1 
$8/1 
$7/1 



$6 ea 2 or more 



$6 ea 2 or more 



$6 ea 2 or mora 



$6 ea 2 c more 



$7 ea 2 c more 



$6 ea 2 or more 



$8/1 



$7 ea 2 or more 



WORRIED ABOUT ORDERING BV MAIL'' Relax We've been in business for many years and can please the smallest and largesl ac- 
counts. You receive some ot the finest ribbons available made of our own exclusive IMAGE PLUS * < m labric and carbon film Our rib- 
bons fit your prinler eiaclly COMPARE, but BEWARE! We order all our competitor's products and are amazed at what we gel We use 
the latest state-of-the-art production equipment and are blessed with a fine, dedicated stall We guarantee everything we make, 
period. Out ribbons »ie made Irish daily and our goal is to ship your order within 24 hours Write lor our brochure and price list 



&£. 



NEW CARTRIDGES 

llrom the various 

manufacture's Sut>|ect 

to availability " I 



$20/2 $57/6 $ 99/12 



$15/2 $42/6 $ 78/12 



$18/3 $60/12 $348/72 
$18/2 $51/6 S 96/12 



$32 Each 



Spool 



$39/12 



Spool 



S 84/12 



$18/3 
$18/3 



$60/12 $348/72 



$60/12 $348/72 



$21/3 
SI 8/2 



$72/12 $420/72 
$51/6 $ 96/12 



$18/2 $51/6 $ 96/12 



$27/2 $81/6 



$24/2 



$15/2 
$16/2 



$72/6^ 

$42/6 

$48/6 



$162/12 

$144/12 



$ 78/12 

$ 96/12 



$15/2 



$15/2 



$22/2 
$14/2_ 

$18/2 



$42/ 6 
$42/6 
$63/6 
M6/6 
$51/6 



$ 78/12 



S 78/12 



$120/12 
$66/12 
S 96/12 



SILVER DOLLAR 

WIND to LOAD 
Why DO WE SELL THESE'' 
This -s the type 'ibbon you 
get it you orde' from ou' *e>l 
low advertise's We sen mem 
to' less smce we make them 
ourselves Do you really like 

the m#ss and inconvenience 
ot unwinding and dumping 
this type nbbon mto a waste 
basket o> out on a newspaper 

andVor winding it into your 

ca't'«1ge' , Wedon t know why 
these *<e being sold Com 
Puters should simplify your 
hie not make it more com 
pie> |ust to save a tew pen 
nies You a<e welcome to 
order these if you cannot at 
to'd our E7 LOAD'" IN 
SERTS RELOADS O' NEW 
CARTRIDGES Bui BEWARE' 
You now know how to avoid 
disappointment One mce 
caution be su'e to check tne 
length ot any ribbon BEFORE 
you buy it For instance, an 
MX 100 nbbon should be 30 
yards long not 20 as m the 
MX 80 



$12/3 $44/12 



$11/3 $40/12 



$12/3 $44/12 $252/72 
$15/3 $54/12 $288/72 



SEND CHECK MONEY ORDER. OR C O D ($3 00! TO 



VlSl 



BCCOMPCO 

BOO South 1 7 Box 246 

SUMMERSVILLE, MO 65571 

(417)932 4196 



WE PAY UPS SHIPPING on PRE PAID ORDERS 

J LfcASfc INCLUDE S T REET ADDRESS lor UPS DELIVERY 

FOREIGN ADD 15°- U S FUNDS 



112« 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 367 on Reader Service rard 



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NEW! Lower Prices!! 

wabash 

six-year warranteed 

DISKETTES! 
$11.90/box (10) 

5 . single -side, single-density, double-density 
add $2<box Add $3 per order snipping In Illinois 
add 7% sales lax 

Library Ca$e-$1. 50 (w.th disk purchase) 

Immediate shipment on VISA. MasterCard or 
Money order; add 14 days tor personal checks 

CALL TOLL FREE _ 
(800)222-1248 -^» 
In Illinois Call (312) 882-8315 

DEALERS! SCHOOLS! USER GROUPS! 

Call for our volume discount prices! 



DIGITAL IMAGES 

1185 Tower, Schaumburg IL 60195 



Circle 21 1 on Reader Service card. 


^i^V^^P 


('<('jjl 1 ^x^ .\\\(\1\\\| 


1 / S>" \ 


rwnptirnrii Aiuu^jinABiHi, • 


• '•lit mlMnl n .r, niir.r.nt itnlM. 


• m Una >lal». 




n "*" ir.rli.am IMK will, all InWilrlH, 


*aM ». wik i,.r n«t«* «t.d hmdiin, 


I . lofl 

" . D. »t> . Pom 1 26 



00 /V/cro does not keep subscription 
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Please send a description of the prob- 
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PRINTER OWNERS 

Letters are received here on a regular basis 
from customers saying how much they really 
enjoy receiving our lists. 

It's probably safe to say that the price lists 
issued here are different from most of the 
others Maybe it's the chatty folksy style of 
writing' 3 Perhaps its the bw. almost unbe- 
lievable, prices on printer cartridges? Again, 
it could be dealing with a dealer that under- 
stands the hobby Computer user and really 
cares about what you think? 

Send your name and address today for a 
rather fat envelope of printer and computer 
related offers. 

ZYGOTRON 

P.O. Box 27 
Fremont, Michigan 49412 



Circle 231 on Reader Service card 



UTILITY PROGRAMS 
FOR MODEL I 

BSH-BASIC SCREEN Handler alow the usa » formal and sm U 
xnms to be iota by a BASIC proc/am Variables are (Mined lo be afcnan 
umenc or numeric, to be nod on*,, output only, or input' ou*pul 

CFP -Command Fife Proooaor abut the user to save a lenes of commands 
ii a It. and have these commands ptwesed lata as i they war braig en 
Med by hand 

PATCH Bapnxjamdeg^inthraiwntopnxyammatoalnOR 
JECT code CMD or CM has). wthout hawng to raatwmbk and Ink the 

.. m i ■■■' 

D 1 COPY - It a tie copxa for usen nfflfi only one dfe*. dnVe on Iher computer 
syaem 



BSH 
CFP. 

PATCH 
D1C0PY 



135.00 

saw 

JlSOl 

y.; I 



TO0RDEH Sendrhediormc«»eyOBteabn9««hyouichcc«olproa«m 
Sopping and handing are included (Mew York readents pfeaw add appro 
pnate safes taxj 

Dowllng Enterprises, Inc. 

P.O. Bex 127X6 

Albany, NY 12211.272* 

(518) 45*1713 



Circle 405 on Reader Service card. 



PRINTER SWITCH SALE 




2-PINTERS ON-LINE 

Model 80 Line Printer Switch (- . . . I - I . ii. , •• 

switch used to select between 2 pr 

puter For Models l III IV IVP 1000. 120' 

i 557. 

2-COMPUTERS ON-LINE 

Model 82 Line Printer Switch. Hi- i! I ft 
swrtcn used to sulect outwoen ' 
com outers 

■re tor use wim TRS-80 computers but are 
adaptable to any Centron.cs type oarallc 
Provides card-edge conneclion 

Reg $120 $90. 2 cables included 
CABLES — cr*A>se '■ hi tw le eie hoi 
stock cables tor aH models nr wp'II mttkr . 
start at S19 

hf signalling inc. 

F S I * ' 



— w 

(816)833-4448 



Circle 137 on Reader Service card. 



FOR TRS-80 MODELS 1 , 3 & 4 
IBM PC, XT, AND COMPAQ 

Train Your Computer 
to be an 

EXPERT! 

Expert systems facilitate the reduc- 
tion of human expertise to simple, 
English-style rule-sets, then use them 
to diagnose problems. "Knowledge 
engineers" are developing many 
applications now. 

EXPERT-2, Jack Park's outstanding 
introduction to expert systems, has 
been modified by MMS for MMS- 
FORTH V2.0 and up We supply it 
with full and well-documented source 
code to permit addition of advanced 
features, a good manual and sample 
rule-sets: stock market analysis, a 
digital fault analyzer, and the Animal 
Game. Plus the benefits of 
MMSFORTHs excellent full-screen 
editor, super-fast compiling, compact 
and high-speed run-time code, many 
built-in utilities and wide choice of 
other application programs. 

( Rule 1 - demo in EXPERT-2 ) 
IF you want EXPERT-2 
ANDNOT you own MMSFORTH 
THENHYP you need to buy 

MMSFORTH plus EXPERT-2 
BECAUSE MMSFORTH is required 

EXPERT-2 

In 




FORTH 



The total software environment for 
IBM PC, TRS-80 Model 1, 3, 4 and 
close friends. 

•Personal License (required) 

MMSFORTH Syitem Ottk IBM PC I S249.95 

MMSFORTH Syttem DM TRS-flO t . 3 or 4) 1 29.95 

•Personal License (optional modules) 

FORTHCOM communications module $ 39 95 

UTILITIES 39 9s 

GAMES 39.95 

EXPERT-2 expert jysterr 69.95 

DATAHANOLER 59^95 

DATAHANDLER-PLUS |PC only t28K req .) 99.95 

FORTHWRITE word processor 175.00 

• Corporate Site License 
Extensions iron, $1,000 

• Some recommended Forth books 

UNDERSTANDING FORTH (overview) $2.95 

STARTING FORTH (programming) 18.95 

THINKING FORTH (technique) . . 1595 

BEGINNING FORTH > MMSFORTHi lfl.95 

Shipping/handling 5 lax extra No rttums on software 

Ask your dealer to show you the world of 
MMSFORTH, or request our free brochure 

MILLER MICROCOMPUTER SERVICES 

61 Lake Short Road. Natick, MA 01760 

(617)653-6136 



- 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 113 



REVIEWS 



The operation of formatting and 
transferring a system to your working 
disks is a necessary chore and general- 
ly doesn't take too long. The configur- 
ation program supplied with this ver- 
sion should be thrown away, however: 
I spent 90 minutes on a 10-minute job 
because every time I used the escape or 
arrow keys, the program hung up, re- 
quiring a system reset. This was un- 
satisfactory in a beginner's system. 

Once I got past this stumbling 
block, I fell in love with Volkswriter 
Deluxe. It's really simple to use and 
makes magnificent use of the Tandy 
2000' s colors to display the special at- 
tributes of the printer code and page 
layout. 

Solid Functions 

Unlike EasyWriter, Volkswriter 
takes full advantage of MS-DOS 2.0's 
features. You can use full path names 
to access any subdirectory and you can 
print text to disk to allow background 
printing of a document (or several doc- 
uments) using the DOS Print command. 

Volkswriter manipulates files that 
are essentially ASCII text files. In fact, 
if you use no special printing enhance- 
ments, you can integrate the files in 
any application. Volkswriter can also 
process any text file output from other 
programs, such as dBASE II or Super- 
calc. Lifetree even includes a utility to 
convert WordStar files to Volkswriter 
format. 

Volkswriter supports the entire line 
of Radio Shack printers, including the 
CGP-220 Color Ink Jet printer. While 
it doesn't support any of the popular 
printers (including Epson or Okidata 
models), installing your own printer 
codes is easy and requires only about 
10 minutes. 

Volkswriter also supports keyboard 
translation tables. You can customize 
your keyboard to support foreign lan- 
guages or math symbols, and you can 
apply these commands to printer 
translation tables. The table can trans- 
late a single-byte code into multiple 
bytes, so you can generate extended 
characters. 

Another outstanding feature is 
Volkswriter's ability to create a file 
larger than your memory size. You 
can write files up to 1 megabyte in size 
if you have the disk capacity. Volks- 
writer uses a memory-demand paging 
algorithm where the least recently used 
page is the first to be spilled to the disk 



if you need more space. This provides 
maximum efficiency while you edit. 

Deficiencies 

Volkswriter isn't without its faults. 
First of all, it doesn't run properly in 
color under the older MS-DOS; you'll 
need version 2.11 to allow adequate 
screen update. Second, Lifetree has 
modified Volkswriter's black and 
white characteristics to accommodate 
the defective BIOS in earlier versions. 
Running the black and white version 
under MS-DOS 2. 1 1 hurts your eyes, 
because the high and low intensities 
are reversed! And the cursor leaves 
white blotches all over the screen when 
operating in the color mode. 

The use of the soft keys was poor. 
I'm accustomed to having the more 
frequently used functions on the 
shifted and unshifted keys where I can 
get at them with a one- or two-hand 
manipulation. Some of the more fre- 
quent operations require using the al- 
ternate or control keys, forcing a 
touch typist into an abnormal series of 
keystrokes. 

My biggest complaint with Volks- 
writer is the documentation. While 
Volkswriter presents all the proper 
details, it doesn't have photos showing 
computer-generated responses. There 
isn't a picture or drawing included. 
Further, the organization is poor, mak- 
ing it difficult to find information. I 
don't want to be forced into a lengthy 
search of the manual when I'm in the 
middle of a document. 

While Volkswriter doesn't contain a 
spelling checker, its files lend them- 
selves easily to many commercially 
supplied spelling checkers. 

Conclusion 

It's impossible to satisfy everybody 
with one software package, because 
needs vary according to your skills and 
how you use the software. These two 
packages provide economical word 
processor systems. Each one has ad- 
vantages and disadvantages. If your 
needs are minimal and your budget is 
limited, you can do no better than 
EasyWriter. This system has more 
than enough functions as an introduc- 
tory word processor and offers some 
excellent features. It is also relatively 
easy to install and use. 

My personal preference is Volks- 
writer Deluxe. The features that 
bothered me were the lack of a spelling 



checker (which you can overcome) 
and the abysmal configuration pro- 
gram (which you only have to use 
once). But its other features far out- 
weigh these deficiencies. It is an inex- 
pensive package that has many fea- 
tures found in word processors costing 
twice as much. ■ 

Convert 3 to 2000: 
Upward Mobility 

by Gary Shade 

• • • •* 

Convert 3 to 2000 runs on the Model III (48K) 
and the Tandy 1000, 1200, 2000 (128K) and 
IBM PC compatibles. It requires two disk 
drives. Educational Micro Services, Inc., P.O. 
Box 471, Chester, NJ 07930. $139. 
Easy to use: * * * * ii 
Good docs: * * * * it 
Bug free: * * * * * 

Does the job: ***** 

Convert 3 to 2000 is a file transfer 
futility that lets you move Basic, 
ASCII, or binary files from the 
Models I and III to the Tandy 1000, 
1200, 2000, or the IBM PC and com- 
patibles. It's the best such program 
I've seen, well worth it's higher price 
over similar programs. 

Unlike other file transfer programs 
that require a hardware link between 
two computers, Convert transfers all 
files from disk to disk under software 
control. For instance, to transfer a 
Model III program to a Model 1000, 
you would format an MS-DOS disk 
on your Model III, transfer the Model 
III program to that disk, move the 
disk to the 1000 and run it through 
Convert's conversion program, then 
manually edit any problem lines Con- 
vert points out. 

The problem in transferring Basic 
files is that some computers use dif- 
ferent versions of Basic. The Basic in- 
terpreter of one computer contains 
key words not found or implemented 
differently in another. For example, 
the GW-Basic on most MS-DOS com- 
puters implements the random state- 
ment (RND) differently from that in 
Model III Basic. Convert 3 to 2000 ad- 
dresses most of the problems involved 
in the successful transfer of files from 
one computer to another. 

The two program disks included in 
the package are Hypercross, for the 
Model III, and the CVN32000 disk, 
which runs on the MS-DOS machines. 



114 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 210 on Reader Service card. 




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130 CLS 

140 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT "Enter filename of /TXT file in" 

150 PRINT "which to change periods to commas ";: LINE INPUT FILENAMES 

160 FlS=FILENAME$+"/CHG:l": FILENAMES=FILENAME?+"/TXT" 

170 OPEN "I", 1, FILENAMES 

180 OPEN "0", 2, F1S 

190 IF E0F(1) THEN 260 

200 LINE INPUT »1, AS 

210 IF INSTR(AS,"DATA") >8 THEN 250 

220 IF INSTR(AS,".")»0 THEN 250 

230 MIDS(AS, INSTR(AS,".") ,1)="," 

240 GOTO 220 

250 PRINT #2, AS: GOTO 190 

260 CLOSE 

270 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT "File saved as ";F1S: END 



Here's a better way to type in long 
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Greeley, CO 



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80 Micro, May 1985 • 115 



REVIEWS 



HyperCross 

The Model III Hypercross disk con- 
tains the programs HXI/CMD and 
HXIII/CMD. The disk comes in sin- 
gle-density TRSDOS 2.3 Model I for- 
mat. Model III users must use their 
DOS Convert utility to transfer 
HXIII/CMD from the Model 
1-formatted disk to one with TRSDOS 
1.3B. The programs HXI/CMD and 
HXIII/CMD let you format an MS-/ 
PC-DOS single-sided, double-density 
disk, display either drive's directory, 
and copy files from one drive (and for- 
mat) to another. 

The Hypercross software HXIII/ 
CMD runs under any of the following 
Model III operating systems: DOS- 
PLUS 3.4 or 3.5, LDOS, MULTIDOS, 
NEWDOS/80 2.0, and TRSDOS 1.3. 
When you initially run the program, 
you must specify the type of Model III 
DOS on the disk in drive zero. Once 
you do so, Hypercross displays the 
menu shown in Fig. 1. The program 
assumes that you have a Model 
Ill-formatted disk in drive zero and ei- 
ther a blank or an MS-DOS-formatted 
disk in drive 1 . 



Select from the following: 





Directory of TRS-80 drive zero. 


1 


Directory of MS-DOS drive I. 


2 


Copy file from drive zero to 1 . 


3 


Copy file from drive 1 to zero. 


4 


Format a disk in drive 1 . 


5 


Exit program. 


Figure I 


Main Menu of Hypercross program. 



After transferring the Tile to the MS- 
DOS-formatted disk in drive 1, 
remove the MS-DOS disk and insert it 
in the MS-DOS computer. If the file is 
a Basic program, run the CNV32000 
conversion program on the MS-DOS 
computer. This converts the Model III 
Basic program to a format compatible 
with Tandy or IBM Basic. The pro- 
gram automatically inserts spaces 
between key words and replaces 
PRINT® statements with Locate 
statements. Chapter 3 of the manual 
explains the reasons for any problems 
that occur during the conversion and 
tells you how to overcome them. 

Some possible errors include 
PEEK/POKE statements, OUT/ 
INP( ) statements, and others. Since 



PEEK, POKE, OUT, and INP state- 
ments use machine-specific memory 
or port addresses, CNV32000 flags the 
line numbers where it encounters such 
statements. It's your responsibility to 
then make any necessary corrections, 
but the manual contains enough in- 
formation for you to do so. 

The manual also contains infor- 
mation on how to change any of the 
Model III Basic CMD commands. It 
further discusses special memory lo- 
cations the Model III uses to monitor 
or change certain functions such as 
memory location 16409 (the Caps 
Lock switch) or memory location 
16412 (the cursor blink switch). In 
most instances, the manual includes 
suggestions on how to replace the 
Model III statements with GW-Basic 
statements that do the same thing. 

Testing the Software 

I initially began testing Convert us- 
ing a long Basic program found in an 
old issue of 80 Micro called Kings and 
Castles (August 1983, p. 246). The 
conversion program performed flaw- 
lessly. When I ran CNV32000, I se- 
lected the options I wanted from the 
menu shown in Fig. 2. I directed the 
error report to the printer by selecting 
option D. What resulted was over four 
pages of errors or warnings produced 
by the conversion program. Most in- 
volved incompatible key words like 
RND, and PEEK/POKE statements 
that you'd have to edit manually after 
the conversion for compatibility. 

I really had little need to see Kings and 
Castles run on the Tandy 2000, so I didn't 
bother to edit the four pages of errors. 
Instead, I developed a test program (Pro- 



gram Listing 1) and ran it through the 
program (Program Listing 2). 

Notice the difference between the 
listings. The Model III version con- 
tains no spaces between key words and 
operands, and the converted program 
does. CNV320OO automatically in- 
serted the spaces when it made the 
conversion and replaced the Model III 
PRINT® statement with an equiva- 
lent Locate statement. 

Listing 3 contains the Model III 
program error statements produced 
by the conversion software. Notice 
that a warning error occurred in line 
140 due to the RND statement. The 
manual suggests you substitute RND 
with INT (RND*NUM)+ 1, where 
NUM is the range you want to assign 



Code 


Option 


A 


Display errors on screen. 


B 


Display Model III program lines on 




screen. 


C 


Display IBM PC program lines on 




screen. 


D 


List errors on printer. 


E 


List Model III program lines on 




printer. 


F 


List IBM PC program lines on 




[ J rintcr. 


G 


Pause after each error condition. 


H 


Sound Bell after each error condi- 




tion. 


I 


Save converted PC version on disk. 


J 


Insert line feed after each ":". 


K 


Insert line feed before If, Then, 




Else. 


L 


Remove remarks and comments 




from PC version. 


Type the codes for all desired options and 


then press the enter key. 


Figure 


2. Main menu of Convert 3 to 2000 


program. 



Program Listing I. Model III program listing before conversion. 



10 'This is a test of the Model 3 to Tandy 2000 conversion 

20 'Software (CONV 3 To 2000). A short program to illustrate 

30 'the program's utility follows. 

40 ******** Generate table of squares 

50 FORI=0TO100 



60 PRINTI,I[2,I[3 
70 NEXTI 



90 
100 
110 
120 

130 
140 
150 
160 
170 
180 



****** TEST RANDOM NUMBER FUNCTION 

'****** OBTAIN A NUMBER BETWEEN 5 AND 7, 

FORX=1TO260:NEXTX 

CLS:PRINT3535, "Random Number Test " 

FORRN=1TO100 

I = RND(10) :IFK4ORI>8THEN140 

PRINTI; 

NEXTRN 



END 



116 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



fyJA'W'* 



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Circle 103 on Reader Service card. 




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80 Micro, May 1985 • 117 



REVIEWS 





Program Listing 2. Model III program listing after conversion. 


10 


This is a test of the Model 3 to Tandy 2000 conversion 


20 


Software (CONV 3 To 2000) . A short program to illustrate 


30 


the program's utility follows. 


40 


******* Generate table of squares 


50 FOR 1=0 TO 100 


60 


PRINT 1,1 [2, I [3 


70 NEXT I 


80 




90 


****** TEST RANDOM NUMBER FUNCTION 


100 


t ****** OBTAIN A NUMBER BETWEEN 5 AND 7. 


110 


FOR X=l TO 260: 




NEXT X 


120 


CLS: 




LOCATE 9,24: 




PRINT"Random Number Test " 


130 


FOR RN=1 TO 100 


140 


1= INT (RND*10)+1: 




IF I<4 OR I>8 




THEN 140 


150 


PRINT I; 


160 


NEXT RN 


170 


i 




End 



Program Listing 3. Error statements produced by Convert 3 to 2000 and printed out. 

-MOD 3- 10 'This is a test of the Model 3 to Tandy 2000 conversion 
10 ' This is a test of the Model 3 to Tandy 2000 conversion 

-MOD 3- 20 'Software (CONV 3 To 2000). A short program to illustrate 
20' Software (CONV To 2000). A short program to illustrate 

-MOD 3- 30 'the program's utility follows. 
30 'the program's utility follows. 

-MOD 3-40 '******* Generate table of squares 
40 ' ******* Generate table of squares 

-MOD 3- 50 FORI=0TO100 
50 FOR 1=0 TO 100 

-MOD 3- 60 PRINTI, 1*2,1*3 
60 PRINT I, 1*2,1*3 

-MOD 3-70 NEXTI 
70 NEXT I 

-MOD 3- 80 ' 

80 ' 

-MOD 3- 90 ' ****** TEST RANDOM NUMBER FUNCTION 
90 • ***** TEST random NUMBER FUNCTION 

-MOD 3- 100 '****** OBTAIN A NUMBER BETWEEN 5 AND 7. 
100 ' ****** OBTAIN A NUMBER BETWEEN 5 AND 7. 

-MOD 3- 110 FORX=1TO260:NEXTX 
110 FOR X=l TO 260: 
NEXT X 

-MOD 3- 120 CLS:PRINT@535, "RANDOM NUMBER TEST " 
120 CLS: 

LOCATE 9,24: 

PRINT-RANDOM NUMBER TEST " 

-MOD 3- 130 FORRN=1TO100 
130 FOR RN=1 TO 100 



<<< ERROR 28 >>> Line # 140 WARNING ERROR 

RND() statement encountered. 
-MOD 3- 140 I=RND(10) : IFK40RI>8THEN140 
140 I=RND(10) : 

IF I<4 OR I>8 
THEN 140 

-MOD 3- 150 PRINTI; 
150 PRINT I; 

-MOD 3- 160 NEXTRN 
160 NEXT RN 

-MOD 3- 170' 
170' 



<<RND>> 



the random number. The program in 
Listing 1 contains the statement 
I = RND(IO) at line 140. You should 
replace this with the statement I = 
INT(RND*10)+1 in the MS-DOS 
converted program (Listing 2). 

Conclusions 

This is the most versatile file trans- 
fer utility that I've used. I was able to 
transfer any type of file to or from a 
Model I or III and my MS-DOS com- 
puters. The Basic conversion utility 
CNV32000 cleaned up the transferred 
Model III program, flagged potential 
compatibility problems and key 
words, and automatically substituted 
many key words such as Locate for 
PRINT®. 

The big advantage I see in this soft- 
ware is that I don't need a serial card in 
the IBM PC, or a null cable to transfer 
a file between computers. I simply re- 
move the MS-DOS-formatted disk 
from the Model I or III and put it in the 
PC. File transfers couldn't be easier. 

The company advertises three con- 
version packages: One for converting 
programs from Model III to Model 4 
Basic, one for Model III to Model 2000 
conversions, and one for Model III to 
IBM PC and compatible Basics. The 
Model III to 4 package costs $49.95, 
while the other two are $139.95 each. 
The only difference between the MS- 
DOS versions is an addendum to the 
IBM PC program telling you to modify 
one line containing the Width state- 
ment so that it agrees with Advanced 
Basic syntax. This difference has 
nothing to do with how it converts the 
Model III Basic, but with how it prints 
out the information during conver- 
sion. The review package worked on 
the Tandy 2000, IBM PC, Compaq, 
and the Tandy 1000 and 1200. 

The worst thing about the program 
is the manual. The program's docu- 
mentation consists of 34 pages housed 
in an SVz- by 11-inch three-ring 
binder. It's poorly organized and 
lacks an index. While it provides a lot 
of useful information, the manufac- 
turer should have included a speedier 
way to access that information. A 
novice user will have some trouble us- 
ing the software because of this. 

While I feel that utility programs 
such as these should be priced from 
$75 to $90, Convert 3 to 2000 works 
so well it merits the $139.95 price tag 
it carries. ■ 



118 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 350 on Reader Service card. 



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can send or retrieve files of any size from unattended 
computers, at three different speeds. 
GROWTH AND EXPANSION REQUIRE 
OPEN COMMUNICATION. LETS TALK. 



t 5o = 7ujpne conp 
Making dollars and sense out of Information. 

Now available at Radio Shack stores through 

Express Order Software Program. 

TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corporation. Tandy 2000 is a trademark of Tandy Corporation. Visi Calc is a registered trademark of VisiCorp 
IBM PC and PC XT are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. COMPAQ is a trademark of Compaq Computer Corporation. 

« division of the goodman group. Inc 1 2900 Preston Rd., Dallas. Texas 7S2JO (214)239-608$ 
UTS TALX Includes all diskettes for each of the above computers. Suggested retail price $ 1 79.00 4 S5 00 shipping 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 11t 



NEW PRODUCTS / edited by Robert Mitchell 



Making Connections 

MI , ink ($250) establishes 
micro to mainframe and 
micro to micro communica- 
tions for the Model 4 run- 
ning CP/M and the Models 
1000, 1200, and 2000 under 
MS/DOS. 

The package features on- 
line help functions, direc- 
tory-based autodialing, and 
auto log-on. MLink also 
operates as a terminal emu- 
lator, data transfer utility, 
remote bulletin board, 
e-mail system, and as con- 
trol software for distributed 
processing. You can also 
create automatic or menu- 
driven communications 
links. 

For more information, 
contact Corporate Micro- 
systems Inc. at Box 277, 
Etna, NH 03750, 603-448- 
5193. 

Cirde 551 on Reader Service card. 

Windows to CP/M 

Monte's Window ($49) 
can open windows for your 
128K Model 4 with CP/M. 
A touch of the keys opens a 
software window containing 
a note pad, appointment 
calendar, calculator, and 
mini data base manager. 

This desk organizer lets 
you interrupt program op- 
eration and display Monte's 
Window on-screen. One- 
key control resumes execu- 
tion. Monte's Window uses 
no user RAM. 

For more details, contact 
Montezuma Micro at Red- 
bird Airport, Hangar 18, 
Box 32027, Dallas, TX 
75232, 214-339-5104. 

Circle 556 on Reader Service card. 




The Penman Robot Plotter plots color graphics on up to a nine square- 
foot area. 



Plotting Robot 

Axiom's Penman three- 
pen robot plotter ($399) 
propels itself over a 3- by 
3-foot area to produce mul- 
ticolor graphics. Penman 
attaches to any computer 
through its RS-232 or seri- 
al port. 

The unit's high-level 
commands include a built- 
in character set, arcs, and 
circles. The plotting vehicle 
measures four inches square 
and aligns itself with paper 
edges. 

Penman works with many 
applications programs in- 
cluding Lotus 1-2-3, Visi- 
Calc, and Logo. For more 
information, contact Ax- 
iom, 1014 Griswold Ave., 
San Fernando, CA 91340, 
213-365-9521. 
Cirde 559 on Reader Service card. 

On-line Learning 

The Information Online 
Toolkit ($29.95) combines 
The Microcomputer User's 
Guide to Information On- 



line with SuperScout com- 
munication software for the 
Models 1000 and 1200. 

The guide includes step- 
by-step instructions on 
searching on-line data 
bases, downloading, send- 
ing mail, and talking to 
others. Users can subscribe 
to Business Computer Net- 
work Inc.'s service that pro- 
vides 20 free accesses per 
month to information ser- 
vices and unlimited point- 
to-point communications. 

For more details, contact 
Hayden Book Co., 10 Mul- 
holland Drive, Hasbrouck 
Heights, NJ 07604, 201- 
393-^306. 
Cirde 562 on Reader Service card. 

Unearthly Software 

Tracking Halley's comet 
is as easy as looking down 
— at your Model 100. Astro 
($39.95) turns your Model 
100 into a portable plane- 
tarium. It plots a picture of 
the sky for any date, time, 
or location, and provides 



information on celestial 
bodies of interest. 

Move the cursor to the 
appropriate celestial body 
and Astro displays the 
name, brightness magni- 
tude, direction, and alti- 
tude. Type in the name of 
the celestial body, and 
Astro points to it with the 
cursor. 

Contact Loquor Enter- 
prises, 3 Heneage Lane, 
Hanover, NH 03755 for 
more details. 

Circle 555 on Reader Service card. 

Utilities 'R' Us 

Dowling Enterprises Inc. 
(Box 12726, Albany, NY 
12212, 518459-2713) offers 
four utility programs for 
the Model I. Basic Screen 
Handler ($35) lets you for- 
mat and save full screens 
for use in Basic programs. 
Command File Processor 
($25) saves a series of com- 
mands in a file for automat- 
ing command sequences. 

Patch ($15) alters Assem- 
bly-language object code 
without reassembling and 
linking the source code. 
DICopy ($15) copies files 
on one-drive systems. 

Circle 563 on Reader Service card. 

Fast Tapes 

The HHCI Tape Operat- 
ing System ($49.95) gives 
Model HI cassette users 
faster input/output at a 
fraction of the cost of disk 
drives. 

The system reads and 
writes data via CTR-41, 
CTR-80A, or CCR-81 cas- 
sette recorders at 8,000 
baud, 50 times faster than 



120 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



CQMPUTRQNICS 



• • EVERYTHING FOR YOUR TRS-80™ • ATARI™ • APPLE™ • PET™ • CP/M" • XEROX™ • IBM™ • OSBORNE™ • • 

* TRS80 is a trademark of the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corp * ATARI is a trademark of Atari Inc. - 'APPLE is a trademark of Apple Corp. * PET is a trademark of Commodore 
* CP'M is a trademark of Digital Research •XEROX is a trademark of Xerox Corp * IBM is a trademark of IBM Corp • OSBORNE is a trademark of Osborne Corp 



BUSINESS PAC 100 




* A» ° rder V^back guarantee 

* 30-Day money 



100 Ready-To-Run 
Business Programs 



(ON CASSETTE OR DISKETTE) Includes 128 Page Users Manual 

Inventory Control Payroll Bookkeeping System Stock Calculations. 

Checkbook Maintenance.... Accounts Receivable... ..Accounts Payable 



BUSINESS 100 PROGRAM LIST 



NAME DESCRIPTION 

1 RULE78 Interest Apportionment by Rule of the 78s 

2 ANNU1 Annuity computation program 

3 DATE Time between dates 

4 DAYYEAR Day of year a particular date falb on 

5 LEASEINT Interest rate on lease 

6 BREAKEVN Breakeven analysis 

7 DEPRSL Straightline depreciation 

8 DEPRSY Sum of the digits depreciation 

9 DEPRDB Declining balance depreciation 

1 DEPRDDB Double declining balance depreciation 

1 1 TAXDEP Cash How vs depreciation tables 

12 CHECK2 Prints NEBS checks along with daily register 

1 3 CHECKBK 1 Checkbook maintenance program 

1 4 MORTGAGE/A Mortgage amortization table 

1 5 MCLTMON Computes time needed for money to double, triple, 

1 6 SALVAGE Determines salvage value of an investment 

1 7 RRVARIN Rate of return on investment with variable inflows 

1 8 RRCONST Rate of return on investment with constant inflows 

19 EFFECT Effective interest rate of a loan 

20 FVAL Future value of an investment (compound interest) 

2 1 PVAL Present value of a future amount 

22 LOANPAY Amount of payment on a loan 

23 REGWTTH Equal withdrawals from investment to leave over 

24 SIMPDtSK Simple discount analysis 

25 DATEVAL Equivalent & nonequivalent dated values for oblig. 

26 ANNODEF Present value of deferred annuities 

27 MARKUP * Markup analysis for items 

28 SINKFCJND Sinking fund amortization program 

29 BONDVAL Value of a bond 

30 DEPLETE Depletion analysis 

31 BLACKSH Black Schotes options analysis 

32 STOCVAU Expected return on stock via discounts dividends 

33 WARVAL Value of a warrant 

34 BONDVAL2 Value of a bond 

35 EPSEST Estimate of future earnings per share for company 

36 BETAALPH Computes alpha and beta variables for stock 

37 SHARPE1 Portfolio selection model i.e. what stocks to hold 

38 OPTWRfTE Option writing computations 

39 RTVAL Value of a right 

40 EXPVAL Expected value analysis 

41 BAYES Bayesian decisions 

42 VALPR1NF Value of perfect information 

43 VALADINF Value of additional information 

44 UTILITY Derives utility function 

45 SIMPLEX Linear programming solution by simplex method 
4b TRANS Transportation method for linear programming 

47 EOQ Economic order quantity inventory model 

48 QUEUE I Single server queueing (waiting fine) model 

49 CVP Costwlume-profit analysis 

50 CONDPROF Conditional profit tables 

51 OPTLOSS Opportunity loss tables 

52 FQUOQ Fixed quantity economic order quantity model 

53 FQEOWSH As above but with shortages permitted 

54 FQEOQPB As above but with quantity price breaks 

55 QUEUECB Costtoenefit warting line analysis 

56 NCFANAL Net cash flow analysis for simple investment 

57 PROFIND Profitability index of a project 

58 CAP I Cap Asset Pr Model anaryss of project 



59 WACC Weighted average cost of capital 

60 COMPBAL True rate on loan with compensating bat. required 

61 DiSCBAL True rate on discounted loan 

62 MERGANAL Merger analysis computations 

63 FTiRAT Financial ratio* for a firm 

64 NPV Net present value of project 

65 PR1NDLAS Laspeyres price index 

66 PRjNDPA Paasche price index 

67 SEAS1ND Constructs seasonal quantity irxices for company 

68 TIMET R Time series analysis linear trend 

69 TtMEMOV Time series analysis moving average trend 

70 FUPRMF Future price estimation with inflation 

71 MAILPAC Mailing list system 

72 LETWRT Letter writing system-links with MAILPAC 

73 SORT3 Sorts list of names 

74 LABELl Shipping label maker 

75 LABEL2 Name label maker 

76 B0SBUD DOME business bookkeeping system 

77 T1MECLCK Computes weeks total hours from Omeclock info. 

78 ACCTPAY In memory accounts payable system-storage permitted 

79 INVOICE Generate invoice on screen and print on printer 

80 INVENT2 In memory inventory control system 

81 TELDIR Computerized telephone directory 

82 TIMUSAN Time use analysis 

83 ASSIGN Use of assignment algorithm for optimal job assign. 

84 ACCTREC In memory accounts receivable system-storage ok 

85 TERMSPAY Compares 3 methods of repayment of loans 

86 PAYNET Computes gross pay required for given net 

87 SELLPR Computes selling price for given after tax amount 

88 ARBCOMP Arbitrage computations 

89 DEPRSF Sinking fund depreciation 

90 UPSZONE Finds UPS zones from zip code 

91 ENVELOPE Types envelope including return address 

92 AUTOEXP Automobile expense analysis 

93 1NSFLE insurance policy fBe 

94 PAYROLL2 In memory payroll system 

95 DILANAL Dilution analysis 

96 LOANAFFD Loan amount a borrower can afford 

97 RENTPRCH Purchase price for rental property 
96 SALELEAS Sale-teasebeck analysis 

99 RRCONVBD Investor's rate of return on convertable bond 

100 PORTVAL9 Stock market portfolio storage-valuation program 



D TRS-80 Cassette Version $99.95 

□ TRS-80 (Mod-I or III), Pet, Apple 

or Atari Versions $99.95 

D TRS-80 Mod-ll, IBM, Osborne 

and CP/M Versions $149.95 

ADO 13.00 FOR SHIPPING IN UPS AREAS 

AOO S400 FOR COD. OR NON-UPS AREAS 

ADO tS 00 TO CANADA AND MEXICO 

ADO PROPER POSTAGE OUTSIDE OF U.S.. CANAOA AND MEXICO 

•CQMPLITRQNICSf 






<*?' «iS£ 




50 N. PASCACK ROAD 
SPRING VALLEY. NEW YORK 10977 



HOUR 

04 OBOE* 
* H LINE 




ASK FOR OUR 64-PAGE CATALOG 



DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED 



\§P^ (914 ) 425-1535 

ALL PRICES • SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE 
DELIVERY SUBJECT TO AVAILABILITY 



Circle 9 on Reader Service card. 



Clrct« 133 on Reader Service card. 




—TANDY 1000 COMPUTER— 

THE AFFORDABLE PC COMPATIBLE AT AN 

INCREDIBLE LOW PRICE OF $999. 
FEATURES INCLUDE: 



• 12HK RAM 

• Mono A Color Adapters Included 

• \ ideo Interface 

• :«U)K Hair Height Drive 

• Three Voice Sound 

• l tn ill In Speaker A Audio < Kitpul Jai Iv. 

• Parallel Praitei Interface 

• Two JojatJcfc Porta 

• Ughi Pen Interface 

• Three PC CoinpatMe Expaiwjori Skua 





MUHK CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED 

Prirr Qimirtl |g ( ash Ifuu-ouiilrfi. 

Crrdu Card Price is $1,029. 

WE ALSO STOCK • TANDY 1X00 HD 

• TANDY 2000 • TAJVDY 6000 • TANDY 100 

& MODEL 4. CALL FOR A PRICE QUOTE! 



CD A 


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INOUIRIES and in NJ 201 728 8080 

INFORMATION on your order 201-728-8082 

7 A0N0I006 5 Sale Ends 5/31/85 




k COMPUTER 
\ SALES > 



Circle 86 on Reader Service card 




MODEL III 



MODEL 4 





TRS-80 MODEL III 
TRS-80 Model « 

HS-2JJ SERIAL INTCRfACC 

MODIFICATION KIT 


5° II 

1 

■ 




I 

1 

o i5* | ' 

Q -* ■ 


tifaaiBp 



Stale o» the an: technology m board design our »'«cl replacement ol »*» Snack s 
ml*tn»i RS 23? board mounts m.O. the Mode' III o< 4 on the eitslmg brackets H 
cables, screw* and complete mounting instructions are included *on techn<ai 
people w*t tine that installation is quack. straight lorwarfl and s<mpkt requmng less 
than i s mmutrs to complete 

Total compete»M» «*h Radio Snack' and a* et.»i.ng software t mamtamed 
Software programmaow oaud rates Item SO to 1 9 200 Baud ere supported along mm 
programmable word length s«op bits, and parity May be jtiWed r 



nth»i ha« o« lull 



iJuokyi operation 



•69.» 5 



Qfjpjgp 



ti4/>»i>ia 



OsrtetaneHts* Value 

At 

Otsly 

Guaranteed Oe •" uii Yea- 
09**1 inovi'ias nuted 
Please forward payment by a cashier's 
check or money order. 
Visa or Maslercharge also accepted 

Add S3 00 shipping ft handling 
(Foreign orders quoted on request) 



NEW PRODUCTS 




The Diskaddy filer 

normal cassette operation. 
HHCI TOS accepts com- 
mands from the Basic 
prompt, and includes a 
directory command. 

You can install system 
hardware in one hour. The 
system also includes soft- 
ware, installation instruc- 
tions, and a user's manual. 
For more details, contact 
HHCI Tape Systems, 725 
Idlewild Road, Bel Air, MD 
21014, 301-838-7692. 
Circle 560 on Reader Service card. 

Expanding Files 

Diskaddy ($14.99) is a 
portable disk filer that ex- 
pands like an accordian to 



holds up to 22 disks. 

accommodate up to 22 
disks. Designed for toting 
disks in a handbag or brief- 
case, Diskaddy is available 
for 5'/4- and 8-inch disks. A 
six-disk filer ($7.99) is also 
available. 

For more details, contact 
MB International Inc., 4322 
Date St., La Mesa, CA 
92041, 619-232-8772. 

Circfe 557 on Reader Service card. 

Glare Gone 

The Glare/Guard Van- 
tage ($59) and Professional 
($99) glass antiglare panels 
reduce glare and static build- 
up on any CRT. They im- 
prove image-to-background 




Glare/Guard glass fillers eliminate glare without compromising 
resolution. 



122* 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 476 on Header Service card 



NEW PRODUCTS 





Indus-Tool's Modem Spike Protector protects your equipment from 
phone-line transients. 



contrast while maintaining 
high resolution. 

The Vantage model re- 
duces glare by 90 percent; 
the Professional model re- 
duces glare by 94 percent. A 
special coating on the inside 
of the screen shunts stat- 
ic electricity through a 
grounding cord to minimize 
static and dust build up. 

For more details, contact 
Optical Coating Laboratory 
Inc., 2789 Northpoint Park- 
way, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, 
707-545-6440. 

Circle 570 on Reader Service card. 

Quick 'N' QWERTY 

The FasType ($39.95) 
typing tutor for the Models 
III and 4 teaches you how to 
type faster. This machine- 
language program improves 
typing speed and accuracy 
through a sequence of les- 
sons. The program's add/ 
change feature lets you 
create new typing lessons. 

Contact Press A Soft- 
ware (Box 364, Jerome, AZ 
86331, 602-634-2688) for 
more information. 

Circle 554 on Reader Service card. 

Graphics Realities 

Dennis F. Tanner's The 
TRS-80 Graphics Book 
shows you how to incorpo- 
rate graphics in your Model 
I/III/4 programs. 

Sample programs illus- 
trate graphics programming 
techniques. Tanner covers 
the Set, Reset, Point, Print, 
and POKE commands for 



creating graphics. Other 
topics include reverse video, 
animation, screen designs, 
creating graphics using 
block moves, and com- 
pressed graphics. 

Hardbound ($25.45) and 
softbound ($16.45) editions 
are available. Contact Van 
Nostrand Reinhold Co. Inc. 
(135 W. 50th St., New 
York, NY 10020, 212-265- 
8700) for more details. 

Circle 558 on Reader Service card. 

Tele-Shocker 

The Modem Spike Pro- 
tector ($59.95) from Indus- 
Tool protects your equip- 
ment from transient spikes 
that come in over phone 
lines. 

The device plugs into 
your modem to prevent er- 
rors, malfunctions, false 
printouts, and disk skips. It 
handles up to a 12,000-volt 
surge and carries a 70 joule 
rating. 

For more information, 
contact Indus-Tool at 325 
W. Huron, Chicago, IL 
60610. 

Circle 569 on Reader Service card. 

Showing Your Colors 

Hamilton Software's Col- 
orwriter4 ($400) integrated 
software for the Models 
1000 and 1200 provides a 
word processor, graphics 
generator, data base man- 
ager, spreadsheet, and math 
calculator in full-color 
displays. 

The program also sorts 



MULTIDOS 60/64 ■ FOR THE MODEL 4 

New for your Model 4..J\ completely unique DOS.. JVot 
a rehash of TRSDOS 6..Mot just another Model HI 
DOS..J\ totaly redesigned operating system for your 
Model 4. 

■ flip between 64 and 80 characters on the screen; 32 and 40 
character widths also available 

■ runs Model III software 

■ use your extra 64K memory as a MEMDISK; automatically 
sets up MEMDISK as system disk, allowing use of the drive for 
a data disk 

■ for 4P owners, never load MODELIII A file again! 

■ disk I/O code written for Model 4; get fewer errors than you 
get using a Model III DOS 

■ a much faster BASIC; many enhancements and debugging 
tools 

■ over 41000 free bytes of memory in BASIC 

■ runs BASIC programs written for the Model III in 64 char- 
acters, or easily modified to 80 characters 

■ write programs using 80 character screen, function keys, and 
extra memory 

■ keyboard returns an extended character set; user controllable 

■ includes all the new features in 1.7 MULTIDOS 

MULTIDOS 80/64 reads many disk formats, including all Model 
I/III DOS' and TRSDOS 6. If you're a Model III owner thinking 
about upgrading, this makes the transition easy. 
MULTIDOS 80/64 $99.95 

NEW VERSION MULTIDOS FOR MODEL I/III $89.95 

■ includes a MEMDISK • set aside part of memory as a disk file 

■ for double-sided drives, select either one or two volume 
operation 

■ handles 8 inch drives 

■ all the great features of 1.6, including compatiblity with all 
other DOS', plus many enhancements 

^^™ ZEUS EDITOR/ ASSEMBLER ^^™ 

• supports undocumented Z80 op codes and standard pseudo ops 

• really FAST assembly 

• intelligent error display - shows line number and file containing error, even when 
you don't print to screen 

• easy line editor won't let you enter incorrect syntax 

• remembers file name of source and object code: eliminates accidental overwrite 

• dynamic renumber; no more "no room between lines" 

• calculator mode gives answers in decimal, hex. and binary 

• GET command gets files from disk with lightening speed; handles big flies so fast 
you'll think they're small 

> doesn't hog memory - lots of room for source code 

■ easy block move ft duplication 

"pages" the screen backward ft forward for easy editing 

■ reads and writes files in ASCII. EDTASM. and Zeus compressed format 

• Model 4 version supports 80x24 lines 

ZEUS for Model I. III. 4, or MAX-80 $79.95 

LAZY WRITER WORD PROCESSOR 

"I would give Lazy Writer my highest recommendation..." 
Stew Schneider in On-Line Today 

• works with any printer 

• easy to learn - used in many schools 

• fast, easy-to-remember editing commands 

• Mod 4 version has 80 character screen 

• powerful features for advanced users 

• good support free user newsletter 

LAZY WRITER FOR MODEL I, III. OR 4 $124.95 




AlphaBit Communications, Inc. 
acall (313) 581-2896 



13349 Michigan Ave 
Dearborn, Michigan 48126 



80 Micro. May 1985 • 123 



Circle 216 on Reader Service card. 

TRS-80+ MOO I, III, COCO. TI99/4a 
TIM EX 1000. OSBORNE, others 

GOLD PLUG - 80 

Eliminate disk reboots and data loss due to oxi- 
dized contacts at the card edge connectors. 
GOLD PLUG 80 solders to the board edge con- 
nector. Use your existing cables, (if gold plated) 



GOLD PLUG 80 Mod I (6) 

Keyboard/El (mod I) 
Individual connectors 
COCO Disk Module (2) 
Ground tab extensions 
Disk Drives (all R.S.) 
Gold Disk Cable 2 Drive 
Four Drive Cable 
GOLD PLUG 80 Mod III (6) 
Internal 2 Drive Cable 
Mod III Expansion port 
USA shipping $1 45 
Foreign $7 



&A 



W 



§44.95 

15.95 

7.95 

16.95 

INCL 

7.95 



S&4. 9 G 
• 1 0. 9 5 - 

«fl r\c 



& 



rO 



29.95 
39.95 
54.95 
29.95 
10.95 
Can/Mex $4. 
TEXAS 5% TAX 



it 



Ask your favorite dealer or order direct 

E.A.P. CO. 

P.O. BOX 14 

KELLER. TEXAS 76248 

(8 1 7) 498-4242 MC/VISA 

+ trademark Tandy Corp 



ORDER TODAY' 



NEW PRODUCTS 



Circle 213 on Reader Service card 




INCREASE 

KEYBOARD 

SPEED! 

Tandy gave HyperTyper * a 

• • * * rating for both 
TRS-80 and Tandy 2000 

for only $29.95 

• HyperTyper* is a complete software program 
designed to help you make the most of your computer. 

• HyperTyper* is under your control— you go at your 
own speed; not at the program's demand. 

• HyperTyper* uses real words, sentences and 
paragraphs, not nonsense syllables. 

• Although the text is light-hearted and fun, HyperTyper* 
is not a game, but a serious, powerful teaching tool. 

• This is a flexible, easy-to-leam and easy-to-use 
program that can aid everyone from novices to 
advanced typists. 

STANDARD SOFTWARE 

Suite 1600-121 S.W. Salmon St 

Portland, Oregon 97204 

To order by Visa/Mastercard call 

1-800-547-3000 ask for Dept. 810 

In Oregon and outside USA call 

1-503-684-3000 (Dept 810) 

TRS-80 & Tandy 2000 registered trademarks of Tandy 




77i£ Sharp Model 250 thermal printer runs at 70 cps on standard printer 
paper. 



and archives data, and cre- 
ates up to seven full-screen 
windows. Colorwriter 4 re- 
quires 256K RAM and a 
color monitor. A demon- 
stration disk is available 
for $25. 

For more information, 
contact Hamilton Software 
Corp., P.O. Box 791153, 
Dallas, TX 75379, 619- 
588-7448. 
Circle 552 on Reader Service card. 

Sharp Impressions 

Sharp Electronics Corp. 
(10 Sharp Plaza, Paramus, 
NJ 07652, 201-265-5600) 
has introduced two thermal 
printers. The Model 220 
($199) weighs 7.7 pounds 
and runs at up to 50 charac- 
ters per second (cps). It 
prints at 120-dot-per-inch 
resolution and accepts ther- 
mal paper, bond paper, or 
transparencies. The unit in- 
cludes a parallel interface. 

The Model 250 ($399) op- 
erates at up to 70 cps (35 cps 
in letter-quality mode) with 
240-dot-per-inch resolu- 
tion. The unit accepts roll 
paper, single sheets, or fan- 
fold paper. 

Circle 565 on Reader Service card. 

DMP Performer 

The EC100 processor 
board ($29) turns your 
DMP 100 printer into an 
upper- and lowercase char- 
acter printer. The new char- 
acter font provides true 
one-line descenders, and 
comes with the standard 



ASCII or Model I charac- 
ter set. 

The EC100 installs with- 
out soldering or cutting and 
doesn't affect graphics ca- 
pabilities. It does, however, 
alter the underline function. 
The EC100B board ($32) re- 
stores the underline func- 
tion and requires some 
soldering. 

Special-purpose EC100 
boards are also available for 
designing your own charac- 
ter set. For more informa- 
tion, contact The Electronic 
Closet at 8187 Blakely Court 
W., Bainbridge Island, WA 
98110. 
Circle 567 on Reader Service card. 

System at a Glance 

The TRS-80 Model 100 
System Reference Card 
($2.50) summarizes all 
Model 100 operations for 
computing at a glance. One 
side of the card covers in- 
structions for the text, 
address, and schedule pro- 
grams. The flip side ex- 
plains Basic commands and 
the telecommunications 
program. 

For more information, 
contact Eighty Computing, 
Box 154, Orinda, CA 94563. 

Circle 564 on Reader Service card. 

Routine Recipes 

TRS-80 Portable Com- 
puter Subroutine Cook- 
book by David Busch 
($12.95) includes 70 ready- 
to-merge subroutines for 
your Basic programs. 



124 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 151 on Header Service card. 



NEW PRODUCTS 




CompuKit's 30-megabyte hard drive for the Models I /III/ 4. 



The book includes line- 
by-line descriptions of sub- 
routines that cover generat- 
ing music and sound effects, 
finance, arcade games, de- 
signing character sets, using 
the clock and interrupts, 
and other special Model 100 
features. 

Contact Brady Commu- 
nications Co. Inc. (Routes 
450 and 197, Bowie, MD 
20715, 301-262-6300) for 
more details. 

Circle 568 on Reader Service card. 

Hard Driving 

Hard Drive Specialist, a 
division of Compukit Corp. 
(16208 Hickory Knoll, Hous- 
ton, TX 77059, 800-231- 
6671; in Texas, 713-480- 



6000), has introduced a 
30-megabyte hard drive for 
the Models 1, III, and 4. 

The unit incorporates 
buffered seek logic and uses 
plated media that increases 
platter life and decreases ac- 
cess time by up to 75 percent 
over other hard drives. The 
30-megabyte hard drive 
costs $1,895; a secondary 
unit is $1,695. An optional 
multiplexer lets you access 
the drive from up to four 
computers. 

Circle 553 on Reader Service card. 

Fast Link 

The Courier and Micro- 
link 2,400-baud autodial, 
auto-answer asynchronous 
modems ($895 each) trans- 




The Courier 2400 from U.S. Robotics uses advanced signal filtering 
technology for transmission at 2400 bits per second. 



CONVERT YOUR TRS-80 MODEL III OR 4 INTO A 

DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM 

Now you can develop Z-8C :> devices such as games, robots, 

instruments and peripheral controllers, by using your I 

'i' .'LLOPMATL plugs ... 

PROM PROGRAMMING ind IN CIRCUIT-EMULATION capacities !0 your 



Complete «s»ucbons and sample schematics are included to help you design your 
>: >e standalone microcomputer systems PHI MS CAN BE AS 

SIMPLE AS FOUR iCs one TTL circuit (or clock and reset. aZ-80. an EPROM and 
one peripheral interface chip 

-lulalion cable is plugged 
into the Z-80 socket of your stand-alone system 
. iff o! your TRS-80 You 
ivver ot your editor/assembler s 
debug and trace programs lo check out Doth the 
A.ite Simple test loops 
can be used 10 check out the hardware then tne 
can be run to > 
i .none device 

e program is kept m TRS-80 RAM 
changes can be made qu-ckiy and easily When 
your stand atone devicr 

use the Doveloprr.ale s PROM PROGRAMMER 
to copy the program into a PROM With this 
PHOM and a Z-80 m place ot Ihe Ml 
cable, your stand- alone device will work Dy itself . 

The DEVELOPMATE is extremely compact Both the PROM programmer and the 
.ii emulator are in one small plastic box only 12" ■ 5 4 A imepiug mounted 
|x>wer supply is included The PROM programmer has a personality mod- 
defines the voltages and connections ol the PROM so that tulure devices can be 
accommodated However, the system comes with a universal personality module 
which handles 2768.2508I8K i. 2716,25161 I6K1, 2532I32K). as well as the 
Incaliy alterable 2816 and 480161 I6K EEPROMs) 

The COMPLETE DEVELOPMATE 83 with software, power supply, emulation 
cable. TRS-80 cable, and "universal" personality module, is ONLY S329! 

PM2 PERSONALITY MODULE for 2732A EPROM S15 

PM3 PERSONALITY MODULE lor 2764 EPROM $15 

ORION INSTRUMENTS 

1 72 Otis Avenue. Dept M. Woodside. CA 94062 

(415)851-1172 
Master Charge and Visa phone orders accepted. 
California residents please add s.. 



Circle 466 on Reader Service card. 




IT'S LIKE 

DISKETTES 
FOR 99 EACH! 

^feM • 100% more capacity than Single Side 

•CTo^ Diskettes 

M • For use in ANY 5Vi Disk Drive 

«^ft)^0TM * Jl)S ' turn '' over to use the other side 

Both sides are certified 100% Error Free 
ouarantee 

• MADEINU.SA. • TOTAL SEAM BONDING 

• TYVEK JACKETS, REINFORCED HUB RINGS 

• EXCEEDS INDUSTRY TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 

180* »or 10 disks (20 sides) 

call for quantity discounts 



diskettes 



s 



19? 



only 

* On all orders add $2 for p< -ndling 

Foreifl la res add 5% Sales Tax 

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 
OR YOUR MONEY BACK! 



ORDER 
TODAY 




TOLL FREE 1-800-642-2536 

FLORIDA 305-493-8355 

or send check or money order to: 




computer products 

4211 NW 75th Terrace • Dept 2 02 Lauderhill, FL33319 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 125 



NEW PRODUCTS 



mit at 300, 1,200, or 2,400 
baud. 

The Microlink 2400 is 
designed for use with IBM 
PC and PC-compatible 
computers. The Courier 
2400 interfaces with any 
computer that has an RS- 
232 interface. 

Features include call dur- 
ation reporting, a repeat 
command, modem status 
display, external program- 
ming switches, and on- 
screen help. Also included 
are an on-board speaker 
with volume control for 
audio line monitoring and 
automatic speed setting in 
answer mode. 

Both units work with Tel- 
pac, Cross Talk, Smart- 
Corn, and PC Talk com- 
munications software. For 
more details, contact U.S. 
Robotics Inc., 1123 W. 
Washington Blvd., Chicago, 
IL 60607, 312-733-0497. 

Circle 566 on Reader Service card. 



DIFFERENT TRACK 



Creative Cabinetry 

Creative Cabinets (5924 
Veranda Drive, Spring- 
field, VA 22152, 703-455- 
4958) offers a distin- 
guished cabinet for your 
computer and peripherals. 
The Model I oriental- 
finish cabinet features 
adjustable- height shelves, 
drawers with dividers for 
disks, and compartments 
for a modem, telephone, 
manuals, and supplies. 

The monitor and VCR 
shelves slide out for easy 
access, and a printer cart 
with a paper catch rolls 
out of the cabinet. Cab- 
inets are available in burl, 
teak, or black laquer with 
hand-painted designs and 
hand-etched brass orna- 
mentation. Prices start at 
$1,999. 

Circle 561 on Reader Service card. 




The Cadillac of computer cabinets, finished with etched brass and 
hand-painted designs from Creative Cabinets. 



Circle 227 on Reader Service card. 



NEW And IMPROVED 
CP/M-68K 

Treat your TRS-80 Model- 16 or Enhanced Model-ll or -12 to our new 
Version 1.2 CP/M-68K, now with: 

• Keyboard 7y pea head • Overlay loader 

• C compiler with standard • New utilities 
and IEEE floating point • 68000 assembler 

Option languages* — CBASIC-68K, PASCAL MT+, FORTRAN-77, 
PASCAL-68K, BASIC-68K 

Version 1.1 users; order a language and receive your version 1.2 up- 
grade FREE. Upgrade alone only $25. 



Trisoft 

4102 Avenue G 
Austin, Texas 78751 
(512)453-2233 




•Requires 256 kbytes minimum except for BASIC 68K 




126* 80 Micro, May 1985 



Otoe 368 on Header Service card. 



NEW PRODUCTS 



New Products Index 



Reader Service 
Number 



P«ge 

120 

124 
125 
120 
126 
120 
124 
124 
123 
120 
120 



569 


Indus-Tool 


123 


555 


Loquor Enterprises 


120 


557 


MB International 


122 


556 


Montezuma Micro 


120 


570 


Optical Coating Laboratory 


122 


554 


Press A Software 


123 


565 


Sharp Electronics Co. 


124 


558 


Van Nostrand Rcinhold Co. 


123 


566 


U.S. Robotics Inc. 


125 


New Products listings an? based on information supplied in 


manufac- 


twers' 


press releases. 80 Micro has not tested or reviewed these products 


and cannot guarantee any claims. 





Before tins happens, 
caliSAFEWARE 



800/848-3469 

(In Ohio, call 
614/262-0559) 

Protects your computer 
against theft, fire, power 
surges and other accidental 
losses. I nsures your entire 
system for as little as $35 a 
year — depending on the value of 
your hardware, software, and 
media. Full replacement after a 
tow $50 deductible. 

Were SAFEUARE™ the first name 
in computer insurance. Tens of 
thousands of satisfied customers. Call 
toll-free for rales or immediate 
coverage. 

SAFEWARE, The Insurance Agency Inc. 
PO. Box 02211 
2929 N. High Street 
Q)lumbus. Ohio 43202 





Circle 464 on Reader Service card. 



Graphics Solutions 

High-Resolution Software and Hardware 



GBASIC 3.0 Radio Shack Model 
4/4P/I1I hires board owners take note of 
an enhanced graphics Basic; GBASIC 3.0 
not only has an equivalent for each of the 
BASICG commands but adds a number of 
important new commands while using less 
memory. The hires screen can be printed 
on any of 20 popular printers or saved to 
or loaded from disk without leaving Basic. 
The software works with TRSDOS 1.3. 
6.1.2. 6.2, LDOS. NEWDOS80, and 
DOSPLUS. The disk contains 40 graphics 
programs/files. Also included is a detailed 
manual which includes assembly language 
entry addresses. $49.95. (Specify Model 4 
or III mode or add $10 for both.) 

The following seven programs run on 
a Model 4/4P/IH equipped with a Radio 
Shack graphics board and GBASIC 3.0 or 
a Micro- Labs Grafyx Solution board: 

DRAW - A powerful full screen graphics 
drawing and editing program. $39.95. 

BIZGRAPH - Create business graphs from 
hand entered or VisiCalc data. $98.00. 

LET'S WRITE MUSIC - An editor which 
displays and prints music. $49.95. 



xT.CAD - Professional drafting aid which 
outputs to a printer or plotter. $449.95. 

3D-PLOT - View three-dimensional data 
from any perspective or angle. $39.95. 

MATHPLOT - Plot equations of the form 
Y=F(x) with auto scaling. $39.95. 

SURFACE PLOT - Plot three dimensional 
equations of the form Z=F(x,y). $39.95. 

GRAFYX SOLUTION. Plug in. clip on 
board enhances any Model 4/4P/III to 
provide 640 m 240 / 512 x 192 dot 
graphics. Comes with over 40 programs 
and files including GBASIC 3.0 which adds 
over 20 new commands. $199.95. 

80-GRAFIX. Plug-in, clip-on board 
upgrades any Model III/ 1 to provide 128 
user-definable characters. Comes with over 
20 programs. $69.95 (III), $99.95 (1). 

JOY-MOUSE. Albws a Radio Shack 
CoCo joystick, mouse, or touch pad to be 
connected to any Model 4/4P/III. Hardware 
provides X, Y position values from to 
255. A built-in speaker produces sound 
from the cassette port. $99.95. 




G.I.N.A. Software program for the Model 
4/4P/1II/I which uses the standard block 
graphics screen to display a window to a 
larger 65536 x 65536 dot tablet. The 
arrow keys are used to draw two or 
three-dimensional figures. The display can 
be scaled, shifted, or rotated in any 
dimension. The final picture is printed in 
hi-res on Radio Shack, Epson, Gemini, NEC 
8023, or Prowriter printers. $75.00. 

Please specify your exact system 
configuration when ordering or requesting 
information. Payment may be by check, 
Visa, Mastercard, or COD. Domestic 
shipping is free on pre-paid orders. Texas 
residents add 5%% sales tax. 

Micro-Labs, Inc. 214235-0915 

902 Pinecrest, Richardson, Texas 75080 



80 Micro, May 1985 • 127 



ASK TANDY 



Upgrade Notices: 
Who Gets What When 



Send questions specifically dealing 
with Tandy policies, products, and 
services to Ask Tandy, 80 Micro, 80 
Pine St., Peterborough, NH 03458. A 
representative at Tandy's Fort Worth, 
TX, headquarters supplies all answers 
published here. 

1^1 Why do customers get upgrade 
notices before the Radio Shack Com- 
puter Centers do? On too many occa- 
sions I've followed your instructions 
to go to my local Computer Center for 
a required upgrade, only to be met 
with blank stares. 

AX We try our best not to let this 
happen, but it has happened several 
times. We become over-eager to get 
the word out when a mandatory up- 
grade crops up. Sometimes it's our 
own fault, and once in a while it may 
be a case of slow or lost mail. 

Tandy has a system that's supposed 
to prevent our mailing upgrade notices 
until we've shipped upgrades to Com- 
puter Centers and stocked them in our 
warehouse. I know it's frustrating — 
we'll try to do better. 

Qll have a DMP-400 printer that I 
use with SuperScripsit. The lowercase 
"y" doesn't descend properly and is 
totally out of proportion with the rest of 
the alphabet. This isn't a calamity, but it 
does offend the discerning eye. Em- 
ployees at the local Computer Center 
told me they can't fix it. Is that true? 

A. I On some older printers, the 
limited number of pins (vertical dots) 
make it necessary to lift some lower- 
case letters above the baseline by one 
dot. This lack of true descenders is 
even more pronounced on some Ra- 
dio Shack printers older than the 
DMP-400. 

Early printers had 7 or 9 pins. The 
DMP-430 has 18, so it produces nice- 
looking characters, and the DMP- 
2100, with a 24-pin head, forms char- 
acters of near- daisy- wheel quality. 



Your Computer Center is right: 
Your printer's design dictates the 
shape of the "y." It 's not a defect, and 
it's not correctable. 

\£l\ recent Radio Shack flyer adver- 
tised a program called "Machine- 
Language Concepts for the Color 
Computer," catalog number 26-2670. 
I can't find it. 

AlThe program is actually called 
"The Illustrated Computer. "It's cur- 
rently in Tandy's warehouses. The 
stores don 7 keep all products in stock, 
so you might have to ask your local 
store to order it. This program is 
courseware, intended for school use. 

\£l I have a cassette-based Model I, so 
my card slot is unused. Where can I 
get information about building my 
own interface boards? 

A I The Model I has no "card slots. " 
It does have a bus connector, which 
attaches the computer to the Expan- 
sion Interface and a few other Tandy 
peripherals. A number of books have 
been written about adding boards to 
Tandy and other computers, but I 
can't endorse any particular one; I 
suggest you try a library or bookstore. 
Tandy recommends that customers not 
attempt homemade hardware add-ons 
because of the risk of damaging the 
computer if you do something wrong. 

I^Il'm a junior in high school in 
England. I'm interested in electronics, 
computers, and programming. I'd like 
to go to one of the leading colleges for 
computer science, and I'm wondering 
which ones Tandy looks at first when 
hiring computer specialists. And 
what's your estimate of the demand 
for computer specialists around 1990? 

jAlWow! You're asking me to 
estimate demand six years from now, 
with the whole micro industry barely 
six years old. I don 't want to go too far 



out on a limb, so I'll just say that de- 
mand should be increasing between 
now and then. Unless so many stu- 
dents go into computer sciences that 
there's an oversupply (hard to ima- 
gine, impossible to predict), it should 
be a good place to be. 

As for colleges, we try not to recom- 
mend specific ones. We're more inter- 
ested in the courses you take. As long 
as you choose a recognized school, 
you should be OK. 

y I When Tandy stopped publishing 
the TRS-80 Microcomputer News, I 
asked to have another TRS-80 maga- 
zine fulfill my subscription. So far, I 
haven't received one issue. What's 
happening? 

A.ll'11 answer this one in a general 
way, because we get questions about 
almost all the magazines. First, after 
you send us the card, don 't expect an 
issue for about three months. That's 
the average. One magazine found a 
batch of names in January 1985 that 
they'd misplaced since October 1984. 
That won 't happen often, but we're all 
human. 

If it's more than three months since 
you sent in your request and you want 
to check on your subscription, write, 
don't call, Theresa Moore, Radio 
Shack Circulation Dept., 300 One Tan- 
dy Center, Fort Worth, TX 76102. Tell 
her when you sent your request and 
for what magazine, and how many 
months you have coming. Don 7 for- 
get to include your name, address, and 
phone number. 

(Editors' Note: 80 Micro has re- 
ceived thousands of cards from Mi- 
crocomputer News subscribers. Our 
normal order processing period is sue 
to eight weeks; we're shipping current 
issues as soon as processing is com- 
plete. Unfortunately, if you're already 
a current 80 Micro subscriber, we 
can't transfer your subscription. If 
your subscription has expired, how- 
ever, we'll extend it.) ■ 



^28 • 80 Micro, May 1985 



Circle 215 on Header Service card. 



Super Spring Sale 



C compiler 

for the model l or 3 using 

TRSDOS, LDOS, NEWDOS, 

DOSPLUS, or MULTIDOS; 

includes full screen text editor and 
advanced development package 

List Price $m=m 
Sale Price $89.95 



Multi-Basic compiler 

for the model l or 3, or 4 using 

TRSDOS, LOOS, NEWDOS, 

DOSPLUS, or MULTIDOS; 

includes full screen text editor and 
advanced development package 

List Price 525030 
Sale Price $89.95 



This is a full K & R standard implementation of 
C that includes a Unix compatible function 
library. The package also includes a 450 page 
manual with a tutorial on using the C language. 
If you've been wanting to learn C, this is the 
package you need. 





Features Include 


char 


8 bits 


initializers 


short 


8 bits 


typedef 


int 


16 bits 


static 


unsigned 


16 bits 


auto 


long 


32 bits 


extern 


float 


32 bits 


struct /bit fields 


double 


64 bits 


union 



Execution speed on the Model 3 for 10 
iterations of the prime number program 
published in Byte. Jan 83, page 284. 

LC Compiler 105 sees. 
Alcor C 78 sees. 

Special Bonus 

Buy one version for $89.95 and get the version 
for the other model for only $21. 



Multi-Basic is a TRS-80 BASIC compatible 
compiler. The Model 4 version supports 
everything in the TRSDOS 6 BASIC interpreter 
except the COMMON statement. The same 
support is provided in the Model 1 and 3 
versions so programs are portable. The CMD 
statement is the only statement from the Model 
1 and 3 BASIC interpreters that is not 
supported. 

Multi-Basic also supports advanced language 
features like multi-line procedures and 
functions, recursion, and dynamic string 
management (no long pauses for garbage 
collection). 

Execution speed on the model 3 for 10 iterations 
of the prime number program published in Byte. 
Jan 83, page 286. 



BASIC Interpreter 

Multi-Basic 



4570 sees. 
89 sees. 



Special Bonus 

Buy one version for S89.95 and get versions for 
the other two models for only S21 each. 



Get Yours Today - Sale Ends June 30th 



C Compiler 



Circle version!-.) 
One version (S89.95) 
Both versions (SI 10.95) 
Add 69f sales tax (Texas only) 
Shipping S6 USA S28 foreign) 
Total 



1 1 .'2 Commerce Systems 
Richardson. TX 75081 
(214)238-8554 



Model 
l 3 




Name 
Street 
City _ 



State. 



/.p — 
Country 
Phone . 



Also available lor (PMA MSDOS 

MC □ Visa D Money Order □ Check □ COD C 
Card » — exp 



Multi-Basic Compiler 



Model 
1 3 4 



Circle version) s) 
One version (S89.95) 
I wo versions (SI 10.95) 
Three versions (SI 3 1. 95) 
Add W ( sales tax (Texas only) 
Shipping S6 USA S28 foreign) 
Total 



Multi-Basic is a trademark of Alcor Systems 
I RS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp 
MSDOS is a trademark ol Microsoft 
CP M .a li idi-ri'.i-k .'I Dii' i . Kr-cj-.'i 
Unix is a trademark of Bell I ahoraioncs 
LC is a trademark of Misosvs 



Circle 9 on Reader Service card. 



Introducing the Most Powerful 
Business Software Ever! 



TRS-80- (Model I, II, III, or 16) • APPLE" • IBM" • OSBORNE '"• CP/M*"* KAYPRO' 



«** 



eoidBOUVBScm 




eS/ 



The versaBusiness" Series 



Each VERSABUSINESS module can be purchased and used independently, 
or can be linked in any combination to form a complete, coordinated business system. 



VERSARECEIVABLES" $99.95 

VERSARECEIVABLES'" is a complete menu-driven accounts receivable, invoicing, and 
monthly statement generating system. It keeps track of all information related to who 
owes you or your company money, and can provide automatic billing for past due ac 
counts VERSARECEIVABLES" prints all necessary statements, invoices, and summary 
reports and can be linked with VersaLedGER II'" and VersaINVENTORY*". 

VERSAPAYABLES" $99.95 

VERSARWABU i'-d to keep track of current and aged payables, keeping you 

in touch with all information regarding how much money your company owes, and to 
whom \A.HSaPayabi_L5* maintains a complete record on each vendor, prints checks, 
check registers, vouchers, transaction reports, aged payables reports, vendor reports, 
and more WithVLK: • vou can even let your computer automatically select 

which vouchers are to be paid 

VERSAPAYROLL" $99.95 

VERSA PAYROU" is a powerful and sophisticated, but easy to use payroll system that 
keeps track of all government-required payroll information Complete employee records 
are maintained, and all necessary payroll calculations are performed automatically, with 
totals displayed on screen for operator approval A payroll can be run totally, automati 
cally, or the operator can intervene to prevent a check Irom being printed, or to alter 
information on it. If desired, totals may be posted to the VERSALEDGFR IT" system. 

VersaInventory- $99.95 

Versa Inventory - " is a complete inventory control system that gives you instant access 
to data on any item > >kv keeps track of all information related lo whal 

items are in stock, out of stock, on backorder. etc , stores sales and pricing data, alerts 
you when an item falls below a preset reorder point, and allows you lo enter and print 
invoices directly or to link with the VERSARl i 1 1\ Mi. • -•system. VERSA l.v.l N :i iHV prints 
all needed invenltiry listings, reports ol items below reorder point, inventory value M 
ports, period and year to date sales reports, price lists, inventory checklists, etc. 

iCQKlPJTRQNICSi 

50 N. PASCACK ROAD, SPRING VALLEY, NY. 10977 



VersaLedger ir $149.95 

VERSALEDGER II'" is a complete accounting system that grows as your business 
grows. VERSALEDGER II'" can be used as a simple personal checkbook register, 
expanded to a small business bookkeeping system or developed into a large 
corporate general ledger system without any additional software. 

• VersaLedger IP" gives you almost unlimited storage capacity 

(300 to 10,000 entries per month, depending on the system), 

• stores all check and general ledger information forever. 

• prints tractor-feed checks. 

• handles multiple checkbooks and general ledgers. 

• prints 17 customized accounting reports including check registers, 
balance sheets, income statements, transaction reports, account 
listings, etc 

VersaLllxjlk ir* comes with a professionally wnt ten 160 page manual de 
signed for first-time users. The VersaLldger IP" manual will help you become 
quickly familiar with VERSALEDGER IP", using complete sample data files 
supplied on diskette and more than 50 pages of sample printouts. 



SATISFACTION GUARANTEED! 



Every VERSABUSINESS" module i* guaranteed tooutpertorm al! other .-ompetitive systems, 
and at a fraction o! their cost II you are not satisfied with any MRS A Bl SINFSS"* module, you 
may return it within 30 days for a refund Manuals for an^ VERSABUSINESS"" 'nodule may be 
purchased for S25 each, credited toward a later purchase of that module 
All CP M hased Computers must be equipped with Microsoft BASIC 
(MBASIC ui BASIC 801 



To Order: 

Write or call Toll-free (800) 431-2818 
(N.Y.S. residents call 914-425-1535) 



* add $3 for shipping m UPS areas 

• add $4 for CO D or non UPS areas 



* add $5 to CANADA or MSA ICO 

* add proper postage elsewhere 



DFAI FR INQUIRIES WFI COMF 

All prices and specifications subiect to change Delivery 



TRS 80 trademark Tandy Corp APPLE trademark Apple Corp IBM PC trademark IBM Corp OSBORNF trademark Osborne Corp. XEROX trademark Xerox Corp KAYPRO trademark Non Linear 

System* Inc TELEVIDEO trademark :....:■■ SyUamt,bx SANYO trademark Sanyo Corp NEC trademark NEC Corp DEC trademark Digital Equipment Corp - ZENITH I rademark Zenith Corp 

TI PROFESSIONAL COMPUTER trademark Texas Instalments Im SUPERBRAIN trademark Interrec Corp CP,M trademark Digital Research EPSTON trademark Epson Corp